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Random-effects meta-analysis and assessment of the certainty of clinical recommendations with the GRADE approach were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>34 studies (37 publications) were selected with a total of 2047 participants and data from 16 studies were pulled in the meta-analysis. Masseter muscle thickness in relaxation was significantly greater by 1.14\u00a0mm (95% CI 0.74\u20131.53\u00a0mm) in hypodivergent compared to normodivergent patients while it was significantly decreased in hyperdivergent patients by \u2212\u20091.14\u00a0mm (95% CI \u2212\u20091.56 to \u2212\u20090.73\u00a0mm) and \u2212\u20092.28\u00a0mm (95% CI \u2212\u20092.71 to \u2212\u20091.85\u00a0mm) compared to normodivergent and hypodivergent patients respectively. Similar significant differences were seen between these groups in masseter muscle thickness during contraction as well as masseter muscle CSA and volume. Meta-analyses could not be performed for sagittal categorizations due to insufficient number of studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considerable differences in masseter muscle thickness, CSA and volume were found across vertical skeletal configurations being significantly reduced in hyperdivergent patients; however, results should be interpreted with caution due to the high risk of bias of the included studies. These variations in the anatomic characteristics of masticatory muscles among different craniofacial patterns could be part of the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning process.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Registration<\/jats:bold>\n                      : PROSPERO\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=371187\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">CRD42022371187<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-024-00534-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T20:01:45Z","timestamp":1725825705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Relationship between craniofacial skeletal patterns and anatomic characteristics of masticatory muscles: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Togninalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Antonarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5981-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra K.","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"534_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2005.07.002","volume":"11","author":"DS Carlson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carlson DS. 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