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The purpose of this study was to evaluate chest compression methods by combining two theories: cardiac and thoracic pumps.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Three types of chest compression methods were studied. The 1-side method was performed vertically with 2 fingers over the sternum. The 2-side method was performed horizontally with 2 fingers, bilaterally squeezing the chest wall. The 3-side method combined the 1-side and the 2-side methods. Rats underwent 10 min of asphyxial CA. We examined ROSC rates, the left ventricular functions, several arterial pressures, intrathoracic pressure, and brain tissue oxygen.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The 3-side group achieved 100% return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from asphyxial CA, while the 1-side group and 2-side group achieved 80% and 60% ROSC, respectively. Three-side chest compression significantly shortened the time for ROSC among the groups (1-side, 105 \u00b1 36.0; 2-side, 141 \u00b1 21.7; 3-side, 57.8 \u00b1 12.3 s, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Three-side significantly increased the intrathoracic pressure (esophagus, 7.6 \u00b1 1.9, 7.3 \u00b1 2.8, vs. 12.7 \u00b1 2.2; mmHg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), the cardiac stroke volume (the ratio of the baseline 1.2 \u00b1 0.6, 1.3 \u00b1 0.1, vs. 2.1 \u00b1 0.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), and the common carotid arterial pressure (subtracted by femoral arterial pressure 4.0 \u00b1 2.5, 0.3 \u00b1 1.6, vs. 8.4 \u00b1 2.6; mmHg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Three-side significantly increased the brain tissue oxygen (the ratio of baseline 1.4\u00b10.1, 1.3\u00b10.2, vs. 1.6 \u00b1 0.04, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results suggest that increased intrathoracic pressure by 3-side CPR improves the cardiac output, which may in turn help brain oxygenation during CPR.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-019-0275-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T09:10:42Z","timestamp":1575277842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Combination of cardiac and thoracic pump theories in rodent cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a new method of three-side chest compression"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Okuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-228X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichiro","family":"Shinozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsukasa","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Saeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance B.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"275_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.07.038","volume":"95","author":"KG Monsieurs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Monsieurs KG, Nolan JP, Bossaert LL, Greif R, Maconochie IK, Nikolaou NI, Perkins GD, Soar J, Truhlar A, Wyllie J et al (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 1. 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We did not use products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not invade the authors\u2019 adherence to all the journal\u2019s policies. Shinozaki and Becker are owing intellectual property of mechanical devices for critically ill patients. Shinozaki has grant\/research supported by Nihon Kohden Corp. Becker has grant\/research supported by Philips Healthcare, the National Institutes of Health, Nihon Kohden Corp., BeneChill Inc., Zoll Medical Corp, Medtronic Foundation, and patents in the areas of hypothermia induction and perfusion therapies. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"62"}}