{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T20:55:57Z","timestamp":1775595357314,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015239","name":"Society for Pediatric Pathology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015239","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2028401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2028401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1173565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1173565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Veski Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["acta neuropathol commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Abusive head trauma (AHT) resulting from violent shaking and whiplash-induced brain injury by a caregiver, is the leading cause of abusive mortality and morbidity in children. Cerebral oedema is common in survivors of AHT. While many children may initially appear behaviourally asymptomatic or present with non-specific symptoms following the AHT, deficits often emerge later in childhood. Additionally, AHTs are frequently repetitive, with a single child likely to experience multiple AHTs. Despite the prevalence of AHT, the mechanisms that lead to brain pathology and the latent emergence of behavioural deficits are poorly understood, and there is a paucity of preclinical, small animal models to investigate the biology and cumulative effects of repetitive injuries. This study aimed to develop a preclinical model of repetitive AHT and subsequently examine alterations in gene expression, cell types, and early adolescent behaviour. Mice were placed on a 400\u00a0rpm shaking device for 60s. This was repeated one, three, or five times throughout the neonatal development period (postnatal days (P)8\u201312). Injured mice initially displayed no overt behavioural changes compared to uninjured controls; however, in adolescence (P40-45) they later developed deficits in socialisation and thermal nociception. Further, alterations in the expression of genes involved in growth, cell damage, and development were observed in the brains of injured mice, along with an increase in white matter cells and evidence of blood-brain barrier leakage. This novel preclinical model of AHT provides a valuable platform for exploring diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic interventions for children with an AHT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-025-02029-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T03:13:19Z","timestamp":1747278799000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Shaking into deficits: investigating behavioural and neuropathological outcomes associated with a novel preclinical model of infant abusive head trauma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sydney A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Sgro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Salberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaina","family":"Vlassopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bridgette D.","family":"Semple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly R.","family":"Chinnery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richelle","family":"Mychasiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2029_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdullah AN, Ahmad AH, Zakaria R, Tamam S, Abd Hamid AI, Chai WJ, Omar H, Abdul Rahman MR, Fitzrol DN, Idris Zet al et al (2022) Disruption of white matter integrity and its relationship with cognitive function in non-severe traumatic brain injury. Front Neurol 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.1011304","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1011304"},{"key":"2029_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamsbaum C, Grabar S, Mejean N, Rey-Salmon C (2010) Abusive head trauma: judicial admissions highlight violent and repetitive shaking. Pediatr 126:546\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2009\u20133647","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3647"},{"key":"2029_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2024.101142","volume":"50","author":"D Ahmad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad D, Small A, Gibson A, Kissoon N (2024) Developmental outcomes in abusive head trauma. Semin Pediatr Neurol 50:101142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spen.2024.101142","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2029_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0925-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"N Alia-Klein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ, Kriplani A, Logan J, Tomasi D, Williams B, Telang F, Shumay E, Biegon A, Craig IW (2008) Brain monoamine oxidase A activity predicts trait aggression. J Neurosci 28:5099\u20135104","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2029_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/13638490410001715331","volume":"7","author":"K Barlow","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barlow K, Thompson E, Johnson D, Minns RA (2004) The neurological outcome of non-accidental head injury. Pediatr Rehabil 7:195\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13638490410001715331","journal-title":"Pediatr Rehabil"},{"key":"2029_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barlow KM, Thomson E, Johnson D, Minns RA (2005) Late neurologic and cognitive sequelae of inflicted traumatic brain injury in infancy. Pediatr 116:e174\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2004\u20132739","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2739"},{"key":"2029_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(98)00069-6","volume":"22","author":"J Becker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Becker J, Liersch R, Tautz C, Schlueter B, Andler W (1998) Shaken baby syndrome: report on four pairs of twins. Child Abuse Negl 22:931\u2013937","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"2029_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(96)00136-2","volume":"31","author":"AM Beckmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beckmann AM, Wilce PA (1997) Egr transcription factors in the nervous system. Neurochem Int 31:477\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0197-0186(96)00136-2","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"2029_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816346-7.00011-7","volume-title":"Biomarkers for traumatic brain injury","author":"S Bezek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bezek S, Biberthaler P, Martinez-Espina I, Bogner-Flatz V (2020) Chap. 11 - Pathophysiology and clinical implementation of traumatic brain injury biomarkers: neuron-specific enolase. In: Wu AHB, Peacock WF (eds) Biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. Academic, City, pp 169\u2013182"},{"key":"2029_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6096","volume":"36","author":"AN Bolton-Hall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bolton-Hall AN, Hubbard WB, Saatman KE (2019) Experimental designs for repeated mild traumatic brain injury: challenges and considerations. J Neurotrauma 36:1203\u20131221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2018.6096","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2029_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00446.x","volume":"12","author":"C Bonnier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bonnier C, Mesples B, Carpentier S, Henin D, Gressens P (2002) Delayed white matter injury in a murine model of shaken baby syndrome. Brain Pathol 12:320\u2013328","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2029_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/13638490410001703325","volume":"7","author":"C Bonnier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bonnier C, Mesples B, Gressens P (2004) Animal models of shaken baby syndrome: revisiting the pathophysiology of this devastating injury. Pediatr Rehabil 7:165\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13638490410001703325","journal-title":"Pediatr Rehabil"},{"key":"2029_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1995.tb11949.x","volume":"37","author":"C Bonnier","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bonnier C, Nassogne MC, Evrard P (1995) Outcome and prognosis of whiplash shaken infant syndrome; late consequences after a symptom-free interval. Dev Med Child Neurol 37:943\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1995.tb11949.x","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2029_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112760","volume":"285","author":"R Cai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cai R, Tao X, Chen Y, Starlard-Davenport A, Jones BC, Cook MN, Lu L (2020) Pex3 is involved in the genetic regulation of Nr3c2 expression in the amygdala of mice. Psychiatry Res 285:112760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112760","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2029_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6472","volume":"37","author":"LA Cannella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cannella LA, Andrews AM, Tran F, Razmpour R, McGary H, Collie C, Tsegaye T, Maynard M, Kaufman MJ, Rawls SM al (2020) Experimental traumatic brain injury during adolescence enhances cocaine rewarding efficacy and dysregulates dopamine and neuroimmune systems in brain reward substrates. J Neurotrauma 37:27\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6472","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2029_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175909142091177","DOI":"10.1177\/1759091420911770","volume":"12","author":"HW Caplan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caplan HW, Cardenas F, Gudenkauf F, Zelnick P, Xue H, Cox CS, Bedi SS (2020) Spatiotemporal distribution of microglia after traumatic brain injury in male mice. ASN Neuro 12:1759091420911770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1759091420911770","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"2029_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023732","volume":"36","author":"JD Cassidy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cassidy JD, Carroll L, Peloso P, Borg J, Von Holst H, Holm L, Kraus J, Coronado V (2004) Incidence, risk factors and prevention of mild traumatic brain injury: results of the WHO collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Med 36:28\u201360","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2029_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.82198","volume":"4","author":"CY Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen CY, Wu HP (2011) Caring for traumatic brain injury in children can be a challenge! J Emerg Trauma Shock 4:161\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-2700.82198","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"key":"2029_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choudhary AK, Servaes S, Slovis TL, Palusci VJ, Hedlund GL, Narang SK, Moreno JA, Dias MS, Christian CW, Nelson MD et al (2018) Consensus statement on abusive head trauma in infants and young children. Pediatr Radiol 48: 1048\u20131065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-018-4149-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4149-1"},{"key":"2029_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x221082786","volume":"42","author":"J Christensen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Christensen J, Li C, Mychasiuk R (2022) Choroid plexus function in neurological homeostasis and disorders: the awakening of the circadian clocks and orexins. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 42:1163\u20131175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678x221082786","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2029_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01608-y","volume":"24","author":"J Christensen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Christensen J, MacPherson N, Li C, Yamakawa GR, Mychasiuk R (2023) Repeat mild traumatic brain injuries (RmTBI) modify nociception and disrupt orexinergic connectivity within the descending pain pathway. J Headache Pain 24:72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-023-01608-y","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"2029_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10365","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301225110","volume":"110","author":"RE Clark","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clark RE, Squire LR (2013) Similarity in form and function of the hippocampus in rodents, monkeys, and humans. PNAS 110:10365\u201310370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1301225110","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2029_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dalgard CL, Cole JT, Kean W, Lucky J, Sukumar G, McMullen D, Pollard HB, Watson WD (2012) the cytokine Temporal profile in rat cortex after controlled cortical impact. Front Mol Neurosci 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2012.00006","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2012.00006"},{"key":"2029_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson TL, Stevenson RJ (2024) vulnerability of the hippocampus to insults: links to blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction. international journal of molecular sciences 21: 991","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25041991"},{"key":"2029_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.564","volume":"111","author":"SR Dube","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Dong M, Chapman DP, Giles WH, Anda RF (2003) Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study. Pediatr 111:564\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.111.3.564","journal-title":"Pediatr"},{"key":"2029_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123016","volume":"460","author":"PP Eggertsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eggertsen PP, Palmfeldt J, Pedersen AR, Frederiksen O-V, Olsen RKJ, Nielsen JF (2024) Serum neurofilament light chain, inflammatory markers, and kynurenine metabolites in patients with persistent post-concussion symptoms: A cohort study. J Neurol Sci 460:123016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2029_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104643","volume":"108","author":"EA Eismann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eismann EA, Theuerling J, Cassedy A, Curry PA, Colliers T, Makoroff KL (2020) Early developmental, behavioral, and quality of life outcomes following abusive head trauma in infants. Child Abuse Negl 108:104643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104643","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"2029_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.035493","volume":"89","author":"BA Ellaway","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ellaway BA, Payne H, Rolfe K, Dunstan F, Kemp A, Butler I, Sibert J (2004) Are abused babies protected from further abuse? Arch Dis Child 89:845\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2003.035493","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2029_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(95)00274-V","volume":"36","author":"L Fan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fan L, Young PR, Barone FC, Feuerstein GZ, Smith DH, McIntosh TK (1996) Experimental brain injury induces differential expression of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 mRNA in the CNS. Mol Brain Res 36:287\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0169-328X(95)00274-V","journal-title":"Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"2029_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01273-1","volume":"463","author":"SE File","year":"2003","unstructured":"File SE, Seth P (2003) A review of 25 years of the social interaction test. Eur J Pharmacol 463:35\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01273-1","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2029_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.118","volume":"33","author":"AM Fukuda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fukuda AM, Adami A, Pop V, Bellone JA, Coats JS, Hartman RE, Ashwal S, Obenaus A, Badaut J (2013) Posttraumatic reduction of edema with Aquaporin-4 RNA interference improves acute and chronic functional recovery. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabolism 33:1621\u20131632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.118","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metabolism"},{"key":"2029_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.06.033","volume":"222","author":"AM Fukuda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fukuda AM, Pop V, Spagnoli D, Ashwal S, Obenaus A, Badaut J (2012) Delayed increase of astrocytic Aquaporin 4 after juvenile traumatic brain injury: possible role in edema resolution? Neurosci 222:366\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.06.033","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"2029_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fuster JnM (2001) The prefrontal Cortex\u2014An update: time is of the essence. Neuron 30:319\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00285-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00285-9"},{"key":"2029_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gafson AR, Barth\u00e9lemy NR, Bomont P, Carare RO, Durham HD, Julien JP, Kuhle J, Leppert D, Nixon RA, Weller RO et al (2020) Neurofilaments: neurobiological foundations for biomarker applications. Brain 143:1975\u20131998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awaa098","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa098"},{"key":"2029_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.7.1290","volume":"124","author":"J Geddes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Geddes J, Hackshaw AK, Vowles G, Nickols C, Whitwell H (2001) Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children: I. Patterns of brain damage. Brain 124:1290\u20131298","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2029_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlw114","volume":"76","author":"V Gudi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gudi V, Gai L, Herder V, Tejedor LS, Kipp M, Amor S, S\u00fchs KW, Hansmann F, Beineke A, Baumg\u00e4rtner W al (2017) Synaptophysin is a reliable marker for axonal damage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 76:109\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnen\/nlw114","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2029_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0598","author":"S Harris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Harris S, Chinnery HR, Semple BD, Mychasiuk R (2024) Shaking up our approach: the need for characterization and optimization of Pre-clinical models of infant abusive head trauma. J Neurotrauma: Doi. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2023.0598","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma: Doi"},{"key":"2029_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris S, Kodila ZN, Salberg S, Sgro M, Vlassopoulos E, Li C, Smith M, Shultz S, Yamakawa G Noel M (2025) Maternal oxytocin administration mitigates nociceptive, social, and epigenetic impairments in adolescent offspring exposed to perinatal trauma. Neurotherapeutics 1\u201312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2025.e00598"},{"key":"2029_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000242818","volume":"54","author":"N Herschkowitz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Herschkowitz N (1988) Brain development in the fetus, neonate and infant. Biol Neonate 54:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000242818","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"2029_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-099-1_10","volume-title":"Neuropeptide techniques","author":"JM Hill","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hill JM, Lim MA, Stone MM (2008) Developmental milestones in the newborn mouse. In: Gozes I (ed) Neuropeptide techniques. Humana, City, pp 131\u2013149"},{"key":"2029_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2020.03.008","volume":"43","author":"K-L Hung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hung K-L (2020) Pediatric abusive head trauma. Biomed J 43:240\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bj.2020.03.008","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"2029_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.11.015","volume":"88","author":"KP Hymel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hymel KP, Wang M, Chinchilli VM, Karst WA, Willson DF, Dias MS, Herman BE, Carroll CL, Haney SB, Isaac R (2019) Estimating the probability of abusive head trauma after abuse evaluation. Child Abuse Negl 88:266\u2013274","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"2029_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.09.005","volume":"87","author":"TJ Hynes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hynes TJ, Thomas CS, Zumbusch AS, Samson A, Petriman I, Mrdja U, Orr A, Cutts E, Ruzindana BG, Hazari Aet al et al (2018) Early life adversity potentiates expression of addiction-related traits. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 87:56\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.09.005","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2029_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/wnr.0000000000000042","volume":"25","author":"H Igarashi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Igarashi H, Tsujita M, Kwee IL, Nakada T (2014) Water influx into cerebrospinal fluid is primarily controlled by aquaporin-4, not by aquaporin-1: 17: O JJVCPE MRI study in knockout mice. NeuroReport 25:39\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/wnr.0000000000000042","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"2029_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y, Plogg BA, Peng W, Gundersen GA, Benveniste H, Vates GE, Deane R, Goldman SA et al (2012) a paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid \u03b2. Science Translational Medicine 4: 147ra111-147ra111 Doi https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748"},{"key":"2029_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00057","volume":"9","author":"SH Jang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jang SH, Kwon YH (2018) A review of traumatic axonal injury following whiplash injury as demonstrated by diffusion tensor tractography. Front Neurol 9:57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00057","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2029_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.12.011","volume":"60","author":"RR Ji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ji RR, Gereau RWt, Malcangio M, Strichartz GR (2009) MAP kinase and pain. Brain Res Rev 60:135\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.12.011","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"2029_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.5.621","volume":"290","author":"HT Keenan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Keenan HT, Runyan DK, Marshall SW, Nocera MA, Merten DF, Sinal SH (2003) A population-based study of inflicted traumatic brain injury in young children. JAMA 290:621\u2013626","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2029_CR49","first-page":"155","volume":"168","author":"WJ King","year":"2003","unstructured":"King WJ, MacKay M, Sirnick A (2003) Shaken baby syndrome in Canada: clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital cases. CMAJ 168:155\u2013159","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2029_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.10.001","volume":"6","author":"SW Ko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ko SW, Vadakkan KI, Ao H, Gallitano-Mendel A, Wei F, Milbrandt J, Zhuo M (2005) Selective contribution of Egr1 (zif\/268) to persistent inflammatory pain. J Pain 6:12\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.10.001","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"2029_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(87)90069-6","volume":"25","author":"B Kolb","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kolb B (1987) Recovery from early cortical damage in rats. I. Differential behavioral and anatomical effects of frontal lesions at different ages of neural maturation. Behav Brain Res 25:205\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0166-4328(87)90069-6","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"2029_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2021_296","volume-title":"Sensitive periods of brain development and preventive interventions","author":"B Kolb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kolb B (2022) Sensitive periods for recovery from early brain injury. In: Andersen SL (ed) Sensitive periods of brain development and preventive interventions. Springer International Publishing, City, pp 189\u2013212"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2029_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17186","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121251109","volume":"109","author":"B Kolb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kolb B, Mychasiuk R, Muhammad A, Li Y, Frost DO, Gibb R (2012) Experience and the developing prefrontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(Suppl 2):17186\u201317193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1121251109","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2029_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101875","volume":"194","author":"NJ Kolla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kolla NJ, Bortolato M (2020) The role of monoamine oxidase A in the neurobiology of aggressive, antisocial, and violent behavior: A Tale of mice and men. Prog Neurobiol 194:101875","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"2029_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289603500302","volume":"35","author":"VM Kriss","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kriss VM, Kriss TC (1996) SCIWORA (spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality) in infants and children. Clin Pediatr 35:119\u2013124","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"2029_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90275-0","volume":"77","author":"S Lahz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lahz S, Bryant RA (1996) Incidence of chronic pain following traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77:889\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90275-0","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2029_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01514-X","volume":"53","author":"D Le Bars","year":"2001","unstructured":"Le Bars D, Gozariu M, Cadden SW (2001) Animal models of nociception. Pharmacol Rev 53:597\u2013652","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"2029_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-013-0084-7","volume":"51","author":"A Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li A, Sun X, Ni Y, Chen X, Guo A (2013) HIF-1\u03b1 involves in neuronal apoptosis after traumatic brain injury in adult rats. J Mol Neurosci 51:1052\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-013-0084-7","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"2029_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.10.013","volume":"1641","author":"H Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li H, Richardson WD (2016) Evolution of the CNS Myelin gene regulatory program. Brain Res 1641:111\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.10.013","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2029_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2012.04414.x","volume":"55","author":"L Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li L, Liu J (2013) The effect of pediatric traumatic brain injury on behavioral outcomes: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 55:37\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2012.04414.x","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2029_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27965","volume":"55","author":"Z Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin Z, Lance E, McIntyre T, Li Y, Liu P, Lim C, Fan H, Tekes A, Cannon A, Casella JF al (2022) Imaging Blood-Brain barrier permeability through MRI in pediatric sickle cell disease: A feasibility study. J Magn Reson Imaging 55:1551\u20131558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.27965","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2029_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27141","volume":"80","author":"Z Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin Z, Li Y, Su P, Mao D, Wei Z, Pillai JJ, Moghekar A, van Osch M, Ge Y, Lu H (2018) Non-contrast MR imaging of blood-brain barrier permeability to water. Magn Reson Med 80:1507\u20131520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.27141","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2029_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2769-2795.2016.tb00005.x","volume":"2","author":"J Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu J, Dan Q-Q, Zhao N, Li J-Y, Li J, Chang Q, Su P, Cen J-C (2016) Functional implication of synaptophysin upregulation with traumatic brain injury adult rats. Ibrain 2:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2769-2795.2016.tb00005.x","journal-title":"Ibrain"},{"key":"2029_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.12-12-04846.1992","volume":"12","author":"D Lowenstein","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lowenstein D, Thomas M, Smith D, McIntosh T (1992) Selective vulnerability of dentate hilar neurons following traumatic brain injury: a potential mechanistic link between head trauma and disorders of the hippocampus. J Neurosci 12:4846\u20134853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.12-12-04846.1992","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2029_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66388-X","volume":"365","author":"HL MacMillan","year":"2005","unstructured":"MacMillan HL, Thomas BH, Jamieson E, Walsh CA, Boyle MH, Shannon HS, Gafni A (2005) Effectiveness of home visitation by public-health nurses in prevention of the recurrence of child physical abuse and neglect: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 365:1786\u20131793","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2029_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/17518423.2020.1869340","volume":"24","author":"J Manfield","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manfield J, Oakley K, Macey JA, Waugh MC (2021) Understanding the Five-Year outcomes of abusive head trauma in children: A retrospective cohort study. Dev Neurorehabil 24:361\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17518423.2020.1869340","journal-title":"Dev Neurorehabil"},{"key":"2029_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2009.0211","volume":"106","author":"J Matschke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matschke J, Herrmann B, Sperhake J, Korber F, Bajanowski T, Glatzel M (2009) Shaken baby syndrome: a common variant of non-accidental head injury in infants. Dtsch Arztebl Int 106:211\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2009.0211","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"2029_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McDonald SJ, O\u2019Brien WT, Symons GF, Chen Z, Bain J, Major BP, Costello D, Yamakawa G, Sun M, Brady RD al (2021) Prolonged elevation of serum neurofilament light after concussion in male Australian football players. Biomark Res 9(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40364-020-00256-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-020-00256-7"},{"key":"2029_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1006\/smns.1994.1031","volume":"6","author":"BS McEwen","year":"1994","unstructured":"McEwen BS (1994) The plasticity of the hippocampus is the reason for its vulnerability. Seminars Neurosci 6:239\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/smns.1994.1031","journal-title":"Seminars Neurosci"},{"key":"2029_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.01.004","volume":"152","author":"M Miura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miura M, Sasaki M, Mizukoshi K, Shibasaki M, Izumi Y, Shimosato G, Amaya F (2011) Peripheral sensitization caused by insulin-like growth factor 1 contributes to pain hypersensitivity after tissue injury. Pain 152:888\u2013895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2011.01.004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2029_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2005.06.005","volume":"27","author":"BA Motz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Motz BA, Alberts JR (2005) The validity and utility of geotaxis in young rodents. Neurotoxicol Teratol 27:529\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ntt.2005.06.005","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"2029_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3132","volume":"31","author":"R Mychasiuk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mychasiuk R, Farran A, Esser MJ (2014) Assessment of an experimental rodent model of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 31:749\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2013.3132","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2029_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.09.003","volume":"73","author":"R Mychasiuk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mychasiuk R, Hehar H, van Waes L, Esser MJ (2015) Diet, age, and prior injury status differentially alter behavioral outcomes following concussion in rats. Neurobiol Dis 73:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.09.003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2029_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.6.711","volume":"300","author":"DE Nampiaparampil","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nampiaparampil DE (2008) Prevalence of chronic pain after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. JAMA 300:711\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.300.6.711","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2029_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mop.0000158730.56669.b1","volume":"17","author":"AW Newton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Newton AW, Vandeven AM (2005) Update on child maltreatment with a special focus on shaken baby syndrome. Curr Opin Pediatr 17:246\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mop.0000158730.56669.b1","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"2029_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113360","volume":"331","author":"K Ondek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ondek K, Brevnova O, Jimenez-Ornelas C, Vergara A, Zwienenberg M, Gurkoff G (2020) A new model of repeat mTBI in adolescent rats. Exp Neurol 331:113360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113360","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2029_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2021.01.004","volume":"63","author":"M Oru\u00e7","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oru\u00e7 M, D\u00fcndar AS, Okumu\u015f H, G\u00f6rmez M, \u015eamdanc\u0131 ET, Celbi\u015f O (2021) Shaken baby syndrome resulting in death: a case series. Turk J Pediatr 63:31\u201336","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"2029_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2021.0289","volume":"65","author":"YS Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park YS (2022) Complex pathophysiology of abusive head trauma with poor neurological outcome in infants. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 65:385\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3340\/jkns.2021.0289","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"2029_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2011-040234","volume":"18","author":"S Parks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parks S, Sugerman D, Xu L, Coronado V (2012) Characteristics of non-fatal abusive head trauma among children in the USA, 2003\u20132008: application of the CDC operational case definition to National hospital inpatient data. Inj Prev 18:392\u2013398","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"2029_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2012.00058","volume":"6","author":"ZR Patterson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patterson ZR, Holahan MR (2012) Understanding the neuroinflammatory response following concussion to develop treatment strategies. Front Cell Neurosci 6:58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2012.00058","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2029_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2011.00688.x","volume":"22","author":"PS Pinto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pinto PS, Poretti A, Meoded A, Tekes A, Huisman TAGM (2012) The unique features of traumatic brain injury in children. Review of the characteristics of the pediatric skull and brain, mechanisms of trauma, patterns of injury, complications and their imaging Findings\u2014Part 1. J Neuroimaging 22:e1\u2013e17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2011.00688.x","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2029_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03168-4","volume":"14","author":"D Rasool","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rasool D, Jahani-Asl A (2024) Master regulators of neurogenesis: the dynamic roles of Ephrin receptors across diverse cellular niches. Translational Psychiatry 14:462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-024-03168-4","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"2029_CR83","first-page":"5","volume":"154","author":"R Reece","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reece R, Sege R (2000) Childhood head injuries: accidental or inflicted?? Archives Pediatr Adolesc Med 154:5","journal-title":"Archives Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2029_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v5i1.205","volume":"5","author":"BD Robertson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robertson BD, McConnel CE, Green S (2013) Charges associated with pediatric head injuries: a five year retrospective review of 41 pediatric hospitals in the US. J Inj Violence Res 5:51\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5249\/jivr.v5i1.205","journal-title":"J Inj Violence Res"},{"key":"2029_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2022.55.4.191","volume":"55","author":"JY Ryu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ryu JY, Oh J, Kim SM, Kim WG, Jeong H, Ahn SA, Kim SH, Jang JY, Yoo BC, Kim CW al (2022) SOCS1 counteracts ROS-mediated survival signals and promotes apoptosis by modulating cell cycle to increase radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells. BMB Rep 55:198\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5483\/BMBRep.2022.55.4.191","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"2029_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1159\/000508663","volume":"42","author":"S Salberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salberg S, Sgro M, Brady Rhys D, Noel M, Mychasiuk R (2020) The development of adolescent chronic pain following traumatic brain injury and surgery: the role of diet and early life stress. Dev Neurosci 42:2\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000508663","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"2029_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/52434","author":"ML Seibenhener","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seibenhener ML, Wooten MC (2015) Use of the open field maze to measure locomotor and anxiety-like behavior in mice. J Vis Exp: e52434 Doi. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/52434","journal-title":"J Vis Exp: e52434 Doi"},{"key":"2029_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2595","volume":"29","author":"BD Semple","year":"2012","unstructured":"Semple BD, Canchola SA, Noble-Haeusslein LJ (2012) Deficits in social behavior emerge during development after pediatric traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neurotrauma 29:2672\u20132683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2012.2595","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2029_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e103386","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103386","volume":"9","author":"BD Semple","year":"2014","unstructured":"Semple BD, Noble-Haeusslein LJ, Jun Kwon Y, Sam PN, Gibson AM, Grissom S, Brown S, Adahman Z, Hollingsworth CA, Kwakye A (2014) Sociosexual and communication deficits after traumatic injury to the developing murine brain. PLoS ONE 9:e103386","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2029_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/21594937.2020.1720139","volume":"9","author":"M Sgro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sgro M, Mychasiuk R (2020) Playful genes: what do we know about the epigenetics of play behaviour? Int J Play 9:25\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21594937.2020.1720139","journal-title":"Int J Play"},{"key":"2029_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1780","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000005518","volume":"90","author":"P Shahim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shahim P, Tegner Y, Marklund N, Blennow K, Zetterberg H (2018) Neurofilament light and Tau as blood biomarkers for sports-related concussion. Neurology 90:e1780\u2013e1788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000005518","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2029_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shanahan ME, Zolotor AJ, Parrish JW, Barr RG, Runyan DK (2013) National, regional, and state abusive head trauma: application of the CDC algorithm. Pediatr 132:e1546\u2013e1553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/10.1542\/peds.2013\u20132049","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2049"},{"key":"2029_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.10.018","volume":"171","author":"H Shojo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shojo H, Kaneko Y, Mabuchi T, Kibayashi K, Adachi N, Borlongan CV (2010) Genetic and histologic evidence implicates role of inflammation in traumatic brain injury-induced apoptosis in the rat cerebral cortex following moderate fluid percussion injury. Neurosci 171:1273\u20131282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.10.018","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"2029_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840000600611","volume":"6","author":"DH Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smith DH, Meaney DF (2000) Axonal damage in traumatic brain injury. Neuroscientist 6:483\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107385840000600611","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"2029_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00170-5","volume":"46","author":"T Steckler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Steckler T, Holsboer F (1999) Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor subtypes and emotion. Biol Psychiatry 46:1480\u20131508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00170-5","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2029_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942DN1802_5","volume":"18","author":"J Stiles","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stiles J (2000) Neural plasticity and cognitive development. Dev Neuropsychol 18:237\u2013272","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2029_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.11.003","volume":"31","author":"MJ Tait","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tait MJ, Saadoun S, Bell BA, Papadopoulos MC (2008) Water movements in the brain: role of Aquaporins. Trends Neurosci 31:37\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2007.11.003","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2029_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(67)80020-4","volume":"15","author":"DD Thiessen","year":"1967","unstructured":"Thiessen DD, Lindzey G (1967) Negative geotaxis in mice: effect of balancing practice on incline behaviour in C57BL\/6J male mice. Anim Behav 15:113\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0003-3472(67)80020-4","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2029_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(71)90593-2","volume":"35","author":"CI Thompson","year":"1971","unstructured":"Thompson CI, Harlow HF, Blomquist AJ, Schiltz KA (1971) Recovery of function following prefrontal lobe damage in rhesus monkeys. Brain Res 35:37\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(71)90593-2","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2029_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105430","volume":"157","author":"A Trivedi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trivedi A, Tercovich KG, Casbon AJ, Raber J, Lowell C, Noble-Haeusslein LJ (2021) Neutrophil-specific deletion of Syk results in recruitment-independent stabilization of the barrier and a long-term improvement in cognitive function after traumatic injury to the developing brain. Neurobiol Dis 157:105430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105430","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2029_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e381","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.22","volume":"4","author":"LJ van der Knaap","year":"2014","unstructured":"van der Knaap LJ, Riese H, Hudziak JJ, Verbiest MMPJ, Verhulst FC, Oldehinkel AJ, van Oort FVA (2014) Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) methylation following stressful events between birth and adolescence. The TRAILS study. Translational Psychiatry 4:e381\u2013e381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2014.22","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"2029_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.44","volume":"2","author":"AA Walf","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walf AA, Frye CA (2007) The use of the elevated plus maze as an assay of anxiety-related behavior in rodents. Nat Protoc 2:322\u2013328","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2029_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang M, Scattoni ML, Zhodzishsky V, Chen T, Caldwell H, Young WS, McFarlane HG, Crawley JN (2007) Social approach behaviors are similar on conventional versus reverse lighting cycles, and in replications across cohorts, in BTBR T\u2009+\u2009tf\/J, C57BL\/6J, and vasopressin receptor 1B mutant mice. Front Behav Neurosci 1(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/neuro.08.001.2007","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.08.001.2007"}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropathologica Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40478-025-02029-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40478-025-02029-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40478-025-02029-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T03:13:24Z","timestamp":1747278804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40478-025-02029-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-025-02029-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-5960"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-5960","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All research was completed in compliance with the Precinct Animal Centre (PAC) Animal Care Guidelines at Monash University. Ethics approval was granted by the Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct Animal Ethics Committee. All experiments were completed in accordance with the approved ethical stipulations as outlined in E\/8303\/2022\/M.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors consent to the publication of this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"100"}}