{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:13:16Z","timestamp":1793128396125,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AHNCOR Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> This study aims to investigate EGFR as a prognostic biomarker in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> OPSCC patients from retrospective (1998\u20132009) and prospective cohorts (2014\u20132017) were included. Retrospectively collected tumors were used to construct tissue microarrays (TMAs), which were stained with EGFR, p16, DAPI and Pan-cytokeratin, and digitally quantified. EGFR, CDKN2A and HPV E6\/7 levels from prospectively collected OPSCC was measured by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Biomarkers were compared to patient covariates, factors and survival outcomes. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> A total of 249 patients were included retrospectively and 64 patients were enrolled prospectively. p16 status ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), smoking above 10 pack years ( p\u2009=\u20090.04), smoking above 20 pack years ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), total EGFR tumor levels ( p\u2009=\u20090.016), and high EGFR within high or low Ki67 tumor nuclear staining ( p\u2009=\u20090.03) were found to be significant predictors of 5-year disease specific survival (DSS). A Cox proportional hazard model of DSS showed smoking status and eGFR expression to be dependent of each other on predicting 5-year DSS. ddPCR analysis showed a significant association between smoking status and EGFR levels. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> Total EGFR tumor levels are predictive of 5-year DSS. EGFR levels correlate with. smoking and could be an objective marker for this disease etiology. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-018-0323-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T09:23:10Z","timestamp":1547112190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["EGFR as a biomarker of smoking status and survival in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Shanmugappiriya","family":"Sivarajah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, 1E4, Walter Mackenzie Centre, 8440-112 Street, T6G 2B7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morris","family":"Kostiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Research Laboratory of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Research Laboratory of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Puttagunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, 1E4, Walter Mackenzie Centre, 8440-112 Street, T6G 2B7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, 1E4, Walter Mackenzie Centre, 8440-112 Street, T6G 2B7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Seikaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, 1E4, Walter Mackenzie Centre, 8440-112 Street, T6G 2B7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7661-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent L.","family":"Biron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, 1E4, Walter Mackenzie Centre, 8440-112 Street, T6G 2B7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Research Laboratory of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-s40463-018-0323-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-017-0185-3"},{"key":"bibr2-s40463-018-0323-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24042"},{"key":"bibr3-s40463-018-0323-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912217"},{"key":"bibr4-s40463-018-0323-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lydiatt WM, Patel SG, O'Sullivan B, Brandwein MS, Ridge JA, Migliacci JC, et al. 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