{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:43:34Z","timestamp":1787021014155,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR070903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR070903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR069620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR069620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates continue to rise among youth involved in recreational and competitive athletics, requiring a better understanding of how the knee structurally and mechanically responds to activity during musculoskeletal growth. Little is understood about how anatomical risk factors for ACL injury (e.g., small ACL size, narrow intercondylar notch, and steep posterior tibial slope) develop and respond to increased physical activity throughout growth. We hypothesized that the ACL\u2010complex of mice engaged in moderate to strenuous physical activity (i.e., endurance running) throughout late adolescence and young adulthood would positively functionally adapt to repetitive load perturbations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Female C57BL6\/J mice (8\u2009weeks of age) were either provided free access to a standard cage wheel with added resistance (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918) or normal cage activity (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918), for a duration of 4\u2009weeks. Daily distance ran, weekly body and food weights, and pre\u2010 and post\u2010study body composition measures were recorded. At study completion, muscle weights, three\u2010dimensional knee morphology, ACL cross\u2010sectional area, and ACL mechanical properties of runners and nonrunners were quantified. Statistical comparisons between runners and nonrunners were assessed using a two\u2010way analysis of variance and a Tukey multiple comparisons test, with body weight included as a covariate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Runners had larger quadriceps (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and gastrocnemius (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05) muscles, but smaller hamstring (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05) muscles, compared to nonrunners. Though there was no significant difference in ACL size (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.24), it was 13% stronger in runners (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). Additionally, both the posterior medial and lateral tibial slopes were 1.2 to 2.2 degrees flatter than those of nonrunners (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive functional adaptations of the knee joint to moderate to strenuous exercise in inbred mice offers hope that that some anatomical risk factors for ACL injury may be reduced through habitual physical activity. However, confirmation that a similar response to loading occurs in humans is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-021-00439-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T05:04:48Z","timestamp":1641186288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Endurance running during late murine adolescence results in a stronger anterior cruciate ligament and flatter posterior tibial slopes compared to controls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Danielle N.","family":"Ochocki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine VanNuys Medical Science Building, Room 0028, 635 Barnhill Drive 46202 Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin E.","family":"Loflin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine VanNuys Medical Science Building, Room 0028, 635 Barnhill Drive 46202 Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeyong","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine VanNuys Medical Science Building, Room 0028, 635 Barnhill Drive 46202 Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn A.","family":"Colglazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Indiana University Purdue University\u2010Indianapolis Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna A.","family":"Snider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine VanNuys Medical Science Building, Room 0028, 635 Barnhill Drive 46202 Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth P.","family":"Bueckers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine VanNuys Medical Science Building, Room 0028, 635 Barnhill Drive 46202 Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward M.","family":"Wojtys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6857-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Schlecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine VanNuys Medical Science Building, Room 0028, 635 Barnhill Drive 46202 Indianapolis IN USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Indiana University Purdue University\u2010Indianapolis Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","volume-title":"Physical activity in children and adolescents","author":"American College of Sports Medicine","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211023750"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.12.2274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211012354"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax8301"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514523721"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798\u2010015\u20100009\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967116688664"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4625-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658000800204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100037\u20101604151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731110001667"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChaputJ\u2010P WillumsenJ BullF ChouR EkelundU FirthJet al (2020) 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5\u201017 years: summary of the evidence. 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