{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:02:56Z","timestamp":1782741776390,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":109,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Hip Joint Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Synovial membrane inflammation is the most common finding presenting during hip arthroscopy, and may play a role in hip pain. We sought to determine the relationships between synovial cytokine levels, hip pain, and arthroscopic findings of the hip joint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prospectively included 33 patients who underwent arthroscopic hip surgery (34 hips). For all patients, radiographs and severity of pain were evaluated preoperatively. During arthroscopy, we classified the chondral injury and synovitis, noted the incidence of labral tear and its instability, and a sample of the synovial membrane was harvested for quantitative PCR to determine levels of TNF\u03b1, IL1\u03b2, IL6, ADAMTS4, MMP1, and MMP3. The relationships between the levels of these cytokines, severity of hip pain, and the pathological findings during arthroscopy were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pain intensity and cytokine levels were not significantly different between patients with labral tear or instability and those without. By contrast, the expression of TNF\u03b1, IL1\u03b2, IL6, and MMP1\u00a0mRNA was significantly higher in patients with diffuse synovitis than in patients with focal synovitis. VAS score during rest showed significant positive correlation with IL6 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.45, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), while VAS score on walking showed a positive correlation with TNF\u03b1 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.47, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and ADAMTS4 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.51, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The modified Harris Hip pain score showed a negative correlation with TNF\u03b1 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.38, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) and IL6 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.58, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The severity of synovitis and chondral injury are considered to be more important in the pathology of hip pain than labral tear or instability. Inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF\u03b1 and IL6\u00a0might play an important role in the pathogenesis of pain in patients indicated for hip arthroscopy, possibly depending on the severity of synovitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-017-0086-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T22:38:17Z","timestamp":1492641497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The cytokine expression in synovial membrane and the relationship with pain and pathological findings at hip arthroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kitasato University School of Medicine 1\u201015\u20101, Kitazato, Minami\u2010ku 252\u20100374 Sagamihara Kanagawa 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