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No experimental procedures or interventions were performed for the purpose of this research. Ethical permission to access and use clinical records for research purposes was granted by the management of the KNUST Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Verbal informed consent for examination, diagnostic testing, and treatment was obtained from dog owners as part of routine clinical practice. All procedures were conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines and accepted standards of veterinary clinical care.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No identifiable individual animal or owner data are included in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3"}}