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There is continued debate about whether Lewy bodies exert a neurodegenerative effect by affecting mitochondria, or whether they represent a protective mechanism. Therefore, the present study sought to determine whether the nbM is subject to mitochondrial dysfunctional in LBD and the association of Lewy body formation with such changes. <jats:italic>Post-mortem<\/jats:italic> nbM tissue was stained for Complex I or IV and quantitated relative to porin with immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy of individual cells from LBD (303 neurons, 8 cases), control (362 neurons, 8 cases) and asymptomatic incidental LBD (iLBD) cases (99 neurons, 2 cases). Additionally, \u03b1-synuclein, tau and amyloid-\u03b2 pathology were analysed using quantitative immunohistochemistry, and respiratory chain markers were compared in cells with Lewy bodies (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009134) and unaffected cells (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009272). The expression of Complex I normalised to mitochondrial mass was significantly lower in LBD compared to control and iLBD cases and this was unrelated to local neuropathological burdens but trended toward a relationship with neuronal loss. Furthermore, Complex I expression was higher in cells with Lewy bodies compared to adjacent cells without \u03b1-synuclein aggregates. These findings suggest that Complex I deficits in the nbM occur in symptomatic LBD cases and may relate to neuronal loss, but that contrary to the view that Lewy body formation underlies neuronal dysfunction and damage in LBD, Lewy bodies are associated with higher Complex I expression than neurons without Lewy bodies. One could speculate that Lewy bodies may provide a mechanism to encapsulate damaged mitochondria and\/or \u03b1-synuclein oligomers, thus protecting neurons from their cytotoxic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-00985-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T08:08:50Z","timestamp":1594282130000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Complex I reductions in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Lewy body dementia: the role of Lewy bodies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Hatton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Reeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nichola Zoe","family":"Lax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alasdair","family":"Blain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Shiau","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"El-Agnaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Attems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John-Paul","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1752-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Erskine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"985_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alexandris AS, Walker L, Liu AKL, McAleese KE, Johnson M, Pearce RKB, Gentleman SM, Attems J (2019) Cholinergic deficits and galaninergic hyperinnervation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Lewy body disorders. 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