{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:42:33Z","timestamp":1787020953287,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32501397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32501397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chaozhou Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["202502GY008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202502GY008"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products","award":["2021B1212040015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021B1212040015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bot Stud"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination poses threats to ecosystems and human health, and the plant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiotic system represents a promising green remediation strategy. However, the underlying mechanisms are complex and context-dependent, and systematic comparative studies remain scarce regarding differential regulation of Cd tolerance enhancement in plants of the same genus but different ecotypes. This study used a native species (\n                      <jats:italic>Sphagneticola calendulacea<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), invasive species (\n                      <jats:italic>Sphagneticola trilobata<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and their hybrid as materials. It conducted an integrated analysis of the synergistic effects of inoculating\n                      <jats:italic>Funneliformis mosseae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (FM) on the rhizosphere microenvironment and mineral element uptake of three plants under a Cd stress gradient. The objective was to elucidate the interactive mechanisms by which FM enhances plant Cd tolerance and to evaluate its remediation potential.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results indicate that FM regulation of rhizosphere pH exhibits species specificity but generally alleviates Cd induced acidification. FM significantly enhances acid phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil and substantially promotes plant phosphorus (P) uptake. FM comprehensively altered plant mineral element uptake, including promoting root accumulation of sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), shoot potassium (K) allocation, and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) absorption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study elucidates how FM enhances P uptake and systematically optimizes elemental absorption homeostasis by regulating rhizosphere pH and phosphatase activity. These synergistic effects improve Cd tolerance in Sphagneticola species and highlight the broad potential of AMF-plant symbioses for Cd remediation. It provides crucial theoretical foundations and germplasm selection references for targeted soil restoration using ecologically distinct Sphagneticola ecotypes and their optimal FM partners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40529-026-00494-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T03:59:28Z","timestamp":1778471968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Colonization of three Sphagneticola species by Funneliformis mosseae under cadmium stress is beneficial to phosphatase activity and nutrient uptake in rhizosphere soil"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"ZhengChao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RuiRui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"QiLei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YuanXiao","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ChangLian","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"494_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117785","volume":"288","author":"T Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed T, Noman M, Manzoor N, Shahid M, Hussaini KM, Rizwan M, Ali S, Maqsood A, Li B (2021) Green magnesium oxide nanoparticles-based modulation of cellular oxidative repair mechanisms to reduce arsenic uptake and translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Environ Pollut 288:117785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117785","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"11","key":"494_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-024-11393-w","volume":"43","author":"O Akhtar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akhtar O, Pandey D, Zoomi I, Singh U, Chaudhary KL, Mishra R, Pandey N (2024) Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in heavy metals homoeostasis in plants. J Plant Growth Regul 43(11):3971\u20133985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00344-024-11393-w","journal-title":"J Plant Growth Regul"},{"issue":"18","key":"494_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11342","DOI":"10.3390\/su141811342","volume":"14","author":"X An","year":"2022","unstructured":"An X, Liu J, Liu X, Ma C, Zhang Q (2022) Optimizing phosphorus application rate and the mixed inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can improve the phosphatase activity and organic acid content in alfalfa soil. Sustainability 14(18):11342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su141811342","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"16","key":"494_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2021.166991","volume":"433","author":"AT Bozzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bozzi AT, Gaudet R (2021) Molecular mechanism of Nramp-family transition metal transport. J Mol Biol 433(16):166991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2021.166991","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"494_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.22","volume":"229","author":"C Cameselle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cameselle C, Gouveia S, Urrejola S (2019) Benefits of phytoremediation amended with DC electric field. Application to soils contaminated with heavy metals. Chemosphere 229:481\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.22","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"494_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.02219","volume":"8","author":"J Chmielowska-Bak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chmielowska-Bak J, Izbianska K, Ekner-Grzyb A, Bayar M, Deckert J (2018) Cadmium stress leads to rapid increase in RNA oxidative modifications in soybean seedlings. Front Plant Sci 8:2219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2017.02219","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"494_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.abr.2016.12.005","volume":"83","author":"L Coninx","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coninx L, Martinova V, Rineau F (2017) Mycorrhiza-Assisted Phytoremediation. Adv Bot Res 83:127\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.abr.2016.12.005","journal-title":"Adv Bot Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"494_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.16333","volume":"25","author":"S Duan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duan S, Declerck S, Feng G, Zhang L (2023) Hyphosphere interactions between Rhizophagus irregularis and Rahnella aquatilis promote carbon-phosphorus exchange at the peri-arbuscular space in Medicago truncatula. Environ Microbiol 25(4):867\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16333","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"494_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.02.003","volume":"137","author":"MH Feng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Feng MH, Shan XQ, Zhang S, Wen B (2005) A comparison of the rhizosphere-based method with DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2, and NaNO3 extraction methods for prediction of bioavailability of metals in soil to barley. Environ Pollut 137(2):231\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.02.003","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"494_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905577","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.905577","volume":"13","author":"L Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao L, Cai M, Zeng L, Zhang Q, Zhu H, Gu X, Peng C (2022) Adaptation of the invasive plant (Sphagneticola trilobata L. Pruski) to a high cadmium environment by hybridizing with native relatives. Front Plant Sci 13:905577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.905577","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"494_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04556.x","volume":"84","author":"M Giovannetti","year":"1980","unstructured":"Giovannetti M, Mosse B (1980) An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytol 84:489\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04556.x","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"494_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2013.06.001","volume":"72","author":"W Guo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guo W, Zhao RX, Zhao WJ, Fu RY, Guo JY, Bi N (2013) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on maize (Zea mays L.) and (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grown in rare earth elements of mine tailings. Appl Soil Ecol 72:85\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsoil.2013.06.001","journal-title":"Appl Soil Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"494_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-022-05775-w","volume":"484","author":"L Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo L, Wang C, Feng TY, Shen RF (2023) Short-term application of organic fertilization impacts phosphatase activity and phosphorus-mineralizing bacterial communities of bulk and rhizosphere soils of maize in acidic soil. Plant Soil 484(1):95\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11104-022-05775-w","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"issue":"1","key":"494_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-016-9390-1","volume":"15","author":"N Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta N, Ram H, Kumar B (2016) Mechanism of Zinc absorption in plants: uptake, transport, translocation and accumulation. Reviews Environ Sci Bio\/Technology 15(1):89\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11157-016-9390-1","journal-title":"Reviews Environ Sci Bio\/Technology"},{"key":"494_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114406","volume":"263","author":"YM He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He YM, Yang R, Lei G, Li B, Jiang M, Yan K, Zu YQ, Zhan FD, Li Y (2020) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce cadmium leaching from polluted soils under simulated heavy rainfall. Environ Pollut 263:114406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114406","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"494_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2019.1577355","volume":"21","author":"ZH Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu ZH, Zhuo F, Jing SH, Li X, Yan TX, Lei LL, Lu RR, Zhang XF, Jing YX (2019) Combined application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and steel slag improves plant growth and reduces Cd, Pb accumulation in Zea mays. Int J Phytorem 21:857\u2013865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15226514.2019.1577355","journal-title":"Int J Phytorem"},{"issue":"3","key":"494_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-022-00925-7","volume":"99","author":"H Imtiaz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Imtiaz H, Mir AR, Corpas FJ, Hayat S (2023) Impact of potassium starvation on the uptake, transportation, photosynthesis, and abiotic stress tolerance. Plant Growth Regul 99(3):429\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10725-022-00925-7","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul"},{"key":"494_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.12.020","volume":"170","author":"MY Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang MY, Liu SL, Li YF, Li X, Luo ZH, Song HX, Chen QB (2019) EDTA-facilitated toxic tolerance, absorption and translocation and phytoremediation of lead by dwarf bamboos. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 170:502\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.12.020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"494_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2013.773283","volume":"16","author":"YX Jing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jing YX, Yan JL, He HD, Yang DJ, Xiao L, Zhong T, Yuan M, Cai XD, Li SB (2014) Characterization of bacteria in the rhizosphere soils of Polygonum Pubescens and their potential in promoting growth and Cd, Pb, Zn uptake by Brassica napus. Int J Phytorem 16:321\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15226514.2013.773283","journal-title":"Int J Phytorem"},{"key":"494_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02436-8_11","volume-title":"Soil heavy metals","author":"A Karaca","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karaca A, Cetin SC, Turgay OC, Kizilkaya R (2009) Effects of heavy metals on soil enzyme activities. Soil heavy metals. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 237\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-02436-8_11.Berlin Heidelberg"},{"key":"494_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2025.106366","volume":"214","author":"S Khan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khan S, Syed IUS, Riaz M, Tariq M, Sohail S, Imtiaz M, Jia H (2025) Mechanistic insights into lead uptake and immobilization mediated by soybean biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Bidens parviflora. Appl Soil Ecol 214:106366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsoil.2025.106366","journal-title":"Appl Soil Ecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"494_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11040328","volume":"11","author":"T Khoza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khoza T, Masenya A, Khanyile N, Thosago S (2025) Alleviating plant density and salinity stress in Moringa oleifera using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: A Review. J Fungi 11(4):328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof11040328","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"issue":"1","key":"494_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2015-0010","volume":"24","author":"A Kushwaha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kushwaha A, Rani R, Kumar S, Gautam A (2015) Heavy metal detoxification and tolerance mechanisms in plants: Implications for phytoremediation. Environ Rev 24(1):39\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/er-2015-0010","journal-title":"Environ Rev"},{"key":"494_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.124","volume":"571","author":"H Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li H, Luo N, Zhang LJ, Zhao HM, Li YW, Cai QY, Wong MH, Mo CH (2016) Do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect cadmium uptake kinetics, subcellular distribution and chemical forms in rice? Sci. Total Environ 571:1183\u20131190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.124","journal-title":"Total Environ"},{"key":"494_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2015.01.006","volume":"89","author":"H Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu H, Yuan M, Tan SY, Yang XP, Lan Z, Jiang QY, Ye ZH, Jing YX (2015) Enhancement of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus versiforme) on the growth and Cd uptake by Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum. Appl Soil Ecol 89:44\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsoil.2015.01.006","journal-title":"Appl Soil Ecol"},{"key":"494_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.12.004","volume":"344","author":"SL Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu SL, Yang RJ, Tripathi DK, Li X, He W, Wu MX, Ali S, Ma MD, Cheng QS, Pan YZ (2018) The interplay between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species contributes in the regulatory mechanism of the nitro-oxidative stress induced by cadmium in Arabidopsis. J Hazard Mater 344:1007\u20131024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.12.004","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"14","key":"494_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11587","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411587","volume":"24","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Feng X, Qiu G, Li H, Wang Y, Chen X, Guo B (2023) Inhibition roles of calcium in cadmium uptake and translocation in rice: A review. Int J Mol Sci 24(14):11587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241411587","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"494_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110988","volume":"203","author":"RR Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu RR, Hu ZH, Zhang QL, Li YQ, Lin M, Wang XL, Peng CL (2020) The effect of Funneliformis mosseae on the plant growth, Cd translocation and accumulation in the new Cd-hyperaccumulator Sphagneticola calendulacea. Ecotox Environ Safe 203:110988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110988","journal-title":"Ecotox Environ Safe"},{"key":"494_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15271-9_9","volume-title":"Phosphorus in action: biological processes in soil phosphorus cycling","author":"P Nannipieri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nannipieri P, Giagnoni L, Landi L, Renella G (2010) Role of phosphatase enzymes in soil. Phosphorus in action: biological processes in soil phosphorus cycling. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 215\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-15271-9_9.Berlin Heidelberg"},{"key":"494_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1536(70)80110-3","volume":"55","author":"JM Phillips","year":"1970","unstructured":"Phillips JM, Hayman DS (1970) Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans Br Mycol Soc 55:158\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0007-1536(70)80110-3","journal-title":"Trans Br Mycol Soc"},{"key":"494_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2012.04.011","volume":"30","author":"M Rajkumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rajkumar M, Sandhya S, Prasad MNV, Freitas H (2012) Perspectives of plant-associated microbes in heavy metal phytoremediation. Biotechnol Adv 30:1562\u20131574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2012.04.011","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"494_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589e1596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.11.152","volume":"168","author":"ZU Rehman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rehman ZU, Khan S, Brusseau ML, Shah MT (2017) Lead and cadmium contamination and exposure risk assessment via consumption of vegetables grown in agricultural soils of five-selected regions of Pakistan. Chemosphere 168:1589e1596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.11.152","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"494_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119340","DOI":"10.1080\/15592324.2022.2119340","volume":"17","author":"Q Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren Q, Xu Z, Xue Y, Yang R, Ma X, Sun J, Sun Z (2022) Mechanism of calcium signal response to cadmium stress in duckweed. Plant Signal Behav 17(1):2119340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15592324.2022.2119340","journal-title":"Plant Signal Behav"},{"key":"494_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123919","volume":"402","author":"M Riaz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Riaz M, Kamran M, Fang Y, Wang Q, Cao H, Yang G, Deng L, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Anastopoulos I, Wang X (2021) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-induced mitigation of heavy metal phytotoxicity in metal contaminated soils: a critical review. J Hazard Mater 402:123919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123919","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"494_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2013.01.012","volume":"60","author":"A Sessitsch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sessitsch A, Kuffner M, Kidd P, Vangronsveld J, Wenzel WW, Fallmann K (2013) The role of plant-associated bacteria in the mobilization and phytoextraction of trace elements in contaminated soils. Soil Biol Biochem 60:182\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soilbio.2013.01.012","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"494_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.111.175232","volume":"156","author":"J Shen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shen J, Yuan L, Zhang J, Li H, Bai Z, Chen X, Zhang F (2011) Phosphorus dynamics: from soil to plant. Plant Physiol 156(3):997\u20131005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1104\/pp.111.175232","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"494_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2016.1207598","volume":"19","author":"Y Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song Y, Jin L, Wang X (2017) Cadmium absorption and transportation pathways in plants. Int J Phytorem 19(2):133\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15226514.2016.1207598","journal-title":"Int J Phytorem"},{"issue":"19","key":"494_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14193081","volume":"14","author":"X Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun X, Zhang L, Gu Y, Wang P, Liu H, Qiang L, Huang Q (2025) Nutrient-element-mediated alleviation of Cadmium stress in plants: mechanistic insights and practical implications. Plants 14(19):3081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants14193081","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"494_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132347","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132347","volume":"10","author":"SY Tan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tan SY, Jiang QY, Zhuo F, Liu H, Wang YT, Li SS, Ye ZH, Jing YX (2015) Effect of inoculation with Glomus versiforme on cadmium accumulation, antioxidant activities and phytochelatins of Solanum photeinocarpum. PLoS ONE 10:e0132347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132347","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"494_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12747","volume":"163","author":"M Tr\u00e4nkner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tr\u00e4nkner M, Tavakol E, J\u00e1kli B (2018) Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection. Physiol Plant 163(3):414\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppl.12747","journal-title":"Physiol Plant"},{"issue":"1","key":"494_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-022-05621-z","volume":"481","author":"F Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang F, Zhang L, Zhou J, Rengel Z, George TS, Feng G (2022) Exploring the secrets of hyphosphere of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: processes and ecological functions. Plant Soil 481(1):1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11104-022-05621-z","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"issue":"10","key":"494_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-022-05621-z","volume":"14","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Li Z, Li Q, Hu Z (2025) Alleviation of Plant Abiotic Stress: Mechanistic Insights into Emerging Applications of Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms in Agriculture. Plants 14(10):1558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11104-022-05621-z","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"494_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281341","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2023.1281341","volume":"11","author":"Z Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Z, Zeng G, Liu L, He F, Arinzechi C, Liao Q, Si M (2023) Simultaneous immobilization of lead, cadmium and arsenic in soil by iron-manganese modified biochar. Front Env Sci 11:1281341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fenvs.2023.1281341","journal-title":"Front Env Sci"},{"issue":"34","key":"494_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47408","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-34384-6","volume":"31","author":"G Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng G, Ping Y, Xu H, Yang Z, Tang C, Yang W, Liao Q (2024) Transformation of As and Cd associated with Fe\u2013Mn-modified biochar during simultaneous remediation on the contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut R 31(34):47408\u201347419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-024-34384-6","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut R"},{"key":"494_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.12654","volume":"249","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Chen G, Shao L, Gu X, Huang J, Peng C (2020) The hybridization between Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski and Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski improved the tolerance of hybrid to cadmium stress. Chemosphere 249:126540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.12654","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"23","key":"494_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2023.2283061","volume":"45","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang S, Liu S, Ren D, Zhang X (2024) Study on the migration behaviour of heavy metals at the improved mine soil-plant rhizosphere interface. Environ Technol 45(23):4691\u20134703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09593330.2023.2283061","journal-title":"Environ Technol"},{"issue":"23","key":"494_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13233289","volume":"13","author":"S Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao S, Yan L, Kamran M, Liu S, Riaz M (2024) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-assisted phytoremediation: A promising strategy for cadmium-contaminated soils. Plants 13(23):3289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants13233289","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"494_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1039\/C2EM30333G","volume":"14","author":"WL Zhong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhong WL, Li JT, Chen YT (2012) A study on the effects of lead, cadmium and phosphorus on the lead and cadmium uptake efficacy of Viola baoshanensis inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. J Environ Monit 14:2497\u20132504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C2EM30333G","journal-title":"J Environ Monit"},{"key":"494_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2024.02.029","volume":"151","author":"S Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu S, Mao H, Sun S, Yang X, Zhao W, Sheng L, Chen Z (2025) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote functional gene regulation of phosphorus cycling in rhizosphere microorganisms of Iris tectorum under Cr stress. J Environ Sci 151:187\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2024.02.029","journal-title":"J Environ Sci"},{"key":"494_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2020.1725867","author":"F Zhuo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhuo F, Zhang XF, Lei LL, Yan TX, Lu RR, Hu ZH, Jing YX (2020) The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar on the growth and Cd\/Pb accumulation in Zea mays. Int J Phytorem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15226514.2020.1725867","journal-title":"Int J Phytorem"}],"container-title":["Botanical Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40529-026-00494-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40529-026-00494-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40529-026-00494-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T03:59:30Z","timestamp":1778471970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40529-026-00494-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40529-026-00494-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-3110"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-3110","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7"}}