{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:07:03Z","timestamp":1775020023806,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ICMx"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the effect of mechanical ventilation on diaphragm mitochondrial oxygen consumption, ATP production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cytochrome c oxidase activity and content, and their relationship to diaphragm strength in an experimental model of sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) protocol was performed in 12 rats while 12 controls underwent sham operation. Half of the rats in each group were paralyzed and mechanically ventilated. We performed blood gas analysis and lactic acid assays 6\u00a0h after surgery. Afterwards, we measured diaphragm strength and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, ATP and ROS generation, and cytochrome c oxidase activity. We also measured malondialdehyde (MDA) content as an index of lipid peroxidation, and mRNA expression of the proinflammatory interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) in diaphragms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CLP rats showed severe hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and upregulation of diaphragm IL-1\u03b2 mRNA expression. Compared to sham controls, spontaneously breathing CLP rats showed lower diaphragm force and increased susceptibility to fatigue, along with depressed mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production and cytochrome c oxidase activity. These rats also showed increased mitochondrial ROS generation and MDA content. Mechanical ventilation markedly restored mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production in CLP rats; lowered mitochondrial ROS production by the complex 3; and preserved cytochrome c oxidase activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In an experimental model of sepsis, early initiation of mechanical ventilation restores diaphragm mitochondrial function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-021-00384-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T08:03:19Z","timestamp":1617782599000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mechanical ventilation preserves diaphragm mitochondrial function in a rat sepsis model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3440-1481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Eyenga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Roussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ndille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Teulier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Eyenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Romestaing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Gueguen-Chaignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S-S.","family":"Sheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"384_CR1","first-page":"1303","volume":"29","author":"AB Montgomery","year":"1985","unstructured":"Montgomery AB et al (1985) Causes of mortality in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev respir Dis 29:1303\u20131310","journal-title":"Am Rev respir Dis"},{"key":"384_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.6.2033","volume":"58","author":"SN Hussain","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hussain SN et al (1985) Respiratory muscle fatigue: A cause of ventilatory failure in septic shock. J Appl Physiol 58:2033\u20132040","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"384_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2748-4","volume":"31","author":"S Lanone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lanone S et al (2005) Diaphragmatic fatigue during sepsis and septic shock. Intensive Care Med 31:1611\u20131617","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"384_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8672939","author":"H Duan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duan H, Bai H (2020) Is the mitochondrial oxidative stress the key contributor to diaphragm atrophy and dysfunction in critical Ill patients? Crit Care Res Pract. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8672939","journal-title":"Crit Care Res Pract"},{"key":"384_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.4.1279","volume":"87","author":"D Nethery","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nethery D et al (1999) Sepsis increases contraction-related generation of reactive oxygen species in the diaphragm. J appl Physiol 87:1279\u20131286","journal-title":"J appl Physiol"},{"key":"384_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.2.2111077a","volume":"165","author":"F Laghi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Laghi F (2002) Curing the septic diaphragm with the ventilator. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:145\u2013146","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"384_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102153440703","volume":"344","author":"G Hilbert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hilbert G et al (2001) Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates, fever, and acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 344:481\u2013487","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"384_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.2.2108041","volume":"165","author":"S Ebihara","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ebihara S et al (2002) Mechanical ventilation protects against diaphragm injury in sepsis. Am J Respi Crit Care Med 165:221\u2013228","journal-title":"Am J Respi Crit Care Med"},{"key":"384_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-018-0081-0","volume":"98","author":"LF Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li LF et al (2018) Attenuation of ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction through toll like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-kB in a murine endotoxemia model. Lab Invest 98:1170\u20131183","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"384_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0200429","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200429","volume":"13","author":"M Le Dinh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Le Dinh M et al (2018) Prolonged mechanical ventilation worsens sepsis-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in rat. PLoS ONE 13(8):e0200429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0200429","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"384_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0501OC","volume":"196","author":"M van den Berg","year":"2017","unstructured":"van den Berg M et al (2017) Diaphragm atrophy and weakness in the absence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the critical ill. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 196:1544\u20131558","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"384_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.9912144","volume":"162","author":"N Fujimura","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fujimura N et al (2000) Effect of free radical scavengers on diaphragmatic contractility in septic peritonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:2159\u20132165","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"384_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.002","volume":"46","author":"AN Kavazis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kavazis AN et al (2009) Mechanical ventilation induces diaphragmatic mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidant production. Free Radic Biol Med 46:842\u2013850","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"384_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00240.2019","volume":"128","author":"GS Supinski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Supinski GS et al (2020) SS31 a mitochondrially targeted antioxidant prevent sepsis-induced reduction in diaphragm strength and endurance. J Appl Physiol 128:463\u2013472","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"384_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-018-0197-y","volume":"6","author":"P Eyenga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eyenga P et al (2018) Time course of liver mitochondrial function and intrinsic changes in oxidative phosphorylation in rat model of sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 6:31","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"384_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01225-4","volume":"468","author":"MA Piquet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Piquet MA et al (2000) Chronic ethanol ingestion increases efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. FEBS Lett 468:239\u2013242","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"384_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E110","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00407.2007","volume":"294","author":"C Romestaing","year":"2008","unstructured":"Romestaing C et al (2008) Mitochondrial adaptations to steatohepatitis induced by a methionine and choline-deficient diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294:E110\u2013E119","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"384_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027331116866","volume":"17","author":"S Papa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Papa S et al (1997) A possible role of slips in cytochrome C oxidase in the antioxygen defense system of the cell. Biosci Rep 17:23\u201331","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"384_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-013-0280-5","volume":"70","author":"P Eyenga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eyenga P et al (2014) Early septic shock induces loss of oxidative phosphorylation yield plasticity in liver mitochondria. J Physiol Biochem 70:285\u2013296","journal-title":"J Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"384_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2013.07.005","volume":"90","author":"J Morel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morel J et al (2013) Early adverse changes in liver microvascular circulation during experimental septic shock are not linked to an absolute nitric oxide deficit. Microvasc Res 90:187\u2013191","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"384_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2010.06.002","volume":"23","author":"P Eyenga","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eyenga P et al (2010) Time course of liver nitric oxide concentration in early septic shock by cecal ligation and puncture in rats. Nitric Oxide 23:194\u2013198","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"384_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reaurg.2005.12.007","volume":"15","author":"JM Forel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Forel JM et al (2006) The effects of neuromuscular blocking agents on gas exchange in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Reanimation 15:55\u201360 (French)","journal-title":"Reanimation"},{"key":"384_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12493.x","volume":"104","author":"B Allard","year":"1991","unstructured":"Allard B et al (1991) Action of heptaminol hydrochloride on contractile proprieties in frog isolated twitch muscle fiber. Br J Pharmacol 104:714\u2013718","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"384_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199707000-00010","volume":"42","author":"A Lattari","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lattari A et al (1997) Rat diaphragm oxidative capacity, antioxidant enzymes and fatigue: newborn versus adult. Pediatr Res 42:60\u201365","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"384_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.77.1.481","volume":"77","author":"BD Johnson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Johnson BD et al (1994) Contractile properties of the developing diaphragm correlate with myosin heavy chain phenotype. J Appl Physiol 77:481\u2013487","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"384_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1972.52.1.129","volume":"52","author":"R Close","year":"1972","unstructured":"Close R (1972) Dynamic properties of mammalian skeletal muscles. Physiol Rev 52:129\u2013197","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"384_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ohkawa H et al (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351\u2013358","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"384_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199601000-00021","volume":"24","author":"W Tang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tang W et al (1996) Adrenergic vasopressor agents and mechanical ventilation for the treatment of experimental septic shock. Crit Care Med 24:125\u2013130","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"384_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000295307.92027.2F","volume":"36","author":"RM Bateman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bateman RM et al (2008) Inhibiting nitric oxide overproduction during hypotensive sepsis increases local oxygen consumption in rat skeletal muscle. Crit Care Med 36:225\u2013231","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"384_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00824.2002","volume":"95","author":"MA Zergeroglu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zergeroglu MA et al (2003) Mechanical ventilation-induced oxidative stress in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol 95:1116\u20131124","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"384_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.2.5.549-553.1995","volume":"2","author":"P Villa","year":"1995","unstructured":"Villa P et al (1995) Pattern of cytokines and pharmacomodulation in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture compared with that induced by endotoxin. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2:549\u2013553","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"384_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10626-x","volume":"10","author":"JJ Martinez-Garcia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martinez-Garcia JJ et al (2019) Inflammasomes: P2X7 receptor induces mitochondria failure in monocyte and compromise NLRP3 inflammasome activation during sepsis. Nat Commun 10:2711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-10626-x","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"384_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3452","author":"E Latz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Latz E et al (2013) Activation and regulation of the inflammasomes. Nat Rev Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri3452","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"384_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L994","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90404.2008","volume":"296","author":"GS Supinski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Supinski GS et al (2009) Effect of proteasome inhibitors on endotoxin induced diaphragm dysfunction. Am J Physiol Lung cell Mol Physiol 296:L994\u2013L1001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"384_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0124390","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124390","volume":"10","author":"K Karisnan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karisnan K et al (2015) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protect against lipopolysaccharide induced diaphragm weakness. PLoS ONE 10(4):e0124390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0124390","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"384_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.12.1637","volume":"13","author":"J Boczkowski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boczkowski J et al (1999) Endogenous peroxynitrite mediate mitochondrial dysfunction in rat diaphragm during endotoxemia. FASEB J 13:1637\u20131646","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"384_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.09.008","volume":"38","author":"LC Lopez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lopez LC et al (2006) Identification of an inducible nitric oxide synthase in diaphragm mitochondria from septic mice: its relation with mitochondrial dysfunction and prevention by melatonin. Int J Biochem cell Biol 38:267\u2013278","journal-title":"Int J Biochem cell Biol"},{"key":"384_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21134","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801954200","volume":"283","author":"L Samavati","year":"2008","unstructured":"Samavati L et al (2008) Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits oxidative phosphorylation through tyrosine phosphorylation at subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase. J Biol Chem 283:21134\u201321144","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"384_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00763-Y","volume":"369","author":"CG Brown","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brown CG (1995) Nitric oxide regulates mitochondrial respiration and cell functions by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase. FEBS Lett 369:136\u2013139","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"9","key":"384_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73457","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073457","volume":"8","author":"Y Song","year":"2013","unstructured":"Song Y et al (2013) Lipopolysaccharide-Induced weakness in the preterm diaphragm is associated with mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction and oxidative stress. PLoS ONE 8(9):e73457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0073457","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"384_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03039-y","volume":"76","author":"LW Thomas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thomas LW, Ashcroft M (2019) Exploring the molecular interface between hypoxia-inducible factor signalling and mitochondria. Cell Mol Life Sci 76:1759\u20131777","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"384_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200410-1344OC","volume":"172","author":"LA Callahan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Callahan LA, Supinski GS (2005) Sepsis induces diaphragm electron transport chain dysfunction and protein depletion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172:861\u2013868","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"384_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70524","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070524","volume":"8","author":"CS Bruells","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bruells CS et al (2013) Prolonged mechanical ventilation alters the expression pattern of angio-neogenetic factors in a pre-clinical rat model. PLoS ONE 8(8):e70524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0070524","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"384_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000278914.85340.FE","volume":"35","author":"DA Piel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piel DA et al (2007) Mitochondrial resuscitation with exogenous cytochrome c in the septic heart. Crit Care Med 35:2120\u20132127","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"384_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-015-0116-2","volume":"38","author":"J Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang J et al (2015) Early administration of cisatracurium attenuates sepsis-induced diaphragm dysfunction in rats. Inflammation 38:305\u2013311","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"384_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182190b62","volume":"39","author":"SK Powers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Powers SK et al (2011) Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants protect against mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm weakness. Crit Care Med 39:1749\u20131759","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"384_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(83)90586-9","volume":"129","author":"B Kadenbach","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kadenbach B et al (1983) Separation of mammalian cytochrome c oxidase into 13 polypeptides by a sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoretic procedure. Anal Biochem 129:517\u2013521","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"384_CR48","first-page":"535","volume":"255","author":"MD Brand","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brand MD et al (1988) Control of respiration in non-phosphorylating mitochondria is shared between the proton leak and the respiratory chain. Biochem J 255:535\u2013539","journal-title":"Biochem J"}],"container-title":["Intensive Care Medicine Experimental"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40635-021-00384-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40635-021-00384-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40635-021-00384-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T08:28:15Z","timestamp":1617784095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/icm-experimental.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40635-021-00384-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-021-00384-w","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-94896\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2197-425X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-425X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The experiments were performed on the EU Directive 2010\/63\/EU for protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes and the \u201cprinciples of laboratory animal care\u201d (NIH publication No 86-23 revised 1985) were followed. The experimental project was approved by animal board of the Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard de Lyon with licence number 2009-01. The study was conducted in the research laboratory of the Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1 in a manner that did not inflict unnecessary pain or discomfort upon the animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19"}}