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Nevertheless, prior studies have not specifically addressed microcirculation, despite its critical impairment during sepsis and the absence of targeted therapies. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of HSL in a in vivo resuscitated rat model (Male wistars) of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), with a particular focus on microcirculatory function, followed by ex vivo investigation of sodium lactate on vascular reactivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      10\u00a0h after CLP rats were infused with 0.9% NaCl or 11.2% HSL for 18\u00a0h before exploration. No difference was observed on arterial pressure, echocardiography and pressure-volume loops. HSL improved mesenteric perfusion (1126 [923\u20131300] vs. 816.5 [692\u2013919] Perfusion Unit,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012) and TNF-\u03b1 plasma levels (26.2 [22.8\u201337.1] vs. 42.6 [32.6\u201347.3] pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Ex vivo, mesenteric artery reactivity experiments from healthy rats was tested with or without LPS-stimulation and glucose deprivation. Lactate dose-dependently restored LPS-impaired vasoconstriction, showing an independent effect on small arteries. In glucose deprivation conditions, HSL was able to restore vascular reactivity in normal or LPS-stimulated arteries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HSL specifically improved microcirculation and reduced systemic inflammation in septic rats. Moreover, lactate may act as an alternative to glucose in deprivation conditions. These benefits support its translational potential as a resuscitation fluid in sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-026-00975-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T03:26:54Z","timestamp":1789874814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hypertonic sodium lactate improves microcirculation, modulates inflammation, and preserves vascular reactivity in a rat model of sepsis: in vivo and ex vivo evidence"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Maudhuizon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"H\u00e9rault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumeya","family":"Bekri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Bellien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Tamion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0267-0986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Besnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"975_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","volume":"395","author":"KE Rudd","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM et al (2020) Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990\u20132017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. 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