{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T08:51:52Z","timestamp":1782118312847,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K08472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K08472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ICMx"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is widely used to develop polymicrobial sepsis model in rodents, yet conventional CLP is not advantageous for evaluating long-term outcomes because most animals succumb without clinically aligned treatment. We therefore implemented source control (SC) combined with antibiotic therapy after CLP to enable post-acute observation and characterize pulmonary immune alterations after abdominal sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-eight-week-old male C57BL\/6J mice underwent CLP. After 6\u00a0h, the necrotic cecum was resected, followed by peritoneal lavage, and antibiotics were administered for three days (SC group). Sham mice underwent matched laparotomies without CLP, and age-matched na\u00efve mice that did not undergo surgery or treatment served as controls. Survival, systemic inflammation, bacterial burden, and organ injury were assessed up to day 14 after CLP. We also evaluated pulmonary inflammation, lung immune cell composition, immunoglobulin profiles in plasma, lung homogenates, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as airway epithelial injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SC improved survival from 0% to approximately 90% through day 14. Plasma IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels declined after the acute phase, and little to no bacterial burden was detected in peritoneal lavage fluid, blood, or lung homogenates on day 14. Despite apparent systemic recovery, SC mice exhibited persistent pulmonary inflammation, with elevated levels of lung inflammatory mediators and sustained accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes. In contrast, CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells, CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells, and B cells were reduced in the lungs on day 14. IgM and IgG were elevated in plasma and lung homogenates but remained unchanged in BALF. Conversely, IgA levels were preserved in plasma and lung homogenates but selectively reduced in BALF. SC mice also showed reduced airway epithelial expression of E-cadherin, Occludin, and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), suggesting epithelial injury and impaired airway IgA transport in the post-acute phase.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a clinically aligned preclinical model of source-controlled abdominal sepsis that enables evaluation of post-acute pathophysiology. Despite apparent systemic recovery, sepsis survivor animals exhibited persistent pulmonary inflammation, adaptive immune cell reduction, airway epithelial injury, reduced pIgR expression, and selective BALF IgA loss. These findings suggest prolonged disruption of airway mucosal immunity after abdominal sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-026-00931-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T08:35:33Z","timestamp":1782117333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Source-controlled bacterial peritonitis improves survival but leaves persistent lung inflammation and airway IgA loss"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9976-2248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azusa","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7719-4913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromi","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3037-0945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley M","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4385-5802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6066-3031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2750-3084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manabu","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10219","key":"931_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)32989-7","volume":"395","author":"KE Rudd","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM et al (2020) Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990\u20132017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 395(10219):200\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)32989-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-019-0132-z","volume":"26","author":"Z Mostel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mostel Z, Perl A, Marck M et al (2019) Post-sepsis syndrome \u2013 an evolving entity that afflicts survivors of sepsis. Mol Med 26(1):6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10020-019-0132-z","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17687","volume":"319","author":"HC Prescott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prescott HC, Angus DC (2018) Enhancing recovery from sepsis: a review. JAMA 319(1):62\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.17687","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"931_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.07.016","volume":"220","author":"MC Cox","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cox MC, Brakenridge SC, Stortz JA et al (2020) Abdominal sepsis patients have a high incidence of chronic critical illness with dismal long-term outcomes. Am J Surg 220(6):1467\u20131474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.07.016","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"931_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003458","volume":"270","author":"SC Brakenridge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brakenridge SC, Efron PA, Cox MC et al (2019) Current epidemiology of surgical sepsis: discordance between inpatient mortality and 1-year outcomes. Ann Surg 270(3):502\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003458","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"931_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2024.07.007","volume":"68","author":"M Engoren","year":"2024","unstructured":"Engoren M, Arslanian-Engoren C (2024) Risk factors for readmission after sepsis and its association with mortality. Heart Lung 68:195\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2024.07.007","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"10","key":"931_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000002626","volume":"45","author":"KM DeMerle","year":"2017","unstructured":"DeMerle KM, Royer SC, Mikkelsen ME, Prescott HC (2017) Readmissions for recurrent sepsis: new or relapsed infection? Crit Care Med 45(10):1702\u20131708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ccm.0000000000002626","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0849-9","volume":"19","author":"Y Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Y, Hu Y, Zhang J et al (2019) Clinical characteristics, risk factors, immune status and prognosis of secondary infection of sepsis: a retrospective observational study. BMC Anesthesiol 19(1):185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-019-0849-9","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"931_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.2691","volume":"315","author":"LA van Vught","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Vught LA, Klein Klouwenberg PMC, Spitoni C et al (2016) Incidence, risk factors, and attributable mortality of secondary infections in the Intensive Care Unit after admission for sepsis. JAMA 315(14):1469\u20131479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.2691","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"931_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38361","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38361","volume":"6","author":"GJ Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao GJ, Li D, Zhao Q et al (2016) Incidence, risk factors and impact on outcomes of secondary infection in patients with septic shock: an 8-year retrospective study. Sci Rep 6:38361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep38361","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"931_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605666","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.605666","volume":"11","author":"RB Gritte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gritte RB, Souza-Siqueira T, Curi R, Machado MCC, Soriano FG (2020) Why septic patients remain sick after hospital discharge? Front Immunol 11:605666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.605666","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"931_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066612467162","volume":"29","author":"T Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang T, Derhovanessian A, De Cruz S, Belperio JA, Deng JC, Hoo GS (2014) Subsequent infections in survivors of sepsis: epidemiology and outcomes. J Intensive Care Med 29(2):87\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0885066612467162","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"931_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e198686","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8686","volume":"2","author":"S Yende","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yende S, Kellum JA, Talisa VB et al (2019) Long-term host immune response trajectories among hospitalized patients with sepsis. JAMA Netw Open 2(8):e198686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8686","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"931_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gong W, Wen H (2019) Sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Methods Mol Biol 1960:249\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-9167-9_22","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9167-9_22"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-018-0189-y","volume":"6","author":"MF Osuchowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Osuchowski MF, Ayala A, Bahrami S et al (2018) Minimum quality threshold in pre-clinical sepsis studies (MQTiPSS): an international expert consensus initiative for improvement of animal modeling in sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 6(1):26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-018-0189-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0806542","volume":"81","author":"D Rittirsch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rittirsch D, Hoesel LM, Ward PA (2007) The disconnect between animal models of sepsis and human sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 81(1):137\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.0806542","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"931_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00942","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00942-19","volume":"88","author":"JC Alverdy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alverdy JC, Keskey R, Thewissen R (2020) Can the cecal ligation and puncture model be repurposed to better inform therapy in human sepsis? Infect Immun 88(9):e00942\u2013e00919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00942-19","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"931_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.01.001","volume":"19","author":"L Dejager","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dejager L, Pinheiro I, Dejonckheere E, Libert C (2011) Cecal ligation and puncture: the gold standard model for polymicrobial sepsis? Trends Microbiol 19(4):198\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2011.01.001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-018-0184-3","volume":"6","author":"SHC Mai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mai SHC, Sharma N, Kwong AC et al (2018) Body temperature and mouse scoring systems as surrogate markers of death in cecal ligation and puncture sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 6(1):20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-018-0184-3","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"issue":"10141","key":"931_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30696-2","volume":"392","author":"M Cecconi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cecconi M, Evans L, Levy M, Rhodes A (2018) Sepsis and septic shock. Lancet 392(10141):75\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30696-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"931_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318173f982","volume":"36","author":"CC Shih","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shih CC, Chen SJ, Chen A, Wu JY, Liaw WJ, Wu CC (2008) Therapeutic effects of hypertonic saline on peritonitis-induced septic shock with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in rats. Crit Care Med 36(6):1864\u20131872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318173f982","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"931_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0000000000002096","volume":"59","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Liao L, Chen Y, Chen L, Lai Z, Zhang L (2023) A modified surgical sepsis model satisfying SEPSIS-3 and having high consistency of mortality. Shock 59(4):673\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/shk.0000000000002096","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"22","key":"931_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2403213","volume":"391","author":"NJ Meyer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meyer NJ, Prescott HC (2024) Sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 391(22):2133\u20132146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra2403213","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"931_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002172","volume":"45","author":"JC Alverdy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alverdy JC, Krezalek MA (2017) Collapse of the microbiome, emergence of the pathobiome, and the immunopathology of sepsis. Crit Care Med 45(2):337\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002172","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"931_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01220-05","volume":"74","author":"H Xiao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xiao H, Siddiqui J, Remick DG (2006) Mechanisms of mortality in early and late sepsis. Infect Immun 74(9):5227\u20135235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01220-05","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-025-02153-x","volume":"75","author":"X Shan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shan X, Li Z, Dong L (2026) Delayed disulfiram targeting GSDMD-NETs axis rescues sepsis by limiting bacterial spread and lung injury. Inflamm Res 75(1):39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-025-02153-x","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"931_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156384","volume":"138","author":"X Cao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cao X, Ma R, Wang Y et al (2025) Paeoniflorin protects the vascular endothelial barrier in mice with sepsis by activating RXR\u03b1 signaling. Phytomedicine 138:156384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156384","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"931_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L273","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00227.2021","volume":"322","author":"JA Bastarache","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bastarache JA, Smith K, Jesse JJ et al (2022) A two-hit model of sepsis plus hyperoxia causes lung permeability and inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 322(2):L273\u2013L282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00227.2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"931_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12159","volume":"96","author":"H Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu H, Xu J, Xu L et al (2018) Interleukin-33 contributes to ILC2 activation and early inflammation-associated lung injury during abdominal sepsis. Immunol Cell Biol 96(9):935\u2013947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imcb.12159","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"931_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577105","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1577105","volume":"16","author":"X Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao X, Cai S, Li X, Wu G (2025) Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, biomarkers and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 16:1577105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1577105","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"931_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001675","volume":"55","author":"CB Bergmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bergmann CB, Beckmann N, Salyer CE, Crisologo PA, Nomellini V, Caldwell CC (2021) Lymphocyte immunosuppression and dysfunction contributing to persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). Shock 55(6):723\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001675","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2020-2","volume":"22","author":"JK Wilson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilson JK, Zhao Y, Singer M, Spencer J, Shankar-Hari M (2018) Lymphocyte subset expression and serum concentrations of PD-1\/PD-L1 in sepsis \u2013 pilot study. Crit Care 22(1):95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-018-2020-2","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"931_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R105","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12750","volume":"17","author":"J Monserrat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Monserrat J, de Pablo R, Diaz-Mart\u00edn D et al (2013) Early alterations of B cells in patients with septic shock. Crit Care 17(3):R105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc12750","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"931_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000004309","volume":"48","author":"X Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong X, Liu Q, Zheng Q et al (2020) Alterations of B cells in immunosuppressive phase of septic shock patients. Crit Care Med 48(6):815\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ccm.0000000000004309","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"931_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6952","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.11.6952","volume":"166","author":"RS Hotchkiss","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hotchkiss RS, Tinsley KW, Swanson PE et al (2001) Sepsis-induced apoptosis causes progressive profound depletion of B and CD4\u2009+\u2009T lymphocytes in humans. J Immunol 166(11):6952\u20136963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.166.11.6952","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2015.09.005","volume":"168","author":"A Sharma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma A, Yang WL, Matsuo S, Wang P (2015) Differential alterations of tissue T-cell subsets after sepsis. Immunol Lett 168(1):41\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2015.09.005","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"931_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981784","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.981784","volume":"13","author":"F Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang F, Chen M, Ma J et al (2022) Integrating bulk and single-cell sequencing reveals the phenotype-associated cell subpopulations in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Front Immunol 13:981784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.981784","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"931_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00228801","volume":"18","author":"C Pilette","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pilette C, Ouadrhiri Y, Godding V, Vaerman JP, Sibille Y (2001) Lung mucosal immunity: immunoglobulin-A revisited. Eur Respir J 18(3):571\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.01.00228801","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"931_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117749","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1117749","volume":"14","author":"Y Bertrand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bertrand Y, S\u00e1nchez-Montalvo A, Hox V, Froidure A, Pilette C (2023) IgA-producing B cells in lung homeostasis and disease. Front Immunol 14:1117749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1117749","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05127-3","volume":"28","author":"L Gerard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gerard L, Lecocq M, Detry B et al (2024) Airway epithelium damage in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 28(1):350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-024-05127-3","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"931_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201311-1971OC","volume":"190","author":"ST Gohy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gohy ST, Detry BR, Lecocq M et al (2014) Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor down-regulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Persistence in the cultured epithelium and role of transforming growth factor-\u03b2. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 190(5):509\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201311-1971OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/1547691x.2022.2029630","volume":"19","author":"R Nishioka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nishioka R, Nishi Y, Choudhury ME et al (2022) Surgical stress quickly affects the numbers of circulating B-cells and neutrophils in murine septic and aseptic models through a \u03b22 adrenergic receptor. J Immunotoxicol 19(1):8\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1547691x.2022.2029630","journal-title":"J Immunotoxicol"}],"container-title":["Intensive Care Medicine Experimental"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40635-026-00931-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40635-026-00931-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40635-026-00931-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T08:35:34Z","timestamp":1782117334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40635-026-00931-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-026-00931-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-425X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-425X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Care and Experimentation of National Defense Medical College, Japan (approval number: 21062). This study did not involve human patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"78"}}