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We studied expression of neurotransmitters, inflammation and integrity of the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) in several brain regions during abdominal sepsis. We compared mice with either lethal or surviving phenotype in the first 4 sepsis days. Mature CD-1 females underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Body temperature (BT) was measured daily and predicted-to-die (within 24\u00a0h) mice (for P-DIE; BT\u2009&lt;\u200928\u00a0\u00b0C) were sacrificed together (1:1 ratio) with mice predicted-to-survive (P-SUR; BT\u2009&gt;\u200935\u00a0\u00b0C), and healthy controls (CON). Brains were dissected into neocortex, cerebellum, midbrain, medulla, striatum, hypothalamus and hippocampus.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CLP mice showed an up to threefold rise of serotonin in the hippocampus, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic and homovanillic acid (HVA) in nearly all regions vs. CON. Compared to P-SUR, P-DIE mice showed a 1.7 to twofold rise of HVA (386\u00a0ng\/g of tissue), dopamine (265\u00a0ng\/g) and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC; 140\u00a0ng\/g) in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and medulla (174, 156, 82\u00a0ng\/g of tissue, respectively). CLP increased expression of TNF\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6 mRNA by several folds in the midbrain, cerebellum and hippocampus versus CON. The same cytokines were further elevated in P-DIE vs P-SUR in the midbrain and cerebellum. Activation of astrocytes and microglia was robust across regions but remained typically phenotype independent. There was a similar influx of sodium fluorescein across the BBB in both P-DIE and P-SUR mice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Compared to survivors, the lethal phenotype induced a stronger deregulation of amine metabolism and cytokine expression in selected brain regions, but the BBB permeability remained similar regardless of the predicted outcome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-024-00688-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T17:04:02Z","timestamp":1730739842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lethal versus surviving sepsis phenotypes displayed a partly differential regional expression of neurotransmitters and inflammation and did not modify the blood\u2013brain barrier permeability in female CLP mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Azizian-Farsani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Weixelbaumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mascher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Klang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"H\u00f6gler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Dinhopl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bauder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Weissenb\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tichy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Mascher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1321-9883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin F.","family":"Osuchowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"688_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00037.2012","volume":"93","author":"KN Iskander","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iskander KN, Osuchowski MF, Stearns-Kurosawa DJ, Kurosawa S, Stepien D, Valentine C, Remick DG (2013) Sepsis: multiple abnormalities, heterogeneous responses, and evolving understanding. 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