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Two recent \u03b1Syn\n                    <jats:sup>D<\/jats:sup>\n                    seed amplification tests have provided the first prototypes for ultrasensitive and specific detection of \u03b1Syn\n                    <jats:sup>D<\/jats:sup>\n                    in patients\u2019 cerebrospinal fluid. These prototypic assays require 5\u201313\u00a0days to perform. Here, we describe an improved \u03b1-synuclein real time quaking-induced conversion (\u03b1Syn RT-QuIC) assay that has similar sensitivity and specificity to the prior assays, but can be performed in 1\u20132\u00a0days with quantitation. Blinded analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from 29 synucleinopathy cases [12 Parkinson\u2019s and 17 dementia with Lewy bodies] and 31 non-synucleinopathy controls, including 16 Alzheimer\u2019s cases, yielded 93% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity for this test so far. End-point dilution analyses allowed quantitation of relative amounts of \u03b1Syn\n                    <jats:sup>D<\/jats:sup>\n                    seeding activity in cerebrospinal fluid samples, and detection in as little as 0.2\u00a0\u03bcL. These results confirm that \u03b1Syn\n                    <jats:sup>D<\/jats:sup>\n                    seeding activity is present in cerebrospinal fluid. We also demonstrate that it can be rapidly detected, and quantitated, even in early symptomatic stages of synucleinopathy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0508-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]],"date-time":"2018-02-08T03:53:10Z","timestamp":1518061990000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":401,"title":["Rapid and ultra-sensitive quantitation of disease-associated \u03b1-synuclein seeds in brain and cerebrospinal fluid by \u03b1Syn RT-QuIC"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Bradley R.","family":"Groveman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina D.","family":"Orr\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Hughson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne D.","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Zanusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardino","family":"Ghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina J.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Safar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Galasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3928-6101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byron","family":"Caughey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"508_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000641","volume":"83","author":"CH Adler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adler CH, Beach TG, Hentz JG, Shill HA, Caviness JN, Driver-Dunckley E, Sabbagh MN, Sue LI, Jacobson SA, Belden CM et al (2014) Low clinical diagnostic accuracy of early vs advanced Parkinson disease: clinicopathologic study. 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