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Bioprocess."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Menaquinone-7, a form of vitamin K\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , plays a critical role in the treatment of hemorrhagic diseases caused by vitamin K deficiency and in the prevention of bone fractures. Microbial fermentation has emerged as a promising method for MK-7 production due to its high product optical purity and significant physiological activity. However, the current production efficiency of MK-7 remains insufficient to meet industrial demands. In this study, we employed a combination of single-factor experiments, Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent experiments, and Box-Behnken design to optimize the fermentation medium for MK-7 production by\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    BS\n                    <jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>ackA<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Through regression analysis and consideration of practical production constraints, the optimal fermentation medium parameters were determined as follows: 20\u00a0g\/L sucrose, 20.7\u00a0g\/L glycerol, 47.3\u00a0g\/L soy peptone, 4\u00a0g\/L yeast extract, and 1.9\u00a0g\/L KH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.1\u00a0g\/L MgSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00b77\u00a0H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O. Under these optimized conditions, the MK-7 yield reached 154.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.32\u00a0mg\/L. The experimental results demonstrated excellent stability and reliability, aligning closely with the model predictions. This study significantly enhances MK-7 production at the shake-flask fermentation level, providing valuable insights for large-scale industrial applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-025-00934-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T05:06:29Z","timestamp":1756443989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Enhancement of Menaquinone-7 production in Bacillus subtilis by optimizing the medium components through response surface methodology"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"934_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4103","volume":"5","author":"K Adinarayana","year":"2002","unstructured":"Adinarayana K, Ellaiah P (2002) Response surface optimization of the critical medium components for the production of alkaline protease by a newly isolated Bacillus Sp. 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