{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:12:27Z","timestamp":1792019547076,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A2019218S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2019218S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIRG-15-363387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIRG-15-363387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1NS122060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1NS122060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS112404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS112404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["acta neuropathol commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered as the most robust environmental risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Besides direct neuronal injury and neuroinflammation, vascular impairment is also a hallmark event of the pathological cascade after TBI. However, the vascular connection between TBI and subsequent AD pathogenesis remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a closed-head mild TBI (mTBI) model in mice with controlled cortical impact, we examined the time courses of microvascular injury, blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, gliosis and motor function impairment in wild type C57BL\/6 mice. We also evaluated the BBB integrity, amyloid pathology as well as cognitive functions after mTBI in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>mTBI induced microvascular injury with BBB breakdown, pericyte loss, basement membrane alteration and cerebral blood flow reduction in mice, in which BBB breakdown preceded gliosis. More importantly, mTBI accelerated BBB leakage, amyloid pathology and cognitive impairment in the 5xFAD mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data demonstrated that microvascular injury plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD after mTBI. Therefore, restoring vascular functions might be beneficial for patients with mTBI, and potentially reduce the risk of developing AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01178-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T06:06:58Z","timestamp":1619158018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Mild traumatic brain injury induces microvascular injury and accelerates Alzheimer-like pathogenesis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yingxi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxiong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brock","family":"Pluimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tenghuan","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youzhen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Fu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Sta Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Gomez-Pinilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8967-5570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1178_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","volume":"14","author":"CR Jack","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jack CR, Bennett DA, Blennow K, Carrillo MC, Dunn B, Haeberlein SB et al (2018) NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc 14:535\u2013562","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc"},{"key":"1178_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07575.x","volume":"120","author":"A Goate","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goate A, Hardy J (2012) Twenty years of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-causing mutations: APP mutations after 20 years. J Neurochem 120:3\u20138","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"1178_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.01.010","volume":"15","author":"Association Alzheimer\u2032s","year":"2019","unstructured":"Association Alzheimer\u2032s (2019) Alzheimer\u2032s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 15:321\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.01.010","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"1178_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.002","volume":"103","author":"DK Sandsmark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sandsmark DK, Bashir A, Wellington CL, Diaz-Arrastia R (2019) Cerebral microvascular injury: a potentially treatable endophenotype of traumatic brain injury-induced neurodegeneration. Neuron 103:367\u2013379","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1178_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.11.021","volume":"76","author":"K Blennow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blennow K, Hardy J, Zetterberg H (2012) The neuropathology and neurobiology of traumatic brain injury. Neuron 76:886\u2013899","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1178_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.01030","volume":"11","author":"Y Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Y, Wu H, Guo X, Pluimer B, Zhao Z (2020) Blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction in mild traumatic brain injury: evidence from preclinical murine models. Front Physiol 11:1030","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"1178_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0347","volume":"75","author":"K Kenney","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kenney K, Diaz-Arrastia R (2018) Risk of dementia outcomes associated with traumatic brain injury during military service. JAMA Neurol 75:1043\u20131044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0347","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"1178_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002413","volume":"86","author":"G Scott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scott G, Ramlackhansingh AF, Edison P, Hellyer P, Cole J, Veronese M et al (2016) Amyloid pathology and axonal injury after brain trauma. Neurology 86:821\u2013828","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1178_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2449","volume":"29","author":"F Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu F, Zhang Y, Chuang D-M (2012) Lithium reduces BACE1 overexpression, \u03b2 amyloid accumulation, and spatial learning deficits in mice with traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 29:2342\u20132351","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"1178_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000043931.83041.AA","volume":"52","author":"Y Furuya","year":"2003","unstructured":"Furuya Y, Hlatky R, Valadka AB, Diaz P, Robertson CS (2003) Comparison of cerebral blood flow in computed tomographic hypodense areas of the brain in head-injured patients. Neurosurgery. 52:340\u2013345 (discussion 345\u2013346)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."},{"key":"1178_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccx.0000216572.19062.8f","volume":"12","author":"DK Menon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Menon DK (2006) Brain ischaemia after traumatic brain injury: lessons from 15O2 positron emission tomography. Curr Opin Crit Care 12:85\u201389","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"1178_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30279-X","volume":"16","author":"L Wilson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilson L, Stewart W, Dams-O\u2019Connor K, Diaz-Arrastia R, Horton L, Menon DK et al (2017) The chronic and evolving neurological consequences of traumatic brain injury. Lancet Neurol 16:813\u2013825","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1178_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.01.023","volume":"94","author":"JD Corrigan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corrigan JD, Hammond FM (2013) Traumatic brain injury as a chronic health condition. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 94:1199\u20131201","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1178_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4340","volume":"34","author":"N Villalba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Villalba N, Sackheim AM, Nunez IA, Hill-Eubanks DC, Nelson MT, Wellman GC et al (2017) Traumatic brain injury causes endothelial dysfunction in the systemic microcirculation through arginase-1\u2013dependent uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Neurotrauma 34:192\u2013203","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"1178_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.03.014","volume":"317","author":"S Bhowmick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhowmick S, D\u2019Mello V, Caruso D, Wallerstein A, Abdul-Muneer PM (2019) Impairment of pericyte-endothelium crosstalk leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 317:260\u2013270","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"1178_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.145","volume":"33","author":"LM Foley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Foley LM, O\u2019Meara AMI, Wisniewski SR, Hitchens TK, Melick JA, Ho C et al (2013) MRI assessment of cerebral blood flow after experimental traumatic brain injury combined with hemorrhagic shock in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33:129\u2013136","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"1178_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0154427","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154427","volume":"11","author":"H Alluri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alluri H, Wilson RL, Anasooya Shaji C, Wiggins-Dohlvik K, Patel S, Liu Y et al (2016) Melatonin preserves blood-brain barrier integrity and permeability via matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition. PLoS ONE 11:e0154427","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1178_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12366","volume":"21","author":"H Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi H, Wang H-L, Pu H-J, Shi Y-J, Zhang J, Zhang W-T et al (2015) Ethyl pyruvate protects against blood-brain barrier damage and improves long-term neurological outcomes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 21:374\u2013384","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"1178_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-32","volume":"10","author":"SM Schwarzmaier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwarzmaier SM, Zimmermann R, McGarry NB, Trabold R, Kim S-W, Plesnila N (2013) In vivo temporal and spatial profile of leukocyte adhesion and migration after experimental traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neuroinflammation 10:32","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1178_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.067","volume":"163","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Nelson AR, Betsholtz C, Zlokovic BV (2015) Establishment and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier. Cell 163:1064\u20131078","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1178_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00050.2017","volume":"99","author":"MD Sweeney","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sweeney MD, Zhao Z, Montagne A, Nelson AR, Zlokovic BV (2019) Blood-brain barrier: from physiology to disease and back. Physiol Rev 99:21\u201378","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"1178_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150088","volume":"46","author":"MB Dinkins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dinkins MB, Dasgupta S, Wang G, Zhu G, He Q, Kong JN et al (2015) The 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease exhibits an age-dependent increase in anti-ceramide IgG and exogenous administration of ceramide further increases anti-ceramide titers and amyloid plaque burden. J Alzheimers Dis JAD 46:55\u201361","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis JAD"},{"key":"1178_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3182814cdf","volume":"72","author":"J-O Ojo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ojo J-O, Mouzon B, Greenberg MB, Bachmeier C, Mullan M, Crawford F (2013) Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury augments tau pathology and glial activation in aged hTau mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 72:137\u2013151","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"1178_CR24","first-page":"e51781","volume":"90","author":"J Romine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Romine J, Gao X, Chen J (2014) Controlled cortical impact model for traumatic brain injury. J Vis Exp JoVE 90:e51781","journal-title":"J Vis Exp JoVE"},{"key":"1178_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(02)00114-0","volume":"117","author":"L Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang L, Schallert T, Zhang ZG, Jiang Q, Arniego P, Li Q et al (2002) A test for detecting long-term sensorimotor dysfunction in the mouse after focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Methods 117:207\u2013214","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"1178_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181035","volume":"216","author":"D Lazic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lazic D, Sagare AP, Nikolakopoulou AM, Griffin JH, Vassar R, Zlokovic BV (2019) 3K3A-activated protein C blocks amyloidogenic BACE1 pathway and improves functional outcome in mice. J Exp Med 216:279\u2013293","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"1178_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3529","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.003350","volume":"44","author":"Y Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhao Z, Chow N, Rajput PS, Griffin JH, Lyden PD et al (2013) Activated protein C analog protects from ischemic stroke and extends the therapeutic window of tissue-type plasminogen activator in aged female mice and hypertensive rats. Stroke J Cereb Circ 44:3529\u20133536","journal-title":"Stroke J Cereb Circ"},{"key":"1178_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09522","volume":"468","author":"A Armulik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Armulik A, Genov\u00e9 G, M\u00e4e M, Nisancioglu MH, Wallgard E, Niaudet C et al (2010) Pericytes regulate the blood\u2013brain barrier. Nature 468:557\u2013561","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1178_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3197-15.2016","volume":"36","author":"PK Dash","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dash PK, Zhao J, Kobori N, Redell JB, Hylin MJ, Hood KN et al (2016) Activation of Alpha 7 cholinergic nicotinic receptors reduce blood-brain barrier permeability following experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 36:2809\u20132818","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"1178_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0320-7_19","volume":"1135","author":"IR Winship","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winship IR (2014) Laser speckle contrast imaging to measure changes in cerebral blood flow. Methods Mol Biol Clifton NJ 1135:223\u2013235","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol Clifton NJ"},{"key":"1178_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.69","volume":"13","author":"X Lan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lan X, Han X, Li Q, Yang Q-W, Wang J (2017) Modulators of microglial activation and polarization after intracerebral haemorrhage. Nat Rev Neurol 13:420\u2013433","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"1178_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0176225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176225","volume":"12","author":"AM Nikolakopoulou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nikolakopoulou AM, Zhao Z, Montagne A, Zlokovic BV (2017) Regional early and progressive loss of brain pericytes but not vascular smooth muscle cells in adult mice with disrupted platelet-derived growth factor receptor-\u03b2 signaling. PLoS ONE 12:e0176225","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"204","key":"1178_CR33","first-page":"1486","volume":"2020","author":"W Miao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miao W, Zhao Y, Huang Y, Chen D, Luo C, Su W et al (2020) IL-13 ameliorates neuroinflammation and promotes functional recovery after traumatic brain injury. J Immunol Baltim Md 2020(204):1486\u20131498","journal-title":"J Immunol Baltim Md"},{"key":"1178_CR34","first-page":"79","volume":"18","author":"JE Libbey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Libbey JE, Lane TE, Fujinami RS (2014) Axonal pathology and demyelination in viral models of multiple sclerosis. Discov Med 18:79\u201389","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"1178_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.74","volume":"6","author":"D Shlosberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shlosberg D, Benifla M, Kaufer D, Friedman A (2010) Blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown as a therapeutic target in traumatic brain injury. Nat Rev Neurol 6:393\u2013403","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"1178_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00161-4","volume":"7","author":"A Obenaus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Obenaus A, Ng M, Orantes AM, Kinney-Lang E, Rashid F, Hamer M et al (2017) Traumatic brain injury results in acute rarefication of the vascular network. Sci Rep 7:1\u201314","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1178_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.01.046","volume":"16","author":"Q Meng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meng Q, Zhuang Y, Ying Z, Agrawal R, Yang X, Gomez-Pinilla F (2017) Traumatic brain injury induces genome-wide transcriptomic, methylomic, and network perturbations in brain and blood predicting neurological disorders. EBioMedicine 16:184\u2013194","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1178_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0497-x","volume":"22","author":"RN Munji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Munji RN, Soung AL, Weiner GA, Sohet F, Semple BD, Trivedi A et al (2019) Profiling the mouse brain endothelial transcriptome in health and disease models reveals a core blood-brain barrier dysfunction module. Nat Neurosci 22:1892\u20131902","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1178_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17749689","volume":"38","author":"M-J Hannocks","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hannocks M-J, Pizzo ME, Huppert J, Deshpande T, Abbott NJ, Thorne RG et al (2018) Molecular characterization of perivascular drainage pathways in the murine brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 38:669\u2013686","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"1178_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.4.1194-1202.2002","volume":"22","author":"J Thyboll","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thyboll J, Kortesmaa J, Cao R, Soininen R, Wang L, Iivanainen A et al (2002) Deletion of the Laminin 4 chain leads to impaired microvessel maturation. Mol Cell Biol 22:1194\u20131202","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"1178_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4413","volume":"5","author":"Y Yao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yao Y, Chen Z-L, Norris EH, Strickland S (2014) Astrocytic laminin regulates pericyte differentiation and maintains blood brain barrier integrity. Nat Commun 5:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms4413","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1178_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.154","volume":"33","author":"V Pop","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pop V, Sorensen DW, Kamper JE, Ajao DO, Murphy MP, Head E et al (2013) Early brain injury alters the blood\u2013brain barrier phenotype in parallel with \u03b2-amyloid and cognitive changes in adulthood. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33:205\u2013214","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"1178_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx350","volume":"141","author":"CA Tagge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tagge CA, Fisher AM, Minaeva OV, Gaudreau-Balderrama A, Moncaster JA, Zhang X-L et al (2018) Concussion, microvascular injury, and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model. Brain J Neurol 141:422\u2013458","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"1178_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.7.857","volume":"74","author":"S Fleminger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fleminger S, Oliver DL, Lovestone S, Rabe-Hesketh S, Giora A (2003) Head injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the evidence 10 years on; a partial replication. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:857\u2013862","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1178_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.01.021","volume":"28","author":"J Ramos-Cejudo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramos-Cejudo J, Wisniewski T, Marmar C, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, de Leon MJ et al (2018) Traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the cerebrovascular link. EBioMedicine 28:21\u201330","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1178_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.07.123","volume":"483","author":"G Edwards","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edwards G, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Soto C (2017) Amyloid-beta and tau pathology following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1137\u20131142","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01719-2","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000}}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropathologica Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40478-021-01178-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40478-021-01178-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40478-021-01178-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]],"date-time":"2024-02-18T18:10:01Z","timestamp":1708279801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40478-021-01178-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-021-01178-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.04.12.036392","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2051-5960"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-5960","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-023-01719-2","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-023-01719-2","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Southern California per NIH guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"74"}}