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Bioprocess."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Natural products of plant origin are being explored as safe alternatives for illness management. Their extraction processes play a crucial role in determining their phytochemical and pharmacological properties. In this context,\n                    <jats:italic>Euphorbia trigona<\/jats:italic>\n                    was extracted using Supercritical Fluid Extraction with CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) at two operating temperatures: 20\u00a0\u00b0C and 40\u00a0\u00b0C. Phytochemical characterization was performed via HPLC, along with anti-yeast evaluation using the well diffusion method, anticancer assessment using the MTT assay, wound healing analysis via the scratch assay, and anti-obesity evaluation through the lipase assay of the\n                    <jats:italic>E. trigona<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract. The results indicated that SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 40\u00a0\u00b0C extracted a greater quantity (0.198\u00a0g) of\n                    <jats:italic>E. trigona<\/jats:italic>\n                    than SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 20\u00a0\u00b0C (0.156\u00a0g). Several compounds, such as rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, daidzein, ellagic acid, naringenin, and ferulic acid, were identified at high concentrations of 10,034.29, 1,800.33, 750.22, 748.11, 462.15, and 207.05\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, respectively, in the\n                    <jats:italic>E. trigona<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract obtained using SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 40\u00a0\u00b0C, compared to the extract obtained using SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 20\u00a0\u00b0C. High inhibition zones of 24\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5, 24\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5, and 23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33\u00a0mm were recorded against\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>G. candidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively, using the extract from SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 40\u00a0\u00b0C, compared to the inhibition zones of 24\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5, 24\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5, and 23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33\u00a0mm obtained from the extract using SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 20\u00a0\u00b0C. Moreover, the extract from SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 40\u00a0\u00b0C exhibited lower MIC and MFC values against the tested yeasts compared to the efficacy of the extract from SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 20\u00a0\u00b0C. The ultrastructure of the examined yeasts was severely affected by the extract from SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 40\u00a0\u00b0C. A lower IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    (98.87\u2009\u00b1\u20091.26\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) was recorded for the extract from SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 40\u00a0\u00b0C compared to the IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    (333.87\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) of the extract from SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 20\u00a0\u00b0C against cancer cells (A431). The wound closure level was 84.08% using the extract from SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 40\u00a0\u00b0C, while it was 71.27% using the extract from SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 20\u00a0\u00b0C. Lipase was inhibited by the extract obtained via SFE-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 40\u00a0\u00b0C and 20\u00a0\u00b0C, with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 15.77 and 28.14\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, respectively. Molecular docking indicated that rosmarinic acid is a suitable inhibitor for the tested yeasts.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-025-00855-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T21:23:22Z","timestamp":1743801802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Unveiling the in vitro activity of extracted Euphorbia trigona via Supercritical Fluid Extraction against pathogenic yeasts, obesity, cancer, and its wound healing properties"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Abdulrahman S.","family":"Bazaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naif K.","family":"Binsaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Barnawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bandar","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alsolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samy","family":"Selim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soad K.","family":"Al Jaouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amna A.","family":"Saddiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdah","family":"Ganash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6418-5890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek M.","family":"Abdelghany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Husam","family":"Qanash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"855_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jics","volume":"99","author":"V Anju","year":"2022","unstructured":"- Anju V, Rameshkumar KB (2022) Phytochemical investigation of Euphorbia trigona. 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