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We were therefore interested in the manifestation of lipid peroxidation in synucleinopathies, a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the central pathology of \u03b1-synuclein aggregates, including Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple system atrophy, dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer\u2019s disease with Lewy bodies. We assessed lipid peroxidation products, lipid aldehydes, in the amygdala, a common disease-affected region in synucleinopathies, and in the visual cortex, a disease-unaffected region. We found that the levels of lipid aldehydes were significantly increased in the amygdala, but not in the visual cortex. We hypothesized that these increases are due to increases in the abundance of unsaturated lipids, since lipid aldehydes are formed from unsaturated lipids. We undertook a comprehensive analysis of membrane lipids using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and found that unsaturated phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin were specifically elevated in the amygdala and correlated with increases in lipid aldehydes. Furthermore, unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine levels were associated with soluble \u03b1-synuclein. Put together, these results suggest that manifestation of lipid peroxidation is prevalent in synucleinopathies and is likely to be due to increases in unsaturated membrane lipids. Our findings underscore the importance of lipid peroxidation in \u03b1-synuclein pathology and in membrane structure maintenance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01469-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T20:16:09Z","timestamp":1668456969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Increased unsaturated lipids underlie lipid peroxidation in synucleinopathy brain"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"YuHong","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surabhi","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Pickford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dzamko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenda M.","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4707-933X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woojin Scott","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1469_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3644","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.1c00478","volume":"60","author":"C Andersen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andersen C, Gronnemose AL, Pedersen JN, Nowak JS, Christiansen G, Nielsen J, Mulder FAA, Otzen DE, Jorgensen TJD (2021) Lipid peroxidation products HNE and ONE promote and stabilize alpha-synuclein oligomers by chemical modifications. 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