{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T14:14:03Z","timestamp":1793801643998,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inj. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pickleball is growing rapidly with a passionate senior following. Understanding and comparing players\u2019 injury experience through analysis of a nationally representative hospital emergency department sample helps inform senior injury prevention and fitness goals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed using 2010 to 2019 data from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission\u2019s (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Tennis was selected for comparison purposes because of the similarity of play, occasional competition for the same court space, and because many seniors play both sports. Non-fatal pickleball and tennis-related cases were identified, examined, recoded, and separated by injury versus non-injury conditions. Since over 85% of the pickleball injury-related cases were to players \u226560\u2009years of age, we mostly focused on this older age group. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, injury frequency, type and trends over time, and comparative measures of risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among players \u226560\u2009years of age, non-injuries (i.e., cardiovascular events) accounted for 11.1 and 21.5% of the pickleball and tennis-related cases, respectively. With non-injuries removed for seniors (\u226560\u2009years), the NEISS contained a weighted total of 28,984 pickleball injuries (95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u200919,463\u201343,163) and 58,836 tennis injuries (95% CI\u2009=\u200944,861-77,164). Pickleball-related injuries grew rapidly over the study period, and by 2018 the annual number of senior pickleball injuries reached parity with senior tennis-related injuries. Pickleball-related Slip\/Trip\/Fall\/Dive injury mechanisms predominated (63.3, 95% CI\u2009=\u200957.7\u201369.5%). The leading pickleball-related diagnoses were strains\/sprains (33.2, 95% CI\u2009=\u200927.8\u201339.5%), fractures (28.1, 95% CI\u2009=\u200924.3\u201332.4%) and contusions (10.6, 95% CI\u2009=\u20098.0\u201314.1%). Senior males were three-and-a-half times more likely than females to suffer a pickleball-related strain or sprain (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.5, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.2\u20135.6) whereas women were over three-and-a-half times more likely to suffer a fracture (OR 3.7, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.3\u20135.7) compared to men and nine times more likely to suffer a wrist fracture (OR 9.3 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.6\u201323.9). Patterns of senior tennis and pickleball injuries were mostly similar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NEISS is a valuable data source for describing the epidemiology of recreational injuries. However, careful case definitions are necessary when examining records involving older populations as non-injury conditions related to the activity\/product codes of interest are frequent. As pickleball gains in popularity among active seniors, it is becoming an increasingly important cause of injury. Identifying and describing the most common types of injuries may can help inform prevention and safety measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-021-00327-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T10:54:51Z","timestamp":1620039291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Non-fatal senior pickleball and tennis-related injuries treated in United States emergency departments, 2010\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2244-8135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harold","family":"Weiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"DiMaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"327_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acton AS, Gaw CE, Chounthirath T, Smith GA. Nonfatal horse-related injuries treated in emergency departments in the United States, 1990\u20132017. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(6):1062\u201368.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.158366"},{"key":"327_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkinson CF, Patron ME, Joondeph BC. Retinal tears due to pickleball injury. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2020. Publish Ahead of Print: p. 1.","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0000000000000965"},{"issue":"2","key":"327_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2018-0413","volume":"28","author":"A Buzzelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buzzelli A, Draper J. Examining the motivation and perceived benefits of pickleball participation in older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2020;28(2):180\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/japa.2018-0413.","journal-title":"J Aging Phys Act"},{"key":"327_CR4","unstructured":"Casper JM, Jeon J-H. Psychological connection to pickleball: assessing motives and participation in older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2017;7(1):28."},{"key":"327_CR5","first-page":"352","volume":"31","author":"JD Chevinsky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chevinsky JD, Shah NV, Tretiakov M, Aylyarov A, Penny GS, Dekis JC, et al. Demographics of tennis-related injuries that presented to emergency departments in the United States. Surg Technol Int. 2017;31:352\u20138.","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"327_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-13-71","volume":"13","author":"RM Daly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Daly RM, Rosengren BE, Alwis G, Ahlborg HG, Sernbo I, Karlsson MK. Gender specific age-related changes in bone density, muscle strength and functional performance in the elderly: a-10 year prospective population-based study. BMC Geriatr. 2013;13(1):71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2318-13-71.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"327_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DiMaggio CJ, Bukur M, Wall SP, Frangos SG, Wen AY. Injuries associated with electric-powered bikes and scooters: analysis of US consumer product data. Inj Prev. 2020;26(6):524\u201328.","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043418"},{"issue":"2","key":"327_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.09.016","volume":"58","author":"MB Forrester","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forrester MB. Pickleball-related injuries treated in emergency departments. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2020;58(2):275\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.09.016.","journal-title":"The Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"327_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000029","volume":"24","author":"CE Gaw","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gaw CE, Chounthirath T, Smith GA. Tennis-related injuries treated in United States emergency departments, 1990 to 2011. Clin J Sport Med. 2014;24(3):226\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000029.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"327_CR10","first-page":"488","volume":"116","author":"N Greiner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greiner N. Pickleball: injury considerations in an increasingly popular sport. Mo Med. 2019;116(6):488\u201391.","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"327_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2017.1374438","volume":"13","author":"J Heo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heo J, Ryu J, Yang H, Kim ACH, Rhee Y. Importance of playing pickleball for older adults\u2019 subjective well-being: a serious leisure perspective. J Posit Psychol. 2018a;13(1):67\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17439760.2017.1374438.","journal-title":"J Posit Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"327_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1080\/02614367.2018.1477977","volume":"37","author":"J Heo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heo J, Ryu J, Yang H, Kim KM. Serious leisure and depression in older adults: a study of pickleball players. Leis Stud. 2018b;37(5):561\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02614367.2018.1477977.","journal-title":"Leis Stud"},{"key":"327_CR13","volume-title":"Personal communication","author":"T Lumley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lumley T. Personal communication; 2020."},{"key":"327_CR14","unstructured":"PickleballTournaments.com. Pickleball Tournaments 2020 [cited 2020]. Available from: https:\/\/www.pickleballtournaments.com\/pbt_main.pl."},{"key":"327_CR15","unstructured":"PK. Average Retirement Age in the United States. [Web page] November 14, 2019; Available from: https:\/\/dqydj.com\/average-retirement-age-in-the-united-states\/#:~:text=The%20average%20retirement%20age%20in,ages%20of%2057%20and%2066. Accessed 7 July 2020."},{"issue":"6","key":"327_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.0332","volume":"19","author":"A Plawecki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Plawecki A, Bobian M, Kandinov A, Svider PF, Folbe AJ, Eloy JA, et al. Recreational activity and facial trauma among older adults. JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery. 2017;19(6):453\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.0332.","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"327_CR17","first-page":"16","volume":"49","author":"MT Quail","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quail MT. Caring for patients with pickleball injuries. The Peer-Reviewed Journal of Clinical Excellence. 2019;49(4):16\u20137.","journal-title":"The Peer-Reviewed Journal of Clinical Excellence"},{"key":"327_CR18","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2013","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2013."},{"key":"327_CR19","unstructured":"Recht, H. censusapi: Retrieve Data from the Census APIs. R package version 0.7.1. . 2020. Available from: https:\/\/CRAN.Rproject.org\/package=censusapi. Accessed 5 Jan 2021."},{"key":"327_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryu J, Heo J, Lee C, Kim ACH, Kim KM. Feeling authentic during playing pickleball in later life: Predicting positive psychological functioning. Soc Sci J. 2020;57(2):195\u2013205.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soscij.2019.01.008"},{"key":"327_CR21","unstructured":"Schroeder T, Ault K. The NEISS sample (design and implementation) from 1979 to 1996. U.S: Consumer Product Safety Commission; 2001."},{"key":"327_CR22","unstructured":"Sports & Fitness Industry Association\u2019s (SFIA). 2019 Pickleball Participant Report, from the 2019 Physical Activity Council Sports, Fitness, and Recreational Activity Study. Silver Spring: Tennis Industry Association; 2019."},{"key":"327_CR23","volume-title":"2019 TIA tennis participation report","author":"Tennis Industry Association","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tennis Industry Association. 2019 TIA tennis participation report. 2019."},{"key":"327_CR24","unstructured":"U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, NEISS Coding Manual, January 2019. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission: Washington, D.C."},{"key":"327_CR25","unstructured":"U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. 2000-2019 NEISS Online Database, released April, 2020a. Generated at https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/cgibin\/NEISSQuery\/home.aspx. on: June 29, 2020 at 17:55:59. 2020."},{"key":"327_CR26","unstructured":"U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Explanation of NEISS Estimates Obtained Through the CPSC Website. 2020b; Available from: https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/Research--Statistics\/NEISS-Injury-Data\/Explanation-Of-NEISS-Estimates-Obtained-Through-The-CPSC-Website. Accessed 15 Aug 2020."},{"key":"327_CR27","unstructured":"U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Division of Hazard and Injury Data Systems. NEISS, The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, A Tool for Researchers. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Division of Hazard and Injury Data Systems; 2000."},{"key":"327_CR28","unstructured":"USA Pickleball Association (USAPA). 2020 Pickleball Fact Sheet. Available from: https:\/\/www.usapa.org\/wpcontent\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2020-FAct-Sheet-3_30_20.pdf. Accessed 6 July 2020."},{"issue":"10","key":"327_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000759","volume":"19","author":"K Vitale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vitale K, Liu S. Pickleball: review and clinical recommendations for this fast-growing sport. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2020;19(10):406\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000759.","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"327_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham H, Averick M, Bryan J, Chang W, McGowan LD, Fran\u00e7ois R, et al. Welcome to the tidyverse. J Open Source Softw. 2019;4(43):1686\u201391.","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686"},{"key":"327_CR31","unstructured":"Yokota, T. Statistically Significant Trends with Multiple Years of Complex Survey Data. Available from: http:\/\/asdfree.com\/statistically-significant-trends-with-multiple-years-of-complex-survey-data.html. Accessed 10 Oct 2020."}],"container-title":["Injury Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40621-021-00327-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40621-021-00327-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40621-021-00327-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T11:12:39Z","timestamp":1620040359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/injepijournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40621-021-00327-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40621-021-00327-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-180980\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2197-1714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-1714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study used publicly accessible non-identifiable data, so no institutional review board approval was necessary.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"34"}}