{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:48:39Z","timestamp":1791679719506,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1TR004909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1TR004909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K12TR004924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K12TR004924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R33HL089076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R33HL089076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HL092801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HL092801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ICMx"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sepsis commonly causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and immune hyperactivation may be a causal link. Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is common in ARDS, and VILI may potentiate organ dysfunction in severe sepsis. We used a porcine model of abdominal sepsis-associated ARDS to test whether ventilation strategy could impact systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Female Yorkshire pigs (6\u20138 months) underwent ischemia\u2013reperfusion (I\/R) injury of the small bowel and fecal clot implantation or sham laparotomy. The abdominal sepsis animals were ventilated with a volume-controlled (VC) mode using the ARDS-Net low tidal volume (LVt) method to set and adjust the mode, and applied at two time points. Late LVt, was applied once PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      was \u2264300, and Early LVt was applied immediately following injury. The third lung protective group used the airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) mode set and adjusted with the time-controlled adaptive ventilation (TCAV) method, also applied immediately after injury. Animals were supported for 48 h using standardized resuscitation protocols and euthanized. Physiologic variables, clinical lab data, lung histology, and plasma proteome were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sham animals showed no evidence of sepsis or ARDS, whereas all experimental animals developed septic shock, requiring fluid resuscitation and vasopressors. Both LVt groups developed ARDS as measured by PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio by the study end (Late LVt: 129.9\u00b116.0; Early LVt: 205.2\u00b124.2), while the Early APRV group did not (429.4\u00b159.4). The Sham and experimental groups all had similar proteomes at baseline. The proteomes diverged over time and ended in three distinct groups: Sham, Late LVt\/Early LVt, and Early APRV. The most significantly differentially expressed proteins distinguishing the groups were involved in the immune and inflammatory response, with APRV having the lowest inflammatory signature.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a porcine model of abdominal septic shock we found that animals ventilated with a higher mean airway pressure strategy (APRV) had decreased plasma proteomic signatures of inflammation compared to those ventilated with a conventional low tidal volume strategy. Our findings are hypothesis generating and not directly translatable to the clinical setting. Future studies should focus on further elucidating a link between VILI and its effect on systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-026-00985-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:38:23Z","timestamp":1791668303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of ventilation mode on systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction in a porcine model of abdominal sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3790-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James G.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Kollisch-Singule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmeen","family":"Elmadany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader M.","family":"Habashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary F.","family":"Nieman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Varisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"985_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","volume":"395","author":"KE Rudd","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM et al (2020) Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990\u20132017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 395:200\u2013211","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"985_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e187571","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7571","volume":"2","author":"C Rhee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rhee C, Jones TM, Hamad Y et al (2019) Prevalence, underlying causes, and preventability of sepsis-associated mortality in US acute care hospitals. JAMA Netw Open 2:e187571\u2013e187571","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"985_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW et al (2016) The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315:801\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"985_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-043021-014005","volume":"74","author":"P Sinha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sinha P, Meyer NJ, Calfee CS (2023) Biological phenotyping in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Annu Rev Med 74:457\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-med-043021-014005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"985_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55667-5","volume":"14","author":"KM DeMerle","year":"2024","unstructured":"DeMerle KM, Kennedy JN, Chang C-CH et al (2024) Identification of a hyperinflammatory sepsis phenotype using protein biomarker and clinical data in the ProCESS randomized trial. Sci Rep 14:6234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-55667-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"985_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00237-0","volume":"11","author":"P Sinha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sinha P, Kerchberger VE, Willmore A et al (2023) Identifying molecular phenotypes in sepsis: an analysis of two prospective observational cohorts and secondary analysis of two randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med 11:965\u2013974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00237-0","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"985_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30124-7","volume":"8","author":"K Reddy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reddy K, Sinha P, O\u2019Kane CM et al (2020) Subphenotypes in critical care: translation into clinical practice. Lancet Respir Med 8:631\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30124-7","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"985_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202303-0558WS","author":"MA Matthay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matthay MA, Arabi Y, Arroliga AC et al (2023) A new global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202303-0558WS","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"985_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0069-0","volume":"5","author":"MA Matthay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matthay MA, Zemans RL, Zimmerman GA et al (2019) Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-019-0069-0","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"985_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04943-x","volume":"28","author":"B Evrard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Evrard B, Sinha P, Delucchi K et al (2024) Causes and attributable fraction of death from ARDS in inflammatory phenotypes of sepsis. Crit Care 28:164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-024-04943-x","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"985_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-02913-1","volume":"24","author":"D-H Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang D-H, Jia H-M, Zheng X et al (2024) Attributable mortality of ARDS among critically ill patients with sepsis: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 24:110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-024-02913-1","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"985_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"(2000) Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl J Med 342:1301\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801"},{"key":"985_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062200","volume":"354","author":"HP Wiedemann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wiedemann HP, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR et al (2006) Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 354:2564\u20132575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa062200","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"985_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214103","volume":"368","author":"C Gu\u00e9rin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gu\u00e9rin C, Reignier J, Richard J-C et al (2013) Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 368:2159\u20132168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1214103","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"985_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201603-0645OC","volume":"195","author":"KR Famous","year":"2017","unstructured":"Famous KR, Delucchi K, Ware LB et al (2017) Acute respiratory distress syndrome subphenotypes respond differently to randomized fluid management strategy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 195:331\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201603-0645OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"985_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70097-9","volume":"2","author":"CS Calfee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Calfee CS, Delucchi K, Parsons PE et al (2014) Subphenotypes in acute respiratory distress syndrome: latent class analysis of data from two randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med 2:611\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70097-9","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"985_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208707","volume":"369","author":"AS Slutsky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Slutsky AS, Ranieri VM (2013) Ventilator-induced lung injury. N Engl J Med 369:2126\u20132136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1208707","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"985_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-015-0071-0","volume":"3","author":"M Kollisch-Singule","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kollisch-Singule M, Emr B, Jain SV et al (2015) The effects of airway pressure release ventilation on respiratory mechanics in extrapulmonary lung injury. Intensive Care Med Exp 3:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-015-0071-0","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"985_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9803046","volume":"160","author":"D Chiumello","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chiumello D, Pristine G, Slutsky AS (1999) Mechanical ventilation affects local and systemic cytokines in an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:109\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9803046","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"985_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.1.54","volume":"282","author":"VM Ranieri","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ranieri VM, Suter PM, Tortorella C et al (1999) Effect of mechanical ventilation on inflammatory mediators in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 282:54\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.282.1.54","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"985_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.10.012","volume":"54","author":"T van der Poll","year":"2021","unstructured":"van der Poll T, Shankar-Hari M, Wiersinga WJ (2021) The immunology of sepsis. Immunity 54:2450\u20132464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.10.012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"985_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.10.014","volume":"166","author":"BD Kubiak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kubiak BD, Albert SP, Gatto LA et al (2011) A clinically applicable porcine model of septic and ischemia\/reperfusion-induced shock and multiple organ injury. J Surg Res 166:e59-69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2010.10.014","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"985_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02615-y","volume":"25","author":"H Al-Khalisy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Khalisy H, Nieman GF, Kollisch-Singule M et al (2024) Time-controlled adaptive ventilation (TCAV): a personalized strategy for lung protection. Respir Res 25:37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-023-02615-y","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"985_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31827b47bb","volume":"39","author":"S Roy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roy S, Habashi N, Sadowitz B et al (2013) Early airway pressure release ventilation prevents ARDS-a novel preventive approach to lung injury. Shock 39:28\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31827b47bb","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"985_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31825c7a82","volume":"73","author":"S Roy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy S, Sadowitz B, Andrews P et al (2012) Early stabilizing alveolar ventilation prevents acute respiratory distress syndrome: a novel timing-based ventilatory intervention to avert lung injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 73:391\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e31825c7a82","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"985_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af","volume":"41","author":"RP Dellinger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A et al (2013) Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med 41:580\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"985_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.5669","volume":"307","author":"ARDS Definition Task Force","year":"2012","unstructured":"Definition Task Force ARDS, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD et al (2012) Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition. JAMA 307:2526\u20132533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2012.5669","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"985_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S228","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000155920.11893.37","volume":"33","author":"NM Habashi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Habashi NM (2005) Other approaches to open-lung ventilation: airway pressure release ventilation. Crit Care Med 33:S228-240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ccm.0000155920.11893.37","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"985_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000001123","volume":"30","author":"L Camporota","year":"2024","unstructured":"Camporota L, Rose L, Andrews PL et al (2024) Airway pressure release ventilation for lung protection in acute respiratory distress syndrome: an alternative way to recruit the lungs. Curr Opin Crit Care 30:76\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCC.0000000000001123","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"985_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751","volume":"22","author":"JL Vincent","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J et al (1996) The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction\/failure. On behalf of the working group on sepsis-related problems of the European society of intensive care medicine. Intens Care Med 22:707\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01709751","journal-title":"Intens Care Med"},{"key":"985_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D442","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1106","volume":"47","author":"Y Perez-Riverol","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perez-Riverol Y, Csordas A, Bai J et al (2019) The PRIDE database and related tools and resources in 2019: improving support for quantification data. Nucleic Acids Res 47:D442\u2013D450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gky1106","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"985_CR32","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2019","unstructured":"R Core Team (2019) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria"},{"key":"985_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07454-w","volume":"9","author":"BC Searle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Searle BC, Pino LK, Egertson JD et al (2018) Chromatogram libraries improve peptide detection and quantification by data independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 9:5128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-07454-w","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"985_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25625","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c02564","volume":"5","author":"S Graw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Graw S, Tang J, Zafar MK et al (2020) proteiNorm - a user-friendly tool for normalization and analysis of TMT and label-free protein quantification. ACS Omega 5:25625\u201325633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c02564","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"985_CR35","unstructured":"Lazar C, Burger T, Wieczorek S (2022) imputeLCMD: a collection of methods for left-censored missing data imputation"},{"key":"985_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts034","volume":"28","author":"JT Leek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leek JT, Johnson WE, Parker HS et al (2012) The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation in high-throughput experiments. Bioinformatics 28:882\u2013883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts034","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"985_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates D, M\u00e4chler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw 67:1\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"985_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","volume":"82","author":"A Kuznetsova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuznetsova A, Brockhoff PB, Christensen RHB (2017) LmerTest package: tests in linear mixed effects models. J Stat Soft 82:1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","journal-title":"J Stat Soft"},{"key":"985_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100141","volume":"2","author":"T Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu T, Hu E, Xu S et al (2021) clusterProfiler 4.0: a universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data. Innovation 2:100141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100141","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"985_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1039\/c5mb00663e","volume":"12","author":"G Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu G, He Q-Y (2016) ReactomePA: an R\/Bioconductor package for reactome pathway analysis and visualization. Mol Biosyst 12:477\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c5mb00663e","journal-title":"Mol Biosyst"},{"key":"985_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D638","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1000","volume":"51","author":"D Szklarczyk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Szklarczyk D, Kirsch R, Koutrouli M et al (2023) The STRING database in 2023: protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest. Nucleic Acids Res 51:D638\u2013D646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkac1000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"985_CR42","unstructured":"Csardi G, Nepusz T (2006) The igraph software package for complex network research. InterJ Complex Syst 1695"},{"key":"985_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","volume":"315","author":"G Bellani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T et al (2016) Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries. JAMA 315:788\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"985_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2933","volume":"138","author":"C-C Sheu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sheu C-C, Gong MN, Zhai R et al (2010) Clinical characteristics and outcomes of sepsis-related vs non-sepsis-related ARDS. Chest 138:559\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.09-2933","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"985_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119259","volume":"99","author":"L Tremblay","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tremblay L, Valenza F, Ribeiro SP et al (1997) Injurious ventilatory strategies increase cytokines and c-fos m-RNA expression in an isolated rat lung model. J Clin Invest 99:944\u2013952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI119259","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"985_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01660-5","volume":"25","author":"EJ Giamarellos-Bourboulis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Aschenbrenner AC, Bauer M et al (2024) The pathophysiology of sepsis and precision-medicine-based immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 25:19\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-023-01660-5","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"985_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05112-w","volume":"28","author":"JHT Bates","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bates JHT, Kaczka DW, Kollisch-Singule M et al (2024) Atelectrauma can be avoided if expiration is sufficiently brief: evidence from inverse modeling and oscillometry during airway pressure release ventilation. Crit Care 28:329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-024-05112-w","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"985_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.1829","volume":"149","author":"M Kollisch-Singule","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kollisch-Singule M, Emr B, Smith B et al (2014) Mechanical breath profile of airway pressure release ventilation: the effect on alveolar recruitment and microstrain in acute lung injury. JAMA Surg 149:1138\u20131145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.1829","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"985_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2199-2","volume":"22","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Quintel M, Marini JJ (2018) Volutrauma and atelectrauma: which is worse? Crit Care 22:264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-018-2199-2","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"985_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4912-z","volume":"43","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Jin X, Lv Y et al (2017) Early application of airway pressure release ventilation may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 43:1648\u20131659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-017-4912-z","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"985_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1741129","volume":"13","author":"GF Nieman","year":"2026","unstructured":"Nieman GF, Bates JHT, Andrews PL et al (2026) Expert recommendations for setting and adjusting airway pressure release ventilation based on clinical experience and basic science evidence. Front Med 13:1741129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1741129","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"985_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2906-z","volume":"39","author":"AW Kirkpatrick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick AW, Roberts DJ, De Waele J et al (2013) Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome: updated consensus definitions and clinical practice guidelines from the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Intensive Care Med 39:1190\u20131206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-013-2906-z","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"985_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1179\/acb.2007.62.s1.011","volume":"62","author":"P Pelosi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pelosi P, Quintel M, Malbrain MLNG (2007) Effect of intra-abdominal pressure on respiratory mechanics. Acta Clin Belg 62(Suppl 1):78\u201388","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"985_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11874","volume":"16","author":"P Pelosi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pelosi P, Vargas M (2012) Mechanical ventilation and intra-abdominal hypertension: \u201cbeyond good and evil.\u201d Crit Care 16:187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc11874","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"985_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Obeid F, Saba A, Fath J, et al (1995) Increases in intra-abdominal pressure affect pulmonary compliance. Arch Surg 130:544\u2013547; discussion 547\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archsurg.1995.01430050094016","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1995.01430050094016"},{"key":"985_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2451-6","volume":"38","author":"CL Santos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Santos CL, Moraes L, Santos RS et al (2012) Effects of different tidal volumes in pulmonary and extrapulmonary lung injury with or without intraabdominal hypertension. Intensive Care Med 38:499\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-011-2451-6","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"985_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-27","volume":"11","author":"J Villar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Villar J, Cabrera NE, Casula M et al (2010) Mechanical ventilation modulates TLR4 and IRAK-3 in a non-infectious, ventilator-induced lung injury model. Respir Res 11:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1465-9921-11-27","journal-title":"Respir Res"}],"container-title":["Intensive Care Medicine Experimental"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40635-026-00985-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40635-026-00985-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40635-026-00985-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:02:23Z","timestamp":1791676943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40635-026-00985-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-026-00985-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-425X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-425X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"No human subjects or samples were used in this study. All experiments were performed in accordance with National Institute of Health (NIH) guidelines in the use of laboratory animals and approved by the SUNY Upstate Medical University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol numbers 243 and 332.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"NBH is the founder of the Intensive Care Online Network, Inc. (ICON) and hold several patents on a method of initiating, managing, and\/or weaning airway pressure release ventilation, as well as controlling a ventilator in accordance with the same. None of these patents are commercialized, licensed, or royalty producing. No other authors hold competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"133"}}