{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:54:14Z","timestamp":1793364854962,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> To perform a needs assessment of epistaxis first-aid measures practiced by family physicians and Emergency Department (ED) staff in London, Ontario, Canada. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Paper-based multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to participants. Participant recruitment was conducted in two parts: 1) 28 Emergency Medicine (EM) attending physicians, 21 resident physicians training in the ED, and 26 ED nurses were surveyed while on duty in the ED; 2) 27 family physicians providing walk-in or urgent care and attending a continuing medical education (CME) event were also surveyed. Respondents were asked to identify where to apply compression to the nose and how patients should be positioned during acute epistaxis. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Regarding where to apply compression, 19% of family physicians, 43% of EM physicians, 24% of residents, and 8% of ED nurses responded correctly. Regarding positioning, all groups responded similarly with 54\u201362% responding correctly. Twenty-one percent of emergency physicians, 19% of residents, 11% of family physicians, and 4% of nurses responded correctly to both questions. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> Most family physicians, EM attending physicians, ED nurses, and residents could not correctly identify basic first-aid measures for acute epistaxis. This study identifies an area where knowledge is lacking and the potential for improvement in patient management and education. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Grapical Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p> <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-020-00485-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T17:04:01Z","timestamp":1613063041000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Epistaxis first-aid management: A needs assessment among healthcare providers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5825-2759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leigh","family":"Sowerby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 268 Grosvenor Street, N6A 4V2, London, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandheeb","family":"Rajakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Rotenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 268 Grosvenor Street, N6A 4V2, London, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-s40463-020-00485-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487409129566"},{"key":"bibr2-s40463-020-00485-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.10.4.298"},{"key":"bibr3-s40463-020-00485-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163519840380"},{"key":"bibr4-s40463-020-00485-8","unstructured":"American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma Advanced trauma life support student course manual 2008 8 Chicago American College of Surgeons"},{"key":"bibr5-s40463-020-00485-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819889955"},{"key":"bibr6-s40463-020-00485-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/00222150260171579"},{"key":"bibr7-s40463-020-00485-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.74.868.113"},{"key":"bibr8-s40463-020-00485-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_15_19"},{"key":"bibr9-s40463-020-00485-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2018.27.1.41"},{"key":"bibr10-s40463-020-00485-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.13.3.193"},{"key":"bibr11-s40463-020-00485-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2004.015842"},{"key":"bibr12-s40463-020-00485-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819890327"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr13-s40463-020-00485-8","first-page":"E13","volume":"67","author":"Wong AS","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; 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