{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:40:18Z","timestamp":1780483218702,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]],"date-time":"2017-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prog Orthod."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-017-0195-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T11:35:04Z","timestamp":1510054504000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A review of biomarkers in peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid (PMICF)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Avinash","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Om P.","family":"Kharbanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kalyanasundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"195_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migliorati M, Drago S, Gallo F, Amorfini L, Dalessandri D, Calzolari C, Benedicenti S, Silvestrini-Biavati A. Immediate versus delayed loading: comparison of primary stability loss after miniscrew placement in orthodontic patients-a single-centre blinded randomized clinical trial. Eur J Orthod. 2016;38(6):652\u201359.","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjv095"},{"issue":"4","key":"195_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.10.021","volume":"141","author":"SB Shank","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shank SB, Beck FM, D\u2019Atri AM, Huja SS. Bone damage associated with orthodontic placement of miniscrew implants in an animal model. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2012;141(4):412\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.08.017","volume":"135","author":"Y Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen Y, Kyung HM, Zhao WT, Yu WJ. Critical factors for the success of orthodontic mini-implants: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2009;135(3):284\u201391.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"195_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402012000400019","volume":"23","author":"AOA Freitas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Freitas AOA, Alviano CS, Alviano DS, Siqueira JF, Nojima LI, Nojima Mda CG. Microbial colonization in orthodontic mini-implants. Braz Dent J. 2012;23:422\u20137.","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-014-0030-4","volume":"15","author":"N Monga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Monga N, Chaurasia S, Kharbanda OP, Duggal R, Rajeswari MR. A study of interleukin 1beta levels in peri-miniscrew crevicular fluid (PMCF). Prog Orthod. 2014;15(1):30.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-014-0065-6","volume":"15","author":"P Kapoor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kapoor P, Kharbanda OP, Monga N, Miglani R, Kapila S. Effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival crevicular fluid: a systematic review. Prog Orthod. 2014;15(1):65\u201386.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"195_CR7","unstructured":"Nagamatsu J. Bone response to orthodontic miniscrew placement: an in vivo study [Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis]. Saint Louis University; 2008 [cited 2016 Feb 23]. Available from: https:\/\/www.slu.edu\/Documents\/cade\/thesis\/Nagamatsu_Thesis.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"195_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2010.02024.x","volume":"22","author":"PM Bartold","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bartold PM, Kuliwaba JS, Lee V, Shah S, Marino V, Fazzalari NL. Influence of surface roughness and shape on microdamage of the osseous surface adjacent to titanium dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(6):613\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(83)90174-9","volume":"50","author":"AR Eriksson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eriksson AR, Albrektsson T. Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone tissue injury: a vital-microscopic study in the rabbit. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;50(1):101\u20137.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3109\/02844318409052849","volume":"18","author":"RA Eriksson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Eriksson RA, Albrektsson T, Magnusson B. Assessment of bone viability after heat trauma. A histological, histochemical and vital microscopic study in the rabbit. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1984;18(3):261\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"195_CR11","series-title":"Craniofacial growth series","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Anecdote, expertise and evidence: applying new knowledge to everyday orthodontics","author":"OP Kharbanda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kharbanda OP, Kapoor PMR. Peri-miniscrew biomarkers as indicators for miniscrew stability or failure. In: Kapila SD, KWL V, Huang GJE, editors. Anecdote, expertise and evidence: applying new knowledge to everyday orthodontics, Craniofacial growth series. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan; 2017. p. 69\u201392."},{"issue":"6776","key":"195_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/35006081","volume":"404","author":"EM El-Omar","year":"2000","unstructured":"El-Omar EM, Carrington M, Wong-Ho C, McColl KEL, et al. Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Nature. 2000;404(6776):398.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5941","key":"195_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/306378a0","volume":"306","author":"M Gowen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gowen M, Wood DD, Ihrie EJ, McGuire MK, Russell RG. An interleukin 1 like factor stimulates bone resorption in vitro. Nature. 1983;306(5941):378\u201380.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"195_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2851","volume":"10","author":"T-D Kanneganti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kanneganti T-D. Central roles of NLRs and inflammasomes in viral infection. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10(10):688\u201398.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"195_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1999.0448","volume":"11","author":"L Yi-June","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yi-June L, Cheing-Meei L, Man-Ying W, Lein-Tuan H, Wei-Kuei C. Interleukin 1\u03b2-secreting cells in inflamed gingival tissue of adult periodontitis patients. Cytokine. 1999;11(8):626\u201333.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"6","key":"195_CR16","first-page":"696","volume":"10","author":"RT Kao","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kao RT, Curtis DA, Richards DW, Preble J. Increased interleukin-1 beta in the crevicular fluid of diseased implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10(6):696\u2013701.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"6","key":"195_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.2319\/100506-405.1","volume":"77","author":"E Sari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sari E, U\u00e7ar C. Interleukin 1beta levels around microscrew implants during orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 2007;77(6):1073\u20138.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"issue":"4","key":"195_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114265","volume":"84","author":"M Baggiolini","year":"1989","unstructured":"Baggiolini M, Walz A, Kunkel SL. Neutrophil-activating peptide-1\/interleukin 8, a novel cytokine that activates neutrophils. J Clin Invest. 1989;84(4):1045\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"195_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00508.x","volume":"31","author":"M Wilson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wilson M, Reddi K, Henderson B. Cytokine-inducing components of periodontopathogenic bacteria. J Periodontal Res. 1996;31(6):393\u2013407.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"195_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.290701.x","volume":"29","author":"RM Scarel-Caminaga","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scarel-Caminaga RM, Trevilatto PC, Souza AP, Brito RB, Line SRP. Investigation of an IL-2 polymorphism in patients with different levels of chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2002;29(7):587\u201391.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.08.018","volume":"130","author":"O Dienz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dienz O, Rincon M. The effects of IL-6 on CD4 T cell responses. Clin Immunol. 2009;130(1):27\u201333.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"195_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.10.3297","volume":"145","author":"Y Ishimi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ishimi Y, Miyaura C, Jin CH, Akatsu T, Abe E, Nakamura Y, et al. IL-6 is produced by osteoblasts and induces bone resorption. J Immunol. 1990;145(10):3297\u2013303.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"195_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1991.tb02072.x","volume":"26","author":"PM Bartold","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bartold PM, Haynes DR. Interleukin-6 production by human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res. 1991;26(4):339\u201345.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"195_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.5.559","volume":"56","author":"A Harada","year":"1994","unstructured":"Harada A, Sekido N, Akahoshi T, Wada T, Mukaida N, Matsushima K. Essential involvement of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in acute inflammation. J Leukoc Biol. 1994;56(5):559\u201364.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090358","volume":"81","author":"I Venza","year":"2010","unstructured":"Venza I, Visalli M, Cucinotta M, De Grazia G, Teti D, Venza M. Proinflammatory gene expression at chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis sites in patients with or without type 2 diabetes. J Periodontol. 2010;81(1):99\u2013108.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"195_CR26","first-page":"631","volume":"75","author":"BB Tuncer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tuncer BB, \u00d6zmeri\u00e7 N, Tuncer C, Teoman I, \u00c7akilci B, Y\u00fccel A, et al. Levels of interleukin-8 during tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(4):631\u20136.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr019","volume":"34","author":"N Hamamci","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamamci N, Acun Kaya F, Uysal E, Yokucs B. Identification of interleukin 2, 6, and 8 levels around miniscrews during orthodontic tooth movement. Eur J Orthod. 2011;34(3):357\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2011.41.1.36","volume":"41","author":"FA Kaya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaya FA, Hamamci N, Uysal E, Yoku\u015f B. Identification of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 levels around miniscrews during canine distalization. Korean J Orthod. 2011;41(1):36\u201341.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"195_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70052-8","volume":"108","author":"JJ Lowney","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lowney JJ, Norton LA, Shafer DM, Rossomando EF. Orthodontic forces increase tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 in the human gingival sulcus. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1995;108(5):519\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"195_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01224.x","volume":"35","author":"G Schierano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schierano G, Pejrone G, Brusco P, Trombetta A, Martinasso G, Preti G, et al. TNF-\u03b1, TGF-\u03b22 and IL-1\u03b2 levels in gingival and peri-implant crevicular fluid before and after de novo plaque accumulation. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35(6):532\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0146544","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146544","volume":"11","author":"Y Kuroda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuroda Y, Maruyama K, Fujii H, Sugawara I, Ko SBH, Yasuda H, et al. Osteoprotegerin regulates pancreatic \u03b2-cell homeostasis upon microbial invasion. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0146544.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00699.x","volume":"39","author":"T Ogasawara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ogasawara T, Yoshimine Y, Kiyoshima T, Kobayashi I, Matsuo K, Akamine A, et al. In situ expression of RANKL, RANK, osteoprotegerin and cytokines in osteoclasts of rat periodontal tissue. J Periodontal Res. 2004;39(1):42\u20139.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"195_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60865-2","volume":"61","author":"G Van Kooten","year":"1996","unstructured":"Van Kooten G, Banchereau J. CD40-CD40 ligand: a multifunctional receptor-ligand pair. Adv Immunol. 1996;61:1\u201378.","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"195_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.02.028","volume":"144","author":"S Enhos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Enhos S, Veli I, Cakmak O, Ucar FI, Alkan A, Uysal T. OPG and RANKL levels around miniscrew implants during orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2013;144(2):203\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2005.004","volume":"149","author":"V Simanek","year":"2005","unstructured":"Simanek V, Kren V, Ulrichov\u00e1 J, Gallo J. The efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis: are these saccharides drugs or nutraceuticals. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2005;149(1):51\u20136.","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub"},{"issue":"5","key":"195_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(94)90165-1","volume":"39","author":"RJ Waddington","year":"1994","unstructured":"Waddington RJ, Embery G, Samuels RHA. Characterization of proteoglycan metabolites in human gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39(5):361\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1993.040304.x","volume":"4","author":"J-I Smedberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Smedberg J-I, Beck CB, Embery G. Glycosaminoglycans in peri-implant sulcus fluid from implants supporting fixed or removable prostheses. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1993;4(3):137\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR38","first-page":"58","volume":"10","author":"KS Last","year":"1995","unstructured":"Last KS, Smith S, Pender N. Monitoring of IMZ titanium endosseous dental implants by glycosaminoglycan analysis of peri-implant sulcus fluid. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1995;10(1):58\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2001.012003202.x","volume":"12","author":"B Johansson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Johansson B, Smedberg J-I, Langley M, Embery G. Glycosaminoglycans in peri-implant sulcus fluid from implants placed in sinus-inlay bone grafts. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001;12(3):202\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"195_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjp056","volume":"32","author":"I Intachai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Intachai I, Krisanaprakornkit S, Kongtawelert P, Ong-Chai S, Buranastidporn B, Suzuki EY, et al. Chondroitin sulphate (WF6 epitope) levels in peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid during orthodontic loading. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32(1):60\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"195_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Billingham MEJ. Cytokines as inflammatory mediators. Br Med Bull. 1987;43(2):350\u201370.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072187"},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.110809","volume":"119","author":"N Alhashimi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alhashimi N, Frithiof L, Brudvik P, Bakhiet M. Orthodontic tooth movement and de novo synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2001;119(3):307\u201312.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"195_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger A, Zhang D, Kawarizadeh A, Tolba R, Braumann B, Lossd\u00f6rfer S, et al. Soluble cytokine receptor treatment in experimental orthodontic tooth movement in the rat. Eur J Orthod. 2005;27(1):1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjh089"},{"issue":"8","key":"195_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302707","volume":"13","author":"H Kanzaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kanzaki H, Chiba M, Arai K, Takahashi I, Haruyama N, Nishimura M, et al. Local RANKL gene transfer to the periodontal tissue accelerates orthodontic tooth movement. Gene Ther. 2006;13(8):678\u201385.","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"195_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800030801","volume":"80","author":"H Kanzaki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kanzaki H, Chiba M, Shimizu Y, Mitani H. Dual regulation of osteoclast differentiation by periodontal ligament cells through RANKL stimulation and OPG inhibition. J Dent Res. 2001;80(3):887\u201391.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"195_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(89)90100-3","volume":"34","author":"RJ Waddington","year":"2017","unstructured":"Waddington RJ, Embery G, Last KS. Glycosaminoglycans of human alveolar bone. Arch Oral Biol. 2017;34(7):587\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"}],"container-title":["Progress in Orthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40510-017-0195-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40510-017-0195-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40510-017-0195-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T03:23:22Z","timestamp":1693193002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/progressinorthodontics.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40510-017-0195-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40510-017-0195-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-1042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-1042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]]},"article-number":"42"}}