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In particular, post\u2010traumatic elbow stiffness is a debilitating condition, precluding patients from performing activities of daily living. As such, clinicians and basic scientists alike, aim to develop novel therapeutic interventions to prevent and treat elbow stiffness; thereby reducing patient morbidity. Yet, there is a paucity of pre\u2010clinical models of peri\u2010articular stiffness, especially of the upper extremity, necessary to develop and test the efficacy of therapeutics. We set out to develop a pre\u2010clinical murine model of elbow stiffness, resulting from soft tissue injury, with features characteristic of pathology observed in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A soft tissue peri\u2010elbow injury was inflicted in mice using cardiotoxin. Pathologic tissue repair was induced by creating an investigator\u2010imposed deficiency of plasminogen, a protease essential for musculoskeletal tissue repair. Functional testing was conducted through analysis of grip strength and gait. Radiography, microcomputed tomography, and histological analyses were employed to quantify development of heterotopic ossification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animals with peri\u2010elbow soft tissues injury in conjunction with an investigator\u2010imposed plasminogen deficiency, developed a significant loss of elbow function measured by grip strength (2.387\u2009\u00b1\u20090.136\u00a0N vs 1.921\u2009\u00b1\u20090.157\u00a0N, ****, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.0001) and gait analysis (35.05\u2009\u00b1\u20092.775\u00a0mm vs 29.87\u2009\u00b1\u20092.075\u00a0mm, ***, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.0002). Additionally, plasminogen deficient animals developed capsule thickening, delayed skeletal muscle repair, fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and heterotopic ossification; all features characteristic of pathology observed in patients with trauma\u2010induced elbow stiffness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A soft tissue injury to the peri\u2010elbow soft tissue with a concomitant deficiency in plasminogen, instigates elbow stiffness and pathologic features similar to those observed in humans. This pre\u2010clinical model is valuable for translational studies designed to investigate the contributions of pathologic features to elbow stiffness or as a high\u2010throughput model for testing therapeutic strategies designed to prevent and treat trauma\u2010induced elbow stiffness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-018-0155-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T08:55:53Z","timestamp":1537260953000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Novel preclinical murine model of trauma\u2010induced elbow stiffness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Stephanie N.","family":"Moore\u2010Lotridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Vanderbilt University Medical Center 1215 21st Ave. South, Suite 4200\u00a0MCE, South Tower 37232 Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Department of 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JGS and SNML receive research and training support from PXE International. All other authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"36"}}