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However, little is known about the differences in attachment patterns between these diagnostic groups. The aim of this study was to identify clusters of adult attachment style in a cross-diagnostic group of patients with BDP and\/or BD and\/or ADHD and explore the characteristics of these clusters based on temperament profile, childhood trauma and psychiatric diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>K-means cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups, based on the Attachment Style Questionnaire Short Form dimensions, in a clinical cohort of 150 young adults (113 women and 37 men, mean age\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD\u2009=\u200923.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1) diagnosed with BPD, and\/or BD, and\/or ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three distinct clusters were identified: a\n                      <jats:italic>secure<\/jats:italic>\n                      , an\n                      <jats:italic>insecure\/avoidant-anxious<\/jats:italic>\n                      and an\n                      <jats:italic>insecure\/avoidant<\/jats:italic>\n                      cluster. These three clusters differed in temperament profile and related psychiatric diagnoses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The three clusters of attachment in individuals with BPD, BD and\/or ADHD could support differentiation between the disorders as well provide information usable for planning of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-024-00271-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T09:25:08Z","timestamp":1730280308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A cluster analysis of attachment styles in patients with borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder and ADHD"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Kouros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Isaksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Ekselius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ramklint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"271_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ainsworth MDS, Blehar MC, Waters E, Wall SN. 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