{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:28:35Z","timestamp":1786973315588,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":68,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Centre, Poland","award":["2020\/39\/I\/NZ4\/01031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/39\/I\/NZ4\/01031"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["acta neuropathol commun"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-026-02340-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:04:40Z","timestamp":1781111080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Soluble \u03b1-synuclein oligomers drive transient corticostriatal pathology and delayed nigral vulnerability in a mouse model of early \u03b1-synucleinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Wilkaniec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz A.","family":"Czapski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Cie\u015blik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Olech-Kocha\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Gawinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Bielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva D.","family":"Ruiz-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Babiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Strawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"W\u00f3jcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Culmsee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6867-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Adamczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2340_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.107042","volume":"125","author":"D Arnaldi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arnaldi D, Iranzo A, Nobili F, Postuma RB, Videnovic A (2024) Developing disease-modifying interventions in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and early synucleinopathy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 125:107042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.107042","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2340_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01105-7","volume":"18","author":"C Arshadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arshadi C, G\u00fcnther U, Eddison M, Harrington KIS, Ferreira TA (2021) SNT: a unifying toolbox for quantification of neuronal anatomy. Nat Methods 18:374\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41592-021-01105-7","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2340_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13071088","volume":"13","author":"L Babiec","year":"2023","unstructured":"Babiec L, Wilkaniec A, Matuszewska M, Pa\u0142asz E, Cie\u015blik M, Adamczyk A (2023) Alterations of purinergic receptors levels and their involvement in the glial cell morphology in a pre-clinical model of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Brain Sci 13:1088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci13071088","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2340_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/53415","author":"R Bandopadhyay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bandopadhyay R (2016) Sequential extraction of soluble and insoluble alpha-synuclein from Parkinsonian brains. J Vis Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/53415","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2340_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-01075-z","volume":"11","author":"L Bellingacci","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bellingacci L, Sciaccaluga M, Megaro A, Cardinale A, Canonichesi J, De Carluccio M, Mastrantonio R, Costa C, Di Filippo M, Usiello A, Viscomi MT, Calabresi P, Tozzi A (2025) Oligomeric alpha-synuclein causes early synaptic dysfunction of the corticostriatal pathway associated with non-motor symptoms. npj Park Dis 11:220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-025-01075-z","journal-title":"npj Park Dis"},{"key":"2340_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)00169-h","volume":"58","author":"JA Bertelli","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bertelli JA, Mira JC (1995) The grasping test: a simple behavioral method for objective quantitative assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat. J Neurosci Methods 58:151\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-0270(94)00169-h","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2340_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228535","volume":"21","author":"L Boi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boi L, Pisanu A, Palmas MF, Fusco G, Carboni E, Casu MA, Satta V, Scherma M, Janda E, Mocci I, Mulas G, Ena A, Spiga S, Fadda P, De Simone A, Carta AR (2020) Modeling Parkinson\u2019s Disease neuropathology and symptoms by intranigral inoculation of preformed human \u03b1-Synuclein oligomers. Int J Mol Sci 21:8535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21228535","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2340_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2017.04.001","volume":"40","author":"HDE Booth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Booth HDE, Hirst WD, Wade-Martins R (2017) The role of astrocyte dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s Disease pathogenesis. Trends Neurosci 40:358\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2017.04.001","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202481","volume":"11","author":"P Borghammer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borghammer P (2021) The \u03b1-Synuclein Origin and Connectome Model (SOC Model) of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: explaining motor asymmetry, non-motor phenotypes, and cognitive decline. J Parkinsons Dis 11:455\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-202481","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"2340_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bridi JC, Bereczki E, Smith SK, Po\u00e7as GM, Kottler B, Domingos PM, Elliott CJ, Aarsland D, Hirth F (2020) Presynaptic accumulation of \u03b1-synuclein causes synaptopathy and progressive neurodegeneration. 2020.10.12.335778","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.12.335778"},{"key":"2340_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00080","volume":"12","author":"JC Bridi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bridi JC, Hirth F (2018) Mechanisms of \u03b1-Synuclein induced synaptopathy in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Front Neurosci 12:80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00080","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05672-9","volume":"14","author":"P Calabresi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calabresi P, Mechelli A, Natale G, Volpicelli-Daley L, Di Lazzaro G, Ghiglieri V (2023) Alpha-synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other synucleinopathies: from overt neurodegeneration back to early synaptic dysfunction. Cell Death Dis 14:176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-023-05672-9","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2340_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15119-w","volume":"11","author":"I Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi I, Zhang Y, Seegobin SP, Pruvost M, Wang Q, Purtell K, Zhang B, Yue Z (2020) Microglia clear neuron-released \u03b1-synuclein via selective autophagy and prevent neurodegeneration. Nat Commun 11:1386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-15119-w","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2340_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.11.016","volume":"82","author":"AA Coley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coley AA, Gao W-J (2018) PSD95: a synaptic protein implicated in schizophrenia or autism? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 82:187\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.11.016","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2340_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conod P, Charlesworth N, Palmowski P, Porter A, Walker L, El-Agnaf O, Korolchuk V, Outeiro TF, Erskine D (2023) Autophagic cargo in Lewy bodies: are Lewy bodies a compartment for spatial protein quality control? 2023.09.24.559164","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.09.24.559164"},{"key":"2340_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810058","volume":"22","author":"GA Czapski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Czapski GA, Babiec L, J\u0119\u015bko H, G\u0105ssowska-Dobrowolska M, Cie\u015blik M, Matuszewska M, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Zajdel K, Adamczyk A (2021) Synaptic alterations in a transgenic model of tuberous sclerosis complex: relevance to autism spectrum disorders. Int J Mol Sci 22:10058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms221810058","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2340_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13010","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903691106","volume":"106","author":"P Desplats","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desplats P, Lee H-J, Bae E-J, Patrick C, Rockenstein E, Crews L, Spencer B, Masliah E, Lee S-J (2009) Inclusion formation and neuronal cell death through neuron-to-neuron transmission of alpha-synuclein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:13010\u201313015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0903691106","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2340_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2017.02.014","volume":"108","author":"A Dominiak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dominiak A, Wilkaniec A, J\u0119\u015bko H, Czapski GA, Lenkiewicz AM, Kurek E, Wroczy\u0144ski P, Adamczyk A (2017) Selol, an organic selenium donor, prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in the rat brain. Neurochem Int 108:66\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2017.02.014","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"2340_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8645","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228645","volume":"21","author":"X-Y Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du X-Y, Xie X-X, Liu R-T (2020) The role of \u03b1-Synuclein oligomers in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 21:8645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21228645","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2340_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.915","volume":"8","author":"S Ekmark-Lew\u00e9n","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ekmark-Lew\u00e9n S, Lindstr\u00f6m V, Gumucio A, Ihse E, Behere A, Kahle PJ, Nordstr\u00f6m E, Eriksson M, Erlandsson A, Bergstr\u00f6m J, Ingelsson M (2018) Early fine motor impairment and behavioral dysfunction in (Thy-1)-h[A30P] alpha-synuclein mice. Brain Behav 8:e00915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.915","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"2340_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33252-6","volume":"13","author":"D Emin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Emin D, Zhang YP, Lobanova E, Miller A, Li X, Xia Z, Dakin H, Sideris DI, Lam JYL, Ranasinghe RT, Kouli A, Zhao Y, De S, Knowles TPJ, Vendruscolo M, Ruggeri FS, Aigbirhio FI, Williams-Gray CH, Klenerman D (2022) Small soluble \u03b1-synuclein aggregates are the toxic species in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Commun 13:5512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-33252-6","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2340_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.05.032","volume":"135","author":"A Ennaceur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ennaceur A (2014) Tests of unconditioned anxiety\u2014pitfalls and disappointments. Physiol Behav 135:55\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.05.032","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2340_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(88)90157-x","volume":"31","author":"A Ennaceur","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ennaceur A, Delacour J (1988) A new one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in rats. 1: behavioral data. Behav Brain Res 31:47\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0166-4328(88)90157-x","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"2340_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03193146","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2340_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1152065","volume":"15","author":"E Ferrari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferrari E, Salvad\u00e8 M, Zianni E, Brumana M, DiLuca M, Gardoni F (2023) Detrimental effects of soluble \u03b1-synuclein oligomers at excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Front Aging Neurosci 15:1152065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1152065","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9434","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3080-04.2004","volume":"24","author":"SM Fleming","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fleming SM, Salcedo J, Fernagut P-O, Rockenstein E, Masliah E, Levine MS, Chesselet M-F (2004) Early and progressive sensorimotor anomalies in mice overexpressing wild-type human alpha-synuclein. J Neurosci 24:9434\u20139440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3080-04.2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26624","volume":"31","author":"G Forloni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forloni G, Artuso V, La Vitola P, Balducci C (2016) Oligomeropathies and pathogenesis of Alzheimer and Parkinson\u2019s diseases. Mov Disord 31:771\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26624","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2340_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23747","volume":"72","author":"EC Freundt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Freundt EC, Maynard N, Clancy EK, Roy S, Bousset L, Sourigues Y, Covert M, Melki R, Kirkegaard K, Brahic M (2012) Neuron-to-neuron transmission of \u03b1-synuclein fibrils through axonal transport. Ann Neurol 72:517\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.23747","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2340_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01711-w","volume":"12","author":"I Frigerio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frigerio I, Bouwman MMA, Noordermeer RTGMM, Podobnik E, Popovic M, Timmermans E, Rozemuller AJM, van de Berg WDJ, Jonkman LE (2024) Regional differences in synaptic degeneration are linked to alpha-synuclein burden and axonal damage in Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 12:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-023-01711-w","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"2340_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24149","volume":"70","author":"P Garcia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garcia P, J\u00fcrgens-Wemheuer W, Uriarte Huarte O, Michelucci A, Masuch A, Brioschi S, Weihofen A, Koncina E, Coowar D, Heurtaux T, Glaab E, Balling R, Sousa C, Kaoma T, Nicot N, Pfander T, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Allouche A, Fischer N, Biber K, Kleine-Borgmann F, Mittelbronn M, Ostaszewski M, Schmit KJ, Buttini M (2022) Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are linked, but independent of alpha-synuclein inclusions, in a seeding\/spreading mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Glia 70:935\u2013960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.24149","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2340_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.626128","volume":"15","author":"NZ Gcwensa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gcwensa NZ, Russell DL, Cowell RM, Volpicelli-Daley LA (2021) Molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic and axon degeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Cell Neurosci 15:626128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.626128","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113641","volume":"34","author":"CR Gerfen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gerfen CR, Surmeier DJ (2011) Modulation of striatal projection systems by dopamine. Annu Rev Neurosci 34:441\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113641","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4222","volume":"19","author":"K Grabert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grabert K, Michoel T, Karavolos MH, Clohisey S, Baillie JK, Stevens MP, Freeman TC, Summers KM, McColl BW (2016) Microglial brain region-dependent diversity and selective regional sensitivities to aging. Nat Neurosci 19:504\u2013516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4222","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10071743","volume":"10","author":"BA Gutierrez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gutierrez BA, Limon A (2022) Synaptic disruption by soluble oligomers in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Biomedicines 10:1743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10071743","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2340_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.5.653","volume":"64","author":"LA Hansen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hansen LA, Daniel SE, Wilcock GK, Love S (1998) Frontal cortical synaptophysin in Lewy body diseases: relation to Alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64:653\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.64.5.653","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2340_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00368-6","volume":"15","author":"BA Hijaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hijaz BA, Volpicelli-Daley LA (2020) Initiation and propagation of \u03b1-synuclein aggregation in the nervous system. Mol Neurodegener 15:19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-020-00368-6","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"2340_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-201965","volume":"10","author":"R Kayed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kayed R, Dettmer U, Lesn\u00e9 SE (2020) Soluble endogenous oligomeric \u03b1-synuclein species in neurodegenerative diseases: expression, spreading, and cross-talk. J Parkinsons Dis 10:791\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-201965","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"2340_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00401-4","volume":"13","author":"E Leandrou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leandrou E, Chalatsa I, Anagnostou D, Machalia C, Semitekolou M, Filippa V, Makridakis M, Vlahou A, Anastasiadou E, Vekrellis K, Emmanouilidou E (2024) \u03b1-Synuclein oligomers potentiate neuroinflammatory NF-\u03baB activity and induce Cav3.2 calcium signaling in astrocytes. Transl Neurodegener 13:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-024-00401-4","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"2340_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03318-x","volume":"22","author":"FS Leser","year":"2025","unstructured":"Leser FS, J\u00fanyor FdeS, Pagnoncelli IB, Delgado AB, Medeiros I, N\u00f3brega ACC, Andrade BdaS, de Lima MN, da Silva NE, Jacob L, Boy\u00e9 K, Geraldo LHM, de Souza AMT, Maron-Gutierrez T, Castro-Faria-Neto H, Follmer C, Braga C, Neves GA, Eichmann A, Rom\u00e3o LF, Lima FRS (2025) CCL21-CCR7 blockade prevents neuroinflammation and degeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease models. J Neuroinflammation 22:31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-024-03318-x","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2340_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-018-0075-x","volume":"28","author":"Y Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhao C, Luo F, Liu Z, Gui X, Luo Z, Zhang X, Li D, Liu C, Li X (2018) Amyloid fibril structure of \u03b1-synuclein determined by cryo-electron microscopy. Cell Res 28:897\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41422-018-0075-x","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"2340_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","volume":"541","author":"SA Liddelow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liddelow SA, Guttenplan KA, Clarke LE, Bennett FC, Bohlen CJ, Schirmer L, Bennett ML, M\u00fcnch AE, Chung W-S, Peterson TC, Wilton DK, Frouin A, Napier BA, Panicker N, Kumar M, Buckwalter MS, Rowitch DH, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Stevens B, Barres BA (2017) Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature 541:481\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature21029","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2340_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5012129","volume":"2017","author":"F Longhena","year":"2017","unstructured":"Longhena F, Faustini G, Missale C, Pizzi M, Spano P, Bellucci A (2017) The contribution of \u03b1-synuclein spreading to Parkinson\u2019s disease synaptopathy. Neural Plast 2017:5012129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/5012129","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"2340_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227157","volume":"338","author":"KC Luk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luk KC, Kehm V, Carroll J, Zhang B, O\u2019Brien P, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM-Y (2012) Pathological \u03b1-synuclein transmission initiates Parkinson-like neurodegeneration in nontransgenic mice. Science 338:949\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1227157","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2340_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913904117","volume":"117","author":"A-L Mahul-Mellier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahul-Mellier A-L, Burtscher J, Maharjan N, Weerens L, Croisier M, Kuttler F, Leleu M, Knott GW, Lashuel HA (2020) The process of Lewy body formation, rather than simply \u03b1-synuclein fibrillization, is one of the major drivers of neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117:4971\u20134982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1913904117","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2340_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-01225-3","volume":"12","author":"G Marino","year":"2025","unstructured":"Marino G, Campanelli F, Natale G, De Carluccio M, Servillo F, Nutarelli S, Caristo ME, Viscomi MT, Ghiglieri V, Calabresi P (2025) Backtracking \u03b1-synuclein pathology: social deficits precede motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease. npj Park Dis 12:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-025-01225-3","journal-title":"npj Park Dis"},{"key":"2340_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1177\/38.6.2110586","volume":"38","author":"E Masliah","year":"1990","unstructured":"Masliah E, Terry RD, Alford M, DeTeresa R (1990) Quantitative immunohistochemistry of synaptophysin in human neocortex: an alternative method to estimate density of presynaptic terminals in paraffin sections. J Histochem Cytochem 38:837\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/38.6.2110586","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"2340_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27607","volume":"34","author":"DE Mor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mor DE, Daniels MJ, Ischiropoulos H (2019) The usual suspects, dopamine and alpha-synuclein, conspire to cause neurodegeneration. Mov Disord 34:167\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.27607","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2340_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6745","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186745","volume":"21","author":"F Murgia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murgia F, Atzori L, Carboni E, Santoru ML, Hendren A, Pisanu A, Caboni P, Boi L, Fusco G, Carta AR (2020) Metabolomics fingerprint induced by the intranigral inoculation of exogenous human Alpha-Synuclein oligomers in a rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci 21:6745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21186745","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2340_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020986","author":"K Nordengen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nordengen K, Morland C (2024) From synaptic physiology to synaptic pathology: the enigma of \u03b1-synuclein. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25020986","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2340_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/55491","author":"KJ Osmon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Osmon KJ, Vyas M, Woodley E, Thompson P, Walia JS (2018) Battery of behavioral tests assessing general locomotion, muscular strength, and coordination in mice. J Vis Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/55491","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2340_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00297","volume":"3","author":"C Pacheco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pacheco C, Aguayo LG, Opazo C (2012) An extracellular mechanism that can explain the neurotoxic effects of \u03b1-synuclein aggregates in the brain. Front Physiol 3:297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2012.00297","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2340_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13060","volume":"132","author":"CR Pacheco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pacheco CR, Morales CN, Ram\u00edrez AE, Mu\u00f1oz FJ, Gallegos SS, Caviedes PA, Aguayo LG, Opazo CM (2015) Extracellular \u03b1-synuclein alters synaptic transmission in brain neurons by perforating the neuronal plasma membrane. J Neurochem 132:731\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.13060","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2340_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172628","volume":"11","author":"MF Palmas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Palmas MF, Etzi M, Pisanu A, Camoglio C, Sagheddu C, Santoni M, Manchinu MF, Pala M, Fusco G, De Simone A, Picci L, Mulas G, Spiga S, Scherma M, Fadda P, Pistis M, Simola N, Carboni E, Carta AR (2022) The intranigral infusion of Human-Alpha Synuclein oligomers induces a cognitive impairment in rats associated with changes in neuronal firing and neuroinflammation in the anterior cingulate cortex. Cells 11:2628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11172628","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2340_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06724-9","volume":"7","author":"J-A Phan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Phan J-A, Stokholm K, Zareba-Paslawska J, Jakobsen S, Vang K, Gjedde A, Landau AM, Romero-Ramos M (2017) Early synaptic dysfunction induced by \u03b1-synuclein in a rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci Rep 7:6363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-06724-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2340_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-01201-x","volume":"11","author":"R Rodriguez-Aller","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Aller R, Romero-Quineche B, Morissette M, Sheta R, Di Paolo T, Saghatelyan A, Oueslati A (2025) Optogenetic-induced \u03b1-synuclein accumulation reveals early synaptic dysfunction in experimental models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. npj Park Dis 11:356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-025-01201-x","journal-title":"npj Park Dis"},{"key":"2340_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010360","author":"K Saramowicz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saramowicz K, Siwecka N, Galita G, Kucharska-Lusina A, Rozp\u0119dek-Kami\u0144ska W, Majsterek I (2023) Alpha-synuclein contribution to neuronal and glial damage in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25010360","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2340_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","volume":"9","author":"J Schindelin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E, Kaynig V, Longair M, Pietzsch T, Preibisch S, Rueden C, Saalfeld S, Schmid B, Tinevez J-Y, White DJ, Hartenstein V, Eliceiri K, Tomancak P, Cardona A (2012) Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat Methods 9:676\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2340_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/52434","author":"ML Seibenhener","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seibenhener ML, Wooten MC (2015) Use of the open field maze to measure locomotor and anxiety-like behavior in mice. J Vis Exp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/52434","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2340_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02816-9","volume":"148","author":"M Shanaki Bavarsad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shanaki Bavarsad M, Spina S, Oehler A, Allen IE, Suemoto CK, Leite REP, Seeley WS, Green A, Jagust W, Rabinovici GD, Grinberg LT (2024) Comprehensive mapping of synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) in health and neurodegenerative diseases: a comparative analysis with synaptophysin and ground truth for PET-imaging interpretation. Acta Neuropathol 148:58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-024-02816-9","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2340_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.11.007","volume":"46","author":"M Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma M, Burr\u00e9 J (2023) \u03b1-Synuclein in synaptic function and dysfunction. Trends Neurosci 46:153\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2022.11.007","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR61","first-page":"387","volume":"87","author":"DA Sholl","year":"1953","unstructured":"Sholl DA (1953) Dendritic organization in the neurons of the visual and motor cortices of the cat. J Anat 87:387\u2013406","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"2340_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)60513-7","volume":"264","author":"S Shpungin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Shpungin S, Dotan I, Abo A, Pick E (1989) Activation of the superoxide forming NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system by sodium dodecyl sulfate. Absolute lipid dependence of the solubilized enzyme. J Biol Chem 264:9195\u20139203","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2340_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00405-2","volume":"23","author":"T Simuni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Simuni T, Chahine LM, Poston K, Brumm M, Buracchio T, Campbell M, Chowdhury S, Coffey C, Concha-Marambio L, Dam T, DiBiaso P, Foroud T, Frasier M, Gochanour C, Jennings D, Kieburtz K, Kopil CM, Merchant K, Mollenhauer B, Montine T, Nudelman K, Pagano G, Seibyl J, Sherer T, Singleton A, Stephenson D, Stern M, Soto C, Tanner CM, Tolosa E, Weintraub D, Xiao Y, Siderowf A, Dunn B, Marek K (2024) A biological definition of neuronal \u03b1-synuclein disease: towards an integrated staging system for research. Lancet Neurol 23:178\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00405-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2340_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.01.007","volume":"42","author":"C Soto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soto C (2024) \u03b1-Synuclein seed amplification technology for Parkinson\u2019s disease and related synucleinopathies. Trends Biotechnol 42:829\u2013841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.01.007","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"2340_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03469-7","volume":"31","author":"C Soto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soto C, Mollenhauer B, Hansson O, Kang UJ, Alcalay RN, Standaert D, Trenkwalder C, Marek K, Galasko D, Poston K (2025) Toward a biological definition of neuronal and glial synucleinopathies. Nat Med 31:396\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-03469-7","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2340_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.178","volume":"18","author":"DJ Surmeier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Surmeier DJ, Obeso JA, Halliday GM (2017) Selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 18:101\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn.2016.178","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0609-8","volume":"25","author":"Y-L Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan Y-L, Yuan Y, Tian L (2020) Microglial regional heterogeneity and its role in the brain. Mol Psychiatry 25:351\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-019-0609-8","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2340_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13285","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4393-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"S Tydlacka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tydlacka S, Wang C-E, Wang X, Li S, Li X-J (2008) Differential activities of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in neurons versus glia may account for the preferential accumulation of misfolded proteins in neurons. J Neurosci 28:13285\u201313295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4393-08.2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.83.3.482","volume":"83","author":"RN Walsh","year":"1976","unstructured":"Walsh RN, Cummins RA (1976) The open-field test: a critical review. Psychol Bull 83:482\u2013504","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2340_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.017","volume":"74","author":"M Watabe-Uchida","year":"2012","unstructured":"Watabe-Uchida M, Zhu L, Ogawa SK, Vamanrao A, Uchida N (2012) Whole-brain mapping of direct inputs to midbrain dopamine neurons. Neuron 74:858\u2013873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2340_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.05.1719","volume":"8","author":"D Whitfield","year":"2012","unstructured":"Whitfield D, Francis P, Hortob\u00e1gyi T, Vallortigara J (2012) P4\u2013018: Biochemical correlates of clinical symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia. Alzheimers Dement 8:P643\u2013P643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.05.1719","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2340_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.06.015","volume":"35","author":"DR Whitfield","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whitfield DR, Vallortigara J, Alghamdi A, Howlett D, Hortob\u00e1gyi T, Johnson M, Attems J, Newhouse S, Ballard C, Thomas AJ, O\u2019Brien JT, Aarsland D, Francis PT (2014) Assessment of ZnT3 and PSD95 protein levels in Lewy body dementias and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: association with cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 35:2836\u20132844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.06.015","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2340_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-1027-y","volume":"15","author":"A Wilkaniec","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilkaniec A, G\u0105ssowska-Dobrowolska M, Strawski M, Adamczyk A, Czapski GA (2018) Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 affects early neuroinflammatory signalling in murine model of amyloid beta toxicity. J Neuroinflammation 15:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-017-1027-y","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2340_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.591475","volume":"13","author":"A Wilkaniec","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilkaniec A, Lenkiewicz AM, Babiec L, Murawska E, J\u0119\u015bko HM, Cie\u015blik M, Culmsee C, Adamczyk A (2021) Exogenous Alpha-Synuclein evoked Parkin downregulation promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells. Implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 13:591475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.591475","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1082-0","volume":"56","author":"A Wilkaniec","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilkaniec A, Lenkiewicz AM, Czapski GA, J\u0119\u015bko HM, Hilgier W, Brodzik R, G\u0105ssowska-Dobrowolska M, Culmsee C, Adamczyk A (2019) Extracellular Alpha-Synuclein oligomers induce Parkin S-Nitrosylation: relevance to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease etiopathology. Mol Neurobiol 56:125\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-018-1082-0","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2340_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.02.004","volume":"62","author":"A Wilkaniec","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilkaniec A, Strosznajder JB, Adamczyk A (2013) Toxicity of extracellular secreted alpha-synuclein: its role in nitrosative stress and neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 62:776\u2013783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.02.004","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"2340_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416618-9.00013-3","volume":"542","author":"A Wojtala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wojtala A, Bonora M, Malinska D, Pinton P, Duszynski J, Wieckowski MR (2014) Methods to monitor ROS production by fluorescence microscopy and fluorometry. Methods Enzymol 542:243\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-416618-9.00013-3","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"2340_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5080","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0060-19.2019","volume":"39","author":"Q Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Q, Takano H, Riddle DM, Trojanowski JQ, Coulter DA, Lee VM-Y (2019) \u03b1-Synuclein (\u03b1Syn) preformed fibrils induce endogenous \u03b1Syn aggregation, compromise synaptic activity and enhance synapse loss in cultured excitatory Hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 39:5080\u20135094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0060-19.2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2340_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.03.001","volume":"21","author":"W Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu W (2011) PSD-95-like membrane associated guanylate kinases (PSD-MAGUKs) and synaptic plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:306\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2011.03.001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"2340_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0051-5","volume":"24","author":"SP Yun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yun SP, Kam T-I, Panicker N, Kim S, Oh Y, Park J-S, Kwon S-H, Park YJ, Karuppagounder SS, Park H, Kim S, Oh N, Kim NA, Lee S, Brahmachari S, Mao X, Lee JH, Kumar M, An D, Kang S-U, Lee Y, Lee KC, Na DH, Kim D, Lee SH, Roschke VV, Liddelow SA, Mari Z, Barres BA, Dawson VL, Lee S, Dawson TM, Ko HS (2018) Block of A1 astrocyte conversion by microglia is neuroprotective in models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Med 24:931\u2013938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0051-5","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropathologica Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40478-026-02340-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40478-026-02340-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40478-026-02340-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:03:33Z","timestamp":1786971813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40478-026-02340-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-026-02340-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-5960"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-5960","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines and the EU Directive 2010\/63\/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, and were approved by the Local Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments (Warsaw, Poland). The experimental protocol was reviewed and approved by the Local Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments in Warsaw, Poland (approval no. WAW2\/044\/2022; issued on 13.04.2022 and WAW2\/049\/2024; issued on 24.04.2024). All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"168"}}