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Bioprocess."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The utilization of low-cost, waste-derived lignocellulosic biomass for biotechnological lactic acid production is an area of significant interest. Although numerous attempts have been made to develop novel processes using second-generation feedstocks, the downstream recovery processes for second-generation lactic acid are still relatively uncharted. In this context, this study explores a two-step method for retrieving second-generation lactic acid from a fermented olive leaves medium. The initial step involves an aqueous two-phase extraction using an ethanol\/ammonium sulfate system, a method first applied here to lactic acid derived from second-generation raw materials. This is followed by a purification step using activated carbon. The process succeeded in extracting second-generation lactic acid with a yield of 70.02\u2009\u00b1\u20092.29% in the first extraction stage, followed by a yield of 88.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.49% in the second purification step. The lactic acid purity level at the end of the downstream process was 90.17\u2009\u00b1\u20091.55%, as confirmed by the HPLC data. Furthermore, the study examined the feasibility of direct lactic acid extraction from unfiltered, fermented olive leaves medium, revealing that up to 95.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.42% of bacterial cells could be eliminated. The purified lactic acid underwent qualitative identification through FT-IR and\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H-NMR analysis, with the spectra showing a high degree of similarity to a standard reference substance, thus demonstrating the use of low-cost waste lignocellulosic biomass for the biotechnological production of lactic acid is a topic of great interest.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-025-00847-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T12:33:50Z","timestamp":1742387630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Efficient downstream processing of second-generation lactic acid from lignocellulosic waste using aqueous two-phase extraction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Gugel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7555-2681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Baldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Vertuani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Manfredini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"847_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2020.101138","volume":"20","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Banat F, Taher H (2020) A review on the lactic acid fermentation from low-cost renewable materials: recent developments and challenges. 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