{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T02:04:03Z","timestamp":1785895443531,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["acta neuropathol commun"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-025-02063-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T06:33:08Z","timestamp":1751610788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Brain macrophages and pial fibroblasts promote inflammation in a hypomyelination model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Noriko","family":"Okuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeru","family":"Hamashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung Son","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naruho","family":"Okita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miwa","family":"Fujikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Kunisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Takakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Fujimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Betsholtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuyoshi","family":"Takata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakiyo","family":"Sasahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2063_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adler M, Mayo A, Zhou X, Franklin RA, Jacox JB, Medzhitov R, Alon U (2018) Endocytosis as a stabilizing mechanism for tissue homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115: E1926-E1935 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1714377115","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1714377115"},{"key":"2063_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.08.036","volume":"179","author":"A Aldrich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aldrich A, Kielian T (2011) Central nervous system fibrosis is associated with fibrocyte-like infiltrates. Am J Pathol 179:2952\u20132962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.08.036","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2063_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.07.001","volume":"21","author":"A Armulik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Armulik A, Genove G, Betsholtz C (2011) Pericytes: developmental, physiological, and pathological perspectives, problems, and promises. Dev Cell 21:193\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.07.001","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2063_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banks WA, Rhea EM (2021) The Blood-Brain barrier, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Antioxid (Basel) 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10111695","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111695"},{"key":"2063_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.08.007","volume":"32","author":"G Bartzokis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bartzokis G (2011) Alzheimer\u2019s disease as homeostatic responses to age-related Myelin breakdown. Neurobiol Aging 32:1341\u20131371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.08.007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2063_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcaa124","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa124","volume":"2","author":"LC Beland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beland LC, Markovinovic A, Jakovac H, De Marchi F, Bilic E, Mazzini L, Kriz J, Munitic I (2020) Immunity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: blurred lines between excessive inflammation and inefficient immune responses. Brain Commun 2:fcaa124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa124","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"2063_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-4274(02)00432-0","volume":"139","author":"R Bonavia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bonavia R, Bajetto A, Barbero S, Pirani P, Florio T, Schettini G (2003) Chemokines and their receptors in the CNS: expression of CXCL12\/SDF-1 and CXCR4 and their role in astrocyte proliferation. Toxicol Lett 139:181\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-4274(02)00432-0","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2063_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X211068528","volume":"42","author":"SK Bonney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonney SK, Sullivan LT, Cherry TJ, Daneman R, Shih AY (2022) Distinct features of brain perivascular fibroblasts and mural cells revealed by in vivo two-photon imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 42:966\u2013978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X211068528","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2063_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.021","volume":"54","author":"MB Buechler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buechler MB, Fu W, Turley SJ (2021) Fibroblast-macrophage reciprocal interactions in health, fibrosis, and cancer. Immunity 54:903\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2063_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4035","volume":"22","author":"Z Cao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cao Z, Lis R, Ginsberg M, Chavez D, Shido K, Rabbany SY, Fong GH, Sakmar TP, Rafii S, Ding BS (2016) Targeting of the pulmonary capillary vascular niche promotes lung alveolar repair and ameliorates fibrosis. Nat Med 22:154\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4035","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2063_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.02.010","volume":"41","author":"MS Cembrowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cembrowski MS, Menon V (2018) Continuous variation within cell types of the nervous system. Trends Neurosci 41:337\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2018.02.010","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2063_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010994","volume":"346","author":"A Chang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chang A, Tourtellotte WW, Rudick R, Trapp BD (2002) Premyelinating oligodendrocytes in chronic lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 346:165\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa010994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2063_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.03.005","volume":"39","author":"V Chitu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chitu V, Gokhan S, Nandi S, Mehler MF, Stanley ER (2016) Emerging roles for CSF-1 receptor and its ligands in the nervous system. Trends Neurosci 39:378\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2016.03.005","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2063_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7","volume":"372","author":"A Compston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Compston A, Coles A (2008) Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 372:1502\u20131517 Doi 10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2063_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Correale J, Marrodan M, Ysrraelit MC (2019) Mechanisms of neurodegeneration and axonal dysfunction in progressive multiple sclerosis. Biomedicines 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines7010014","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines7010014"},{"key":"2063_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dang TC, Ishii Y, Nguyen V, Yamamoto S, Hamashima T, Okuno N, Nguyen QL, Sang Y, Ohkawa N, Saitoh Yet al et al (2019) Powerful Homeostatic Control of Oligodendroglial Lineage by PDGFRalpha in Adult Brain. Cell Rep 27: 1073\u20131089 e1075 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.084"},{"key":"2063_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dean DC 3rd, Hurley SA, Kecskemeti SR, O\u2019Grady JP, Canda C, Davenport-Sis NJ, Carlsson CM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Asthana Set al et al (2017) Association of amyloid pathology with Myelin alteration in preclinical alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol 74:41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.3232","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.3232"},{"key":"2063_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L442","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00026.2010","volume":"299","author":"AL Degryse","year":"2010","unstructured":"Degryse AL, Tanjore H, Xu XC, Polosukhin VV, Jones BR, McMahon FB, Gleaves LA, Blackwell TS, Lawson WE (2010) Repetitive intratracheal bleomycin models several features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 299:L442\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00026.2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2063_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01764-w","volume":"9","author":"Z Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J (2024) TGF-beta signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 9:61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-01764-w","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2063_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"DeSisto J, O\u2019Rourke R, Jones HE, Pawlikowski B, Malek AD, Bonney S, Guimiot F, Jones KL, Siegenthaler JA (2020) Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analyses of the Developing Meninges Reveal Meningeal Fibroblast Diversity and Function. Dev Cell 54:43\u201359 e44 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.06.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.06.009"},{"key":"2063_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00977-3","volume":"37","author":"NG Dimitriou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dimitriou NG, Meuth SG, Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Albrecht P, Menge T (2023) Treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis transitioning between relapsing and progressive disease. CNS Drugs 37:69\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40263-022-00977-3","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"2063_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19849","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019849","volume":"6","author":"S Doretto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Doretto S, Malerba M, Ramos M, Ikrar T, Kinoshita C, De Mei C, Tirotta E, Xu X, Borrelli E (2011) Oligodendrocytes as regulators of neuronal networks during early postnatal development. PLoS ONE 6:e19849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0019849","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2063_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00525-w","volume":"23","author":"CE Dorrier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dorrier CE, Jones HE, Pintaric L, Siegenthaler JA, Daneman R (2022) Emerging roles for CNS fibroblasts in health, injury and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 23:23\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-021-00525-w","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2063_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dorrier CE, Aran D, Haenelt EA, Sheehy RN, Hoi KK, Pintaric L, Chen Y, Lizama CO, Cautivo KM Weiner GA (2021) CNS fibroblasts form a fibrotic Scar in response to immune cell infiltration. Nat Neurosci 24: 234\u2013244 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-020-00770-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00770-9"},{"key":"2063_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.040","volume":"82","author":"MR Elmore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elmore MR, Najafi AR, Koike MA, Dagher NN, Spangenberg EE, Rice RA, Kitazawa M, Matusow B, Nguyen H, West BL al (2014) Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling is necessary for microglia viability, unmasking a microglia progenitor cell in the adult brain. Neuron 82:380\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.040","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2063_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadp4726","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp4726","volume":"10","author":"M Ezzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ezzo M, Spindler K, Wang JB, Lee D, Pecoraro G, Cowen J, Pakshir P, Hinz B (2024) Acute contact with profibrotic macrophages mechanically activates fibroblasts via alphavbeta3 integrin-mediated engagement of Piezo1. Sci Adv 10:eadp4726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adp4726","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2063_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-017-1573-x","volume":"95","author":"G Faraco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Faraco G, Park L, Anrather J, Iadecola C (2017) Brain perivascular macrophages: characterization and functional roles in health and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 95:1143\u20131152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-017-1573-x","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"2063_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Farbehi N, Patrick R, Dorison A, Xaymardan M, Janbandhu V, Wystub-Lis K, Ho JW, Nordon RE, Harvey RP (2019) Single-cell expression profiling reveals dynamic flux of cardiac stromal, vascular and immune cells in health and injury. Elife 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.43882","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.43882"},{"key":"2063_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-021-03491-y","volume":"387","author":"CR Fehlberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fehlberg CR, Lee JK (2022) Fibrosis in the central nervous system: from the meninges to the vasculature. Cell Tissue Res 387:351\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-021-03491-y","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2063_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70231-5","volume":"14","author":"A Feinstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feinstein A, Freeman J, Lo AC (2015) Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: what works, what does not, and what is needed. Lancet Neurol 14:194\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70231-5","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2063_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.187","volume":"33","author":"F Fernandez-Klett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fernandez-Klett F, Potas JR, Hilpert D, Blazej K, Radke J, Huck J, Engel O, Stenzel W, Genove G, Priller J (2013) Early loss of pericytes and perivascular stromal cell-induced Scar formation after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33:428\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.187","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2063_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0041-4","volume":"4","author":"M Filippi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Filippi M, Bar-Or A, Piehl F, Preziosa P, Solari A, Vukusic S, Rocca MA (2018) Multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 4:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-018-0041-4","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2063_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt110","volume":"136","author":"MT Fischer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fischer MT, Wimmer I, Hoftberger R, Gerlach S, Haider L, Zrzavy T, Hametner S, Mahad D, Binder CJ, Krumbholz Met al et al (2013) Disease-specific molecular events in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 136:1799\u20131815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awt110","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2063_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2480","volume":"9","author":"RJ Franklin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Franklin RJ, Ffrench-Constant C (2008) Remyelination in the CNS: from biology to therapy. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:839\u2013855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2480","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2063_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.3.457","volume":"126","author":"M Fruttiger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fruttiger M, Karlsson L, Hall AC, Abramsson A, Calver AR, Bostrom H, Willetts K, Bertold CH, Heath JK, Betsholtz Cet al et al (1999) Defective oligodendrocyte development and severe hypomyelination in PDGF-A knockout mice. Development 126:457\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.126.3.457","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2063_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9479-z","volume":"9","author":"K Funa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Funa K, Sasahara M (2014) The roles of PDGF in development and during neurogenesis in the normal and diseased nervous system. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 9:168\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-013-9479-z","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"2063_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3423","volume":"17","author":"T Goldmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goldmann T, Wieghofer P, Jordao MJ, Prutek F, Hagemeyer N, Frenzel K, Amann L, Staszewski O, Kierdorf K, Krueger Met al et al (2016) Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces. Nat Immunol 17:797\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.3423","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2063_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1203165","volume":"333","author":"C Goritz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goritz C, Dias DO, Tomilin N, Barbacid M, Shupliakov O, Frisen J (2011) A pericyte origin of spinal cord Scar tissue. Science 333:238\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1203165","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2063_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3557","volume":"12","author":"L Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo L, Zhang H, Hou Y, Wei T, Liu J (2016) Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein: A crucial component of vascular homeostasis. Exp Ther Med 12:1639\u20131644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2016.3557","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"2063_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23464","volume":"66","author":"S Gushchina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gushchina S, Pryce G, Yip PK, Wu D, Pallier P, Giovannoni G, Baker D, Bo X (2018) Increased expression of colony-stimulating factor-1 in mouse spinal cord with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis correlates with microglial activation and neuronal loss. Glia 66:2108\u20132125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.23464","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2063_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2013.03.004","volume":"19","author":"A Haghikia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haghikia A, Hohlfeld R, Gold R, Fugger L (2013) Therapies for multiple sclerosis: translational achievements and outstanding needs. Trends Mol Med 19:309\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2013.03.004","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2063_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4091","volume":"36","author":"L Haghverdi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haghverdi L, Lun ATL, Morgan MD, Marioni JC (2018) Batch effects in single-cell RNA-sequencing data are corrected by matching mutual nearest neighbors. Nat Biotechnol 36:421\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nbt.4091","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2063_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv398","volume":"139","author":"L Haider","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haider L, Zrzavy T, Hametner S, Hoftberger R, Bagnato F, Grabner G, Trattnig S, Pfeifenbring S, Bruck W, Lassmann H (2016) The topograpy of demyelination and neurodegeneration in the multiple sclerosis brain. Brain 139:807\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awv398","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2063_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.04.001","volume":"436","author":"T Hamashima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hamashima T, Ishii Y, Nguyen LQ, Okuno N, Sang Y, Matsushima T, Kurashige Y, Takebayashi H, Mori H, Fujimori Tet al et al (2020) Oligodendrogenesis and Myelin formation in the forebrain require Platelet-derived growth factor Receptor-alpha. Neuroscience 436:11\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.04.001","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2063_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.152","volume":"33","author":"R Harb","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harb R, Whiteus C, Freitas C, Grutzendler J (2013) In vivo imaging of cerebral microvascular plasticity from birth to death. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33:146\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.152","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2063_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"He X, Tolosa MF, Zhang T, Goru SK, Ulloa Severino L, Misra PS, McEvoy CM, Caldwell L, Szeto SG, Gao Fet al et al (2022) Myofibroblast YAP\/TAZ activation is a key step in organ fibrogenesis. JCI Insight 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.146243","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.146243"},{"key":"2063_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00624-x","volume":"18","author":"LM Healy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Healy LM, Stratton JA, Kuhlmann T, Antel J (2022) The role of glial cells in multiple sclerosis disease progression. Nat Rev Neurol 18:237\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-022-00624-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2063_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.4.1283","volume":"79","author":"CH Heldin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Heldin CH, Westermark B (1999) Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor. Physiol Rev 79:1283\u20131316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.4.1283","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2063_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24791","volume":"80","author":"E Herranz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Herranz E, Gianni C, Louapre C, Treaba CA, Govindarajan ST, Ouellette R, Loggia ML, Sloane JA, Madigan N, Izquierdo-Garcia Det al et al (2016) Neuroinflammatory component of Gray matter pathology in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 80:776\u2013790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24791","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2063_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Horikawa S, Ishii Y, Hamashima T, Yamamoto S, Mori H, Fujimori T, Shen J, Inoue R, Nishizono H Itoh H (2015) PDGFRalpha plays a crucial role in connective tissue remodeling. Sci Rep 5: 17948 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep17948","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17948"},{"key":"2063_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26112","volume":"233","author":"J Hou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hou J, Ma T, Cao H, Chen Y, Wang C, Chen X, Xiang Z, Han X (2018) TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation promotes myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs and exacerbates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 233:2409\u20132419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.26112","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2063_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr182","volume":"134","author":"OW Howell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Howell OW, Reeves CA, Nicholas R, Carassiti D, Radotra B, Gentleman SM, Serafini B, Aloisi F, Roncaroli F, Magliozzi Ret al et al (2011) Meningeal inflammation is widespread and linked to cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis. Brain 134:2755\u20132771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awr182","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2063_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.17-0028","volume":"6","author":"E Iacobaeus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iacobaeus E, Sugars RV, Tornqvist Andren A, Alm JJ, Qian H, Frantzen J, Newcombe J, Alkass K, Druid H, Bottai M al (2017) Dynamic changes in brain mesenchymal perivascular cells associate with multiple sclerosis disease duration, active inflammation, and demyelination. Stem Cells Transl Med 6:1840\u20131851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.17-0028","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"2063_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12530","volume":"67","author":"Y Ishii","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ishii Y, Hamashima T, Yamamoto S, Sasahara M (2017) Pathogenetic significance and possibility as a therapeutic target of platelet derived growth factor. Pathol Int 67:235\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pin.12530","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"2063_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-00938-1","volume":"8","author":"RE James","year":"2020","unstructured":"James RE, Schalks R, Browne E, Eleftheriadou I, Munoz CP, Mazarakis ND, Reynolds R (2020) Persistent elevation of intrathecal pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to multiple sclerosis-like cortical demyelination and neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol Commun 8:66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-020-00938-1","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"2063_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jones HE, Coelho-Santos V, Bonney SK, Abrams KA, Shih AY, Siegenthaler JA (2023) Meningeal origins and dynamics of perivascular fibroblast development on the mouse cerebral vasculature. Development 150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.201805","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.201805"},{"key":"2063_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joshi N, Watanabe S, Verma R, Jablonski RP, Chen CI, Cheresh P, Markov NS, Reyfman PA, McQuattie-Pimentel AC Sichizya L (2020) A spatially restricted fibrotic niche in pulmonary fibrosis is sustained by M-CSF\/M-CSFR signalling in monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages. Eur Respir J 55: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00646-2019","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00646-2019"},{"key":"2063_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12813","volume":"30","author":"A Junker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Junker A, Wozniak J, Voigt D, Scheidt U, Antel J, Wegner C, Bruck W, Stadelmann C (2020) Extensive subpial cortical demyelination is specific to multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol 30:641\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bpa.12813","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2063_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02408-y","volume":"19","author":"E Kamma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamma E, Lasisi W, Libner C, Ng HS, Plemel JR (2022) Central nervous system macrophages in progressive multiple sclerosis: relationship to neurodegeneration and therapeutics. J Neuroinflammation 19:45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-022-02408-y","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2063_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105654","volume":"166","author":"A Kasen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kasen A, Houck C, Burmeister AR, Sha Q, Brundin L, Brundin P (2022) Upregulation of alpha-synuclein following immune activation: possible trigger of parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis 166:105654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105654","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2063_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-016-0284-5","volume":"17","author":"KK Kelly","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kelly KK, MacPherson AM, Grewal H, Strnad F, Jones JW, Yu J, Pierzchalski K, Kane MA, Herson PS, Siegenthaler JA (2016) Col1a1\u2009+\u2009perivascular cells in the brain are a source of retinoic acid following stroke. BMC Neurosci 17:49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12868-016-0284-5","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"2063_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.04.021","volume":"31","author":"H Kitahara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kitahara H, Kajikawa S, Ishii Y, Yamamoto S, Hamashima T, Azuma E, Sato H, Matsushima T, Shibuya M, Shimada Y al (2018) The novel pathogenesis of retinopathy mediated by multiple RTK signals is uncovered in newly developed mouse model. Ebiomedicine 31:190\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.04.021","journal-title":"Ebiomedicine"},{"key":"2063_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn096","volume":"131","author":"T Kuhlmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuhlmann T, Miron V, Cui Q, Wegner C, Antel J, Bruck W (2008) Differentiation block of oligodendroglial progenitor cells as a cause for remyelination failure in chronic multiple sclerosis. Brain 131:1749\u20131758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awn096","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2063_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws260","volume":"135","author":"H Lassmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lassmann H (2012) Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: inflammation versus neurodegeneration. Brain 135:2904\u20132905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/aws260","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2063_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1631-4","volume":"133","author":"H Lassmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lassmann H, Bradl M (2017) Multiple sclerosis: experimental models and reality. Acta Neuropathol 133:223\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-016-1631-4","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2063_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197001000-00002","volume":"29","author":"S Levine","year":"1970","unstructured":"Levine S (1970) Allergic encephalomyelitis: cellular transformation and vascular Blockade. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 29:6\u201320","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2063_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W199","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz401","volume":"47","author":"Y Liao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liao Y, Wang J, Jaehnig EJ, Shi Z, Zhang B (2019) WebGestalt 2019: gene set analysis toolkit with revamped UIs and APIs. Nucleic Acids Res 47:W199\u2013W205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkz401","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2063_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lodyga M, Cambridge E, Karvonen HM, Pakshir P, Wu B, Boo S, Kiebalo M, Kaarteenaho R, Glogauer M, Kapoor M al (2019) Cadherin-11-mediated adhesion of macrophages to myofibroblasts establishes a profibrotic niche of active TGF-beta. Sci Signal 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scisignal.aao3469","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aao3469"},{"key":"2063_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1157\/13093982","volume":"59","author":"B Lopez Salazar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lopez Salazar B, Ravassa Albeniz S, Arias Guedon T, Gonzalez Miqueo A, Querejeta R, Diez Martinez J (2006) [Altered fibrillar collagen metabolism in hypertensive heart failure. Current Understanding and future prospects]. Rev Esp Cardiol 59:1047\u20131057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1157\/13093982","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"2063_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2010.05.014","volume":"7","author":"ME Lull","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lull ME, Block ML (2010) Microglial activation and chronic neurodegeneration. Neurotherapeutics 7:354\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nurt.2010.05.014","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"2063_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv011","volume":"138","author":"C Mainero","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mainero C, Louapre C, Govindarajan ST, Gianni C, Nielsen AS, Cohen-Adad J, Sloane J, Kinkel RP (2015) A gradient in cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis by in vivo quantitative 7 T imaging. Brain 138:932\u2013945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awv011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2063_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01295-9","volume":"27","author":"A Manberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manberg A, Skene N, Sanders F, Trusohamn M, Remnestal J, Szczepinska A, Aksoylu IS, Lonnerberg P, Ebarasi L, Wouters Set al et al (2021) Altered perivascular fibroblast activity precedes ALS disease onset. Nat Med 27:640\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01295-9","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2063_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marastoni D, Magliozzi R, Bolzan A, Pisani AI, Rossi S, Crescenzo F, Montemezzi S, Pizzini FB, Calabrese M (2021) CSF levels of CXCL12 and osteopontin as early markers of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001083","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001083"},{"key":"2063_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12502","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12502","volume":"7","author":"K Martin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martin K, Pritchett J, Llewellyn J, Mullan AF, Athwal VS, Dobie R, Harvey E, Zeef L, Farrow S, Streuli Cet al et al (2016) PAK proteins and YAP-1 signalling downstream of integrin beta-1 in myofibroblasts promote liver fibrosis. Nat Commun 7:12502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms12502","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2063_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04596-2","volume":"604","author":"T Masuda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Masuda T, Amann L, Monaco G, Sankowski R, Staszewski O, Krueger M, Del Gaudio F, He L, Paterson N, Nent Eet al et al (2022) Specification of CNS macrophage subsets occurs postnatally in defined niches. Nature 604:740\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04596-2","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2063_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww113","volume":"139","author":"L Mayo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mayo L, Cunha AP, Madi A, Beynon V, Yang Z, Alvarez JI, Prat A, Sobel RA, Kobzik L, Lassmann Het al et al (2016) IL-10-dependent Tr1 cells attenuate astrocyte activation and ameliorate chronic central nervous system inflammation. Brain 139:1939\u20131957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/aww113","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2063_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meziani L, Mondini M, Petit B, Boissonnas A, Thomas de Montpreville V, Mercier O, Vozenin MC, Deutsch E (2018) CSF1R Inhibition prevents radiation pulmonary fibrosis by depletion of interstitial macrophages. Eur Respir J 51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02120-2017","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02120-2017"},{"key":"2063_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2010.00399.x","volume":"20","author":"H Mohan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mohan H, Krumbholz M, Sharma R, Eisele S, Junker A, Sixt M, Newcombe J, Wekerle H, Hohlfeld R, Lassmann Het al et al (2010) Extracellular matrix in multiple sclerosis lesions: fibrillar collagens, Biglycan and decorin are upregulated and associated with infiltrating immune cells. Brain Pathol 20:966\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2010.00399.x","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2063_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328349ac2b","volume":"17","author":"MA Mouratis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mouratis MA, Aidinis V (2011) Modeling pulmonary fibrosis with bleomycin. Curr Opin Pulm Med 17:355\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328349ac2b","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"2063_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.07.002","volume":"57","author":"P Nagyoszi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nagyoszi P, Wilhelm I, Farkas AE, Fazakas C, Dung NT, Hasko J, Krizbai IA (2010) Expression and regulation of toll-like receptors in cerebral endothelial cells. Neurochem Int 57:556\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.07.002","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"2063_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1313-3","volume":"15","author":"EA Newcombe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Newcombe EA, Camats-Perna J, Silva ML, Valmas N, Huat TJ, Medeiros R (2018) Inflammation: the link between comorbidities, genetics, and alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation 15:276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1313-3","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2063_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-020-09742-w","volume":"24","author":"QL Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen QL, Okuno N, Hamashima T, Dang ST, Fujikawa M, Ishii Y, Enomoto A, Maki T, Nguyen HN, Nguyen VTet al et al (2021) Vascular PDGFR-alpha protects against BBB dysfunction after stroke in mice. Angiogenesis 24:35\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10456-020-09742-w","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"2063_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9030","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818348116","volume":"116","author":"AM Nicaise","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nicaise AM, Wagstaff LJ, Willis CM, Paisie C, Chandok H, Robson P, Fossati V, Williams A, Crocker SJ (2019) Cellular senescence in progenitor cells contributes to diminished remyelination potential in progressive multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116:9030\u20139039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1818348116","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2063_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2495","volume":"10","author":"A Nishiyama","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nishiyama A, Komitova M, Suzuki R, Zhu X (2009) Polydendrocytes (NG2 cells): multifunctional cells with lineage plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:9\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2495","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2063_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.040","volume":"168","author":"R Nowarski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nowarski R, Jackson R, Flavell RA (2017) The stromal intervention: regulation of immunity and inflammation at the Epithelial-Mesenchymal barrier. Cell 168:362\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.040","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2063_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.1200","volume":"222","author":"U Ozerdem","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ozerdem U, Grako KA, Dahlin-Huppe K, Monosov E, Stallcup WB (2001) NG2 proteoglycan is expressed exclusively by mural cells during vascular morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 222:218\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dvdy.1200","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"2063_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150309","volume":"48","author":"E Papuc","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papuc E, Kurys-Denis E, Krupski W, Tatara M, Rejdak K (2015) Can antibodies against glial derived antigens be early biomarkers of hippocampal demyelination and memory loss in alzheimer\u2019s disease?? J Alzheimers Dis 48:115\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-150309","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2063_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7435","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0727-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"V Pernet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pernet V, Joly S, Christ F, Dimou L, Schwab ME (2008) Nogo-A and Myelin-associated glycoprotein differently regulate oligodendrocyte maturation and Myelin formation. J Neurosci 28:7435\u20137444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0727-08.2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2063_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1123","volume":"50","author":"JW Peterson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peterson JW, Bo L, Mork S, Chang A, Trapp BD (2001) Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol 50:389\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.1123","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2063_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13215","volume":"289","author":"F Piehl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piehl F (2021) Current and emerging disease-modulatory therapies and treatment targets for multiple sclerosis. J Intern Med 289:771\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.13215","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2063_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pietila R, Del Gaudio F, He L, Vazquez-Liebanas E, Vanlandewijck M, Muhl L, Mocci G, Bjornholm KD, Lindblad C Fletcher-Sandersjoo A (2023) molecular anatomy of adult mouse leptomeninges. Neuron: Doi https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.09.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.09.002"},{"key":"2063_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19747","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.547273","volume":"289","author":"H Porsch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Porsch H, Mehic M, Olofsson B, Heldin P, Heldin CH (2014) Platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor, transforming growth factor beta type I receptor, and CD44 protein modulate each other\u2019s signaling and stability. J Biol Chem 289:19747\u201319757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M114.547273","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2063_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654284","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.654284","volume":"15","author":"MW Psenicka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Psenicka MW, Smith BC, Tinkey RA, Williams JL (2021) Connecting neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis: are oligodendrocyte precursor cells a Nexus of disease?? Front Cell Neurosci 15:654284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.654284","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2063_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-016-1920-8","volume":"469","author":"AK Reinhold","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reinhold AK, Rittner HL (2017) Barrier function in the peripheral and central nervous system-a review. Pflugers Arch 469:123\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-016-1920-8","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"2063_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-01793-5","volume":"57","author":"TR Riew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Riew TR, Jin X, Kim HL, Kim S, Lee MY (2020) Ultrastructural and molecular characterization of Platelet-derived growth factor Beta-Positive leptomeningeal cells in the adult rat brain. Mol Neurobiol 57:1484\u20131501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-019-01793-5","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2063_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4167","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.12.4167","volume":"83","author":"AB Roberts","year":"1986","unstructured":"Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Assoian RK, Smith JM, Roche NS, Wakefield LM, Heine UI, Liotta LA, Falanga V, Kehrl JH al (1986) Transforming growth factor type beta: rapid induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis in vivo and stimulation of collagen formation in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83:4167\u20134171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.83.12.4167","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2063_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mn.7800200","volume":"10","author":"R Salcedo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Salcedo R, Oppenheim JJ (2003) Role of chemokines in angiogenesis: CXCL12\/SDF-1 and CXCR4 interaction, a key regulator of endothelial cell responses. Microcirculation 10:359\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.mn.7800200","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"2063_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90223-l","volume":"64","author":"M Sasahara","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sasahara M, Fries JW, Raines EW, Gown AM, Westrum LE, Frosch MP, Bonthron DT, Ross R, Collins T (1991) PDGF B-chain in neurons of the central nervous system, posterior pituitary, and in a Transgenic model. Cell 64:217\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90223-l","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2063_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saunders A, Macosko EZ, Wysoker A, Goldman M, Krienen FM, de Rivera H, Bien E, Baum M, Bortolin L, Wang S (2018) al Molecular Diversity and Specializations among the Cells of the Adult Mouse Brain. Cell 174:1015\u20131030 e1016 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.028"},{"key":"2063_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scarian E, Viola C, Dragoni F, Di Gerlando R, Rizzo B, Diamanti L, Gagliardi S, Bordoni M, Pansarasa O (2024) New insights into oxidative stress and inflammatory response in neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Mol Sci 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25052698","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052698"},{"key":"2063_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schuster R, Younesi F, Ezzo M, Hinz B (2023) The role of myofibroblasts in physiological and pathological tissue repair. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a041231","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041231"},{"key":"2063_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13882","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2524-13.2013","volume":"33","author":"C Soderblom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soderblom C, Luo X, Blumenthal E, Bray E, Lyapichev K, Ramos J, Krishnan V, Lai-Hsu C, Park KK, Tsoulfas Pet al et al (2013) Perivascular fibroblasts form the fibrotic Scar after contusive spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 33:13882\u201313887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2524-13.2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2063_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219907","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1219907","volume":"14","author":"H Steele","year":"2023","unstructured":"Steele H, Cheng J, Willicut A, Dell G, Breckenridge J, Culberson E, Ghastine A, Tardif V, Herro R (2023) TNF superfamily control of tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Front Immunol 14:1219907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1219907","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2063_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.118","volume":"10","author":"E Stephenson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stephenson E, Nathoo N, Mahjoub Y, Dunn JF, Yong VW (2014) Iron in multiple sclerosis: roles in neurodegeneration and repair. Nat Rev Neurol 10:459\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.118","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2063_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa275","volume":"143","author":"M Sucksdorff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sucksdorff M, Matilainen M, Tuisku J, Polvinen E, Vuorimaa A, Rokka J, Nylund M, Rissanen E, Airas L (2020) Brain TSPO-PET predicts later disease progression independent of relapses in multiple sclerosis. Brain 143:3318\u20133330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awaa275","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2063_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.09.045","volume":"138","author":"T Tabib","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tabib T, Morse C, Wang T, Chen W, Lafyatis R (2018) SFRP2\/DPP4 and FMO1\/LSP1 define major fibroblast populations in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 138:802\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2017.09.045","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2063_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Takashima Y, Yamamoto S, Okuno N, Hamashima T, Dang ST, Tran ND, Okita N, Miwa F, Dang TC Matsuo M (2023) PDGF receptor signal mediates the contribution of Nestin-positive cell lineage to subcutaneous fat development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 658: 27\u201335 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.03.052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.03.052"},{"key":"2063_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.02.028","volume":"177","author":"S Uderhardt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uderhardt S, Martins AJ, Tsang JS, Lammermann T, Germain RN (2019) Resident macrophages cloak tissue microlesions to prevent Neutrophil-Driven inflammatory damage. Cell 177:541\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2019.02.028. e517","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2063_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02293-4","volume":"141","author":"L van Olst","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Olst L, Rodriguez-Mogeda C, Picon C, Kiljan S, James RE, Kamermans A, van der Pol SMA, Knoop L, Michailidou I, Drost Eet al et al (2021) Meningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis induces phenotypic changes in cortical microglia that differentially associate with neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol 141:881\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-021-02293-4","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2063_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vanlandewijck M, He L, Mae MA, Andrae J, Ando K, Del Gaudio F, Nahar K, Lebouvier T, Lavina B, Gouveia L et al (2018) A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature. Nature 554:475\u2013480 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature25739","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25739"},{"key":"2063_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.102376","volume":"141","author":"X Varelas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Varelas X (2014) The Hippo pathway effectors TAZ and YAP in development, homeostasis and disease. Development 141:1614\u20131626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.102376","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2063_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1943","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216203110","volume":"110","author":"T Walchli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walchli T, Pernet V, Weinmann O, Shiu JY, Guzik-Kornacka A, Decrey G, Yuksel D, Schneider H, Vogel J, Ingber DE al (2013) Nogo-A is a negative regulator of CNS angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:E1943\u20131952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1216203110","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2063_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2277","volume":"214","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wynn TA (2008) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. J Pathol 214:199\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.2277","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2063_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90558","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.90558","volume":"1","author":"Y Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu Y, Mizuno T, Sridharan A, Du Y, Guo M, Tang J, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Perl AT, Funari VA, Gokey JJet al et al (2016) Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies diverse roles of epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 1:e90558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.90558","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2063_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104674","volume":"134","author":"SL Yahn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yahn SL, Li J, Goo I, Gao H, Brambilla R, Lee JK (2020) Fibrotic Scar after experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis inhibits oligodendrocyte differentiation. Neurobiol Dis 134:104674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104674","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2063_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1159\/000495594","volume":"51","author":"K Yamada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamada K, Hamashima T, Ishii Y, Yamamoto S, Okuno N, Yoshida N, Yamada M, Huang TT, Shioda N, Tomihara Ket al et al (2018) Different PDGF receptor dimers drive distinct migration modes of the mouse skin fibroblast. Cell Physiol Biochem 51:1461\u20131479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000495594","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2063_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15983","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507961102","volume":"102","author":"S Yamamoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yamamoto S, Yoshino I, Shimazaki T, Murohashi M, Hevner RF, Lax I, Okano H, Shibuya M, Schlessinger J, Gotoh N (2005) Essential role of Shp2-binding sites on FRS2alpha for corticogenesis and for FGF2-dependent proliferation of neural progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:15983\u201315988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0507961102","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2063_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yamamoto S, Muramatsu M, Azuma E, Ikutani M, Nagai Y, Sagara H, Koo BN, Kita S, O\u2019Donnell E, Osawa T et al (2017) A subset of cerebrovascular pericytes originates from mature macrophages in the very early phase of vascular development in CNS. Sci Rep-Uk 7:ARTN 3855 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-03994-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03994-1"},{"key":"2063_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13263","volume":"25","author":"T Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang T, Guo R, Zhang F (2019) Brain perivascular macrophages: recent advances and implications in health and diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 25:1318\u20131328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.13263","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"2063_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-022-00223-9","volume":"42","author":"F Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao F, Luo Y, Liu YC, Chen YH, Li YT, Hu XY, You XY, Yu SS, Li ZY, Chen L al (2022) Imatinib inhibits pericyte-fibroblast transition and inflammation and promotes axon regeneration by blocking the PDGF-BB\/PDGFRbeta pathway in spinal cord injury. Inflamm Regen 42:44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41232-022-00223-9","journal-title":"Inflamm Regen"},{"key":"2063_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90222-k","volume":"64","author":"HJ Yeh","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yeh HJ, Ruit KG, Wang YX, Parks WC, Snider WD, Deuel TF (1991) PDGF A-chain gene is expressed by mammalian neurons during development and in maturity. Cell 64:209\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90222-k","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2063_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yoshida N, Yamamoto S, Hamashima T, Okuno N, Okita N, Horikawa S, Hayashi M, Dang TC, Nguyen QL, Nishiyama Ket al et al (2021) Dysregulation of Amphiregulin stimulates the pathogenesis of cystic lymphangioma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2019580118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2019580118"},{"key":"2063_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-021-00186-3","volume":"42","author":"Y Yoshimatsu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yoshimatsu Y, Watabe T (2022) Emerging roles of inflammation-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition in health and disease. Inflamm Regen 42:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41232-021-00186-3","journal-title":"Inflamm Regen"},{"key":"2063_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00716-0","volume":"25","author":"FS Younesi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Younesi FS, Miller AE, Barker TH, Rossi FMV, Hinz B (2024) Fibroblast and myofibroblast activation in normal tissue repair and fibrosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 25:617\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-024-00716-0","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2063_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.052","volume":"158","author":"TJ Yuen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yuen TJ, Silbereis JC, Griveau A, Chang SM, Daneman R, Fancy SPJ, Zahed H, Maltepe E, Rowitch DH (2014) Oligodendrocyte-encoded HIF function couples postnatal myelination and white matter angiogenesis. Cell 158:383\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.052","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2063_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2336","volume":"9","author":"S Zacchigna","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zacchigna S, Lambrechts D, Carmeliet P (2008) Neurovascular signalling defects in neurodegeneration. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:169\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2336","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2063_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou X, Franklin RA, Adler M, Jacox JB, Bailis W, Shyer JA, Flavell RA, Mayo A, Alon U, Medzhitov R (2018) Circuit Design Features of a Stable Two-Cell System. Cell 172:744\u2013757 e717 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.015"},{"key":"2063_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou L, Shao CY, Xie YJ, Wang N, Xu SM, Luo BY, Wu ZY, Ke YH, Qiu M, Shen Y (2020) Gab1 mediates PDGF signaling and is essential to oligodendrocyte differentiation and CNS myelination. Elife 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.52056","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52056"},{"key":"2063_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2205360119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2205360119","volume":"119","author":"X Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou X, Franklin RA, Adler M, Carter TS, Condiff E, Adams TS, Pope SD, Philip NH, Meizlish ML, Kaminski Net al et al (2022) Microenvironmental sensing by fibroblasts controls macrophage population size. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 119:e2205360119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2205360119","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2063_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-016-9509-6","volume":"19","author":"ME Ziegler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ziegler ME, Hatch MM, Wu N, Muawad SA, Hughes CC (2016) mTORC2 mediates CXCL12-induced angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 19:359\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10456-016-9509-6","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"2063_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx113","volume":"140","author":"T Zrzavy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zrzavy T, Hametner S, Wimmer I, Butovsky O, Weiner HL, Lassmann H (2017) Loss of \u2018homeostatic\u2019 microglia and patterns of their activation in active multiple sclerosis. Brain 140:1900\u20131913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx113","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropathologica Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40478-025-02063-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40478-025-02063-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40478-025-02063-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T06:33:09Z","timestamp":1751610789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40478-025-02063-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-025-02063-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-5960"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-5960","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with guidelines laid out by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Toyama (University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama City, Japan). All study protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Toyama.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors agree with publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"145"}}