{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:22:23Z","timestamp":1787793743486,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prog Orthod."],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-026-00616-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T11:30:12Z","timestamp":1775734212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comprehensive three-dimensional analysis of alveolar bone adaptation and root resorption following premolar extraction in Class II malocclusion: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Hasan M.","family":"Sharhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Al-Fakeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huda M.","family":"Sharhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majedh Abdo Ali","family":"Al-Somairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enas Senan","family":"Alyafrusee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaobo","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nassem Ali","family":"Al-Worafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najah","family":"Alhashimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maged S.","family":"Alhammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"616_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.24.3.088-098.bbo","volume":"24","author":"TM ARA\u00faJO","year":"2019","unstructured":"ARA\u00faJO TM, Caldas LD. Tooth extractions in orthodontics: first or second premolars? Dent Press J Orthod. 2019;24(3):88\u201398.","journal-title":"Dent Press J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"616_CR2","first-page":"ZC60","volume":"8","author":"RR Prabhakar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prabhakar RR, Saravanan R, Karthikeyan M, et al. Prevalence of malocclusion and need for early orthodontic treatment in children. J Clin Diagn Res JCDR. 2014;8(5):ZC60.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res JCDR"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.09.034","volume":"153","author":"SM Bae","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bae SM, Kim HJ, Kyung HM. Long-term changes of the anterior palatal alveolar bone after treatment with bialveolar protrusion, evaluated with computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;153(1):108\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"616_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2319\/041812-325.1","volume":"83","author":"H-W Ahn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ahn H-W, Moon SC, Baek S-H. Morphometric evaluation of changes in the alveolar bone and roots of the maxillary anterior teeth before and after en masse retraction using cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(2):212\u201321.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71115-6","volume":"10","author":"EJ Son","year":"2020","unstructured":"Son EJ, Kim SJ, Hong C, et al. A study on the morphologic change of palatal alveolar bone shape after intrusion and retraction of maxillary incisors. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):14454.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"616_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.61064","volume":"16","author":"A Abohabib","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abohabib A, VI\u00f1AS MJ, Ustrell JM. Effect of orthodontic premolar extraction on maxillary teeth angulation and arch dimensions in adolescent patients: a 3-D digital model analysis. J Clin Exp Dent. 2024;16(2):e137.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03987-3","volume":"24","author":"NA Al-Worafi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Worafi NA, Zheng B, Al-Warafi LA, et al. Impact of molar teeth distalization by clear aligners on maxillary alveolar bone thickness and root resorption: a three\u2011dimensional study. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):237.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"616_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14020690","volume":"14","author":"F Inchingolo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Inchingolo F, Inchingolo AM, Palmieri G, et al. Root resorption during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners vs. fixed appliances\u2014a systematic review. Appl Sci Basel. 2024;14(2):690.","journal-title":"Appl Sci Basel"},{"key":"616_CR9","unstructured":"Ramesh N. External apical root resorption following orthodontic treatment in maxillary and mandibular incisors-a study of contributing factors. Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (India); 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"616_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.2319\/061311-390.1","volume":"82","author":"H Lund","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lund H, GR\u00f6NDAHL K, Hansen K, et al. Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A prospective study using cone beam CT. Angle Orthod. 2012;82(3):480\u20137.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"616_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.12.026","volume":"147","author":"MG Roscoe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roscoe MG, Meira JB, Cattaneo PM. Association of orthodontic force system and root resorption: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147(5):610\u201326.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"616_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy066","volume":"41","author":"A De Grauwe","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Grauwe A, Ayaz I, Shujaat S, et al. CBCT in orthodontics: a systematic review on justification of CBCT in a paediatric population prior to orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2019;41(4):381\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"616_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3S","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2010.0359","volume":"141","author":"DC Hatcher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hatcher DC. Operational principles for cone-beam computed tomography. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010;141:3S-6S.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5870472","volume":"2020","author":"TA Rasheed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rasheed TA, Shehab Al Hamdany AK, Rauf AM. Comparative reliability assessment of tooth volume measurement with different three\u2010dimensional imaging software. BioMed Res Int. 2020;2020(1):5870472.","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"616_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.24-0342","author":"RJ Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin RJ, Dai A, Huang JP, et al. Effect of initial bone morphology on alveolar bone remodeling following molar extraction: a retrospective study. J Periodontol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jper.24-0342.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"616_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2025.01.682","volume":"139","author":"RJEV Boas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Boas RJEV, Silva RGL, Vaz GR, et al. Root resorption in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: a literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2025;139(5):e142.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"616_CR17","unstructured":"Gallo GN. A Three-dimensional comparative analysis of root resorption among different ethnic groups throughout orthodontic treatment. The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; 2024."},{"key":"616_CR18","first-page":"8154","volume":"28","author":"S Kalbassi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalbassi S, Chiong FW, Cheau HY, et al. Quantitative three-dimensional assessment of buccal alveolar bone thickness with dental cone-beam computed tomography. Biomed Res. 2017;28:8154\u201360.","journal-title":"Biomed Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-05706-y","volume":"25","author":"J Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang J, Wang M, Tang X, et al. Three-dimensional partitioning and quantification of orthodontic root resorption via automatic root extraction from cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):348.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"16","key":"616_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14161757","volume":"14","author":"SI Pop","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pop SI, Cerghizan D, Mi\u021bariu L, et al. CBCT evaluation of alveolar bone change and root resorption after orthodontic treatment: a retrospective study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024;14(16):1757.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"616_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.09.009","author":"E Serrano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Serrano E, Jose JV, P\u00e1EZ-CARPIO A, et al. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) applications in image-guided minimally invasive procedures. Radiolog\u00eda (English Edition). 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.09.009.","journal-title":"Radiolog\u00eda (English Edition)"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.jos_46_24","volume":"13","author":"YA Yassir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yassir YA, Sofar MK, Mcintyre GT, et al. Clinical effectiveness of customized versus noncustomized orthodontic appliances: a systematic review. J Orthod Sci. 2024;13(1):26.","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"616_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051503","volume":"13","author":"AE Kuc","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuc AE, Kotu\u0142a J, Nawrocki J, et al. Bone remodeling of maxilla after retraction of incisors during orthodontic treatment with extraction of premolars based on CBCT study: a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2024;13(5):1503.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02633-0","volume":"22","author":"AY Albarakani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Albarakani AY, Zheng B-W, Hong J, et al. A comparison of maxillary sinus diameters in Chinese and Yemeni patients with skeletal malocclusion. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):582.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"616_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.01.005","volume":"125","author":"TJ Cangialosi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cangialosi TJ, RioloOwens MLSE, et al. The ABO discrepancy index: a measure of case complexity. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2004;125(3):270\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"616_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod22.243","volume":"53","author":"MA DE Figueiredo","year":"2023","unstructured":"DE Figueiredo MA, Romano FL, Feres MFN, et al. Maxillary alveolar bone evaluation following dentoalveolar expansion with clear aligners in adults: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Korean J Orthod. 2023;53(4):264\u201375.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"616_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2319\/080721-620.1","volume":"92","author":"RK Al-Rokhami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Rokhami RK, Sakran KA, Alhammadi MA, et al. Proximity of upper central incisors to incisive canal among subjects with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion in various facial growth patterns: a CBCT analysis. Angle Orthod. 2022;92(4):529\u201336.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"616_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4103\/denthyp.denthyp_29_17","volume":"8","author":"M Abdinian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abdinian M, Baninajarian H. The accuracy of linear and angular measurements in the different regions of the jaw in cone-beam computed tomography views. Dent Hypotheses. 2017;8(4):100\u20133.","journal-title":"Dent Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-023-00575-9","volume":"20","author":"S Kazmi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kazmi S, Zaidi SJA, Reesu GV, et al. Dental age estimation using the Kvaal method\u2014an evaluation of length and width ratios: a systematic review. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2024;20(1):239\u201348.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12503","volume":"25","author":"MG Skilbeck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Skilbeck MG, Mei L, Mohammed H, et al. The effect of ligation methods on biofilm formation in patients undergoing multi\u2010bracketed fixed orthodontic therapy\u2013a systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2022;25(1):14\u201330.","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12583","volume":"26","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Cai P. Association between alveolar bone height changes in mandibular incisors and three\u2010dimensional tooth movement in non\u2010extraction orthodontic treatment with Invisalign. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2023;26(1):91\u20139.","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"616_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.2319\/062912-534.1","volume":"83","author":"N Yodthong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yodthong N, Charoemratrote C, Leethanakul C. Factors related to alveolar bone thickness during upper incisor retraction. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(3):394\u2013401.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR33","volume":"11","author":"M Domingo-Clerigues","year":"2019","unstructured":"Domingo-Clerigues M, Montiel-Company J-M, Almerich-Silla J-M, et al. Changes in the alveolar bone thickness of maxillary incisors after orthodontic treatment involving extractions\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019;11(1):e76.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"616_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2319\/091121-702.1","volume":"92","author":"BQ Hung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hung BQ, Hong M, Kyung H-M, et al. Alveolar bone thickness and height changes following incisor retraction treatment with microimplants: a cone beam computed tomography study. Angle Orthod. 2022;92(4):497\u2013504.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"22","key":"616_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192215002","volume":"19","author":"E Kalina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kalina E, Grzebyta A, Zadurska M. Bone remodeling during orthodontic movement of lower incisors\u2014narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(22):15002.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51057-4","volume":"9","author":"F Teng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Teng F, Du F-Y, Chen H-Z, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of the physiologic drift of adjacent teeth following maxillary first premolar extractions. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):14549.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"616_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.2319\/101117-686.1","volume":"88","author":"JF Morais","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morais JF, Melsen B, De Freitas KM, et al. Evaluation of maxillary buccal alveolar bone before and after orthodontic alignment without extractions: a cone beam computed tomographic study. Angle Orthod. 2018;88(6):748\u201356.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"616_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2012.00964.x","volume":"120","author":"H Lund","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lund H, Gr\u00f6ndahl K, Gr\u00f6ndahl HG. Cone beam computed tomography evaluations of marginal alveolar bone before and after orthodontic treatment combined with premolar extractions. Eur J Oral Sci. 2012;120(3):201\u201311.","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"616_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602. e601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.02.017","volume":"134","author":"EM Tanaka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tanaka EM, Sato S. Longitudinal alteration of the occlusal plane and development of different dentoskeletal frames during growth. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2008;134(5):602. e601-602. e611.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-019-0301-1","volume":"21","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Deng S, Mei L, et al. Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances: a cone beam computed tomography study. Prog Orthod. 2020;21(1):1.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"616_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2011.41.3.174","volume":"41","author":"D-H Chung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chung D-H, Park Y-G, Kim K-W, et al. Factors affecting orthodontically induced root resorption of maxillary central incisors in the Korean population. Korean J Orthod. 2011;41(3):174\u201383.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"616_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.02.015","volume":"163","author":"H Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen H, Liu L, Han M, et al. Changes of maxillary central incisor and alveolar bone in Class II Division 2 nonextraction treatment with a fixed appliance or clear aligner: a pilot cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2023;163(4):509\u201319.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"616_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.10.017","volume":"158","author":"ER Linkous","year":"2020","unstructured":"Linkous ER, Trojan TM, Harris EF. External apical root resorption and vectors of orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2020;158(5):700\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"616_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.10.015","volume":"155","author":"SD Currell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Currell SD, Liaw A, Grant PDB, et al. Orthodontic mechanotherapies and their influence on external root resorption: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2019;155(3):313\u201329.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"616_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjaa058","volume":"43","author":"YA Yassir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yassir YA, Mcintyre GT, Bearn DR. Orthodontic treatment and root resorption: an overview of systematic reviews. Eur J Orthod. 2021;43(4):442\u201356.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"616_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.34172\/joddd.2021.017","volume":"15","author":"F Bayir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bayir F, Gumus EB. External apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment: incidence, severity and risk factors. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospect. 2021;15(2):100.","journal-title":"J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospect"},{"issue":"4","key":"616_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.06.021","volume":"137","author":"B Weltman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weltman B, Vig KW, Fields HW, et al. Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2010;137(4):462\u201376 (discussion 412A).","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"616_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07435-8","volume":"26","author":"MAA Al-Somairi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Somairi MAA, Yan Y, Alhammadi MS, et al. Three-dimensional alveolar bone changes and root resorption in Class I malocclusion treated with extraction and non-extraction protocols: a comparative study of fixed appliances and clear aligners. BMC Oral Health. 2025;26(1):64.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"616_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn018","volume":"30","author":"D Mavreas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mavreas D, Athanasiou AE. Factors affecting the duration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30(4):386\u201395.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"}],"container-title":["Progress in Orthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40510-026-00616-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40510-026-00616-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40510-026-00616-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T18:05:13Z","timestamp":1777572313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40510-026-00616-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40510-026-00616-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-1042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-1042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The equal contribution of first two authors, affiliation of Huda M. Sharhan was not included in the original publication and the additional file 1: Table S1 wasn\u2019t the latest version, this article has been updated.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of China Medical University School of Stomatology (Approval No. K-2025-020).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16"}}