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Bioprocess."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study assesses the impact of physicochemical pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and co-culture fermentation strategies on bioethanol production from corn husk biomass (CHB). Under optimal alkali pretreatment conditions (1.75% alkali, 4.0\u00a0g substrate concentration, 120\u00a0\u00b0C, 10\u00a0h), 35% lignin removal was achieved, with 48% cellulose and 39% hemicellulose recovery. In contrast, acid pretreatment resulted in 30% lignin removal, 45% cellulose recovery, and 34% hemicellulose recovery, showing lower efficiency than alkali pretreatment. During ultrasonication alkali pretreatment enhanced cellulose and hemicellulose exposure up to 51 and 46% and delignification up to 49%. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated corn husk biomass was performed using commercial enzymes [Celluclast 1.5 L (700 EGU or 854 U mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and Viscozyme (13.4 FBG\/mL)] and isolated bacterial enzymes, including cellulase from\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus licheniformis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (9.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 U mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and xylanase from\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacter asburiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    PQ396173 (7.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 U mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The developed enzyme cocktail in ratio 3:2:3:1 (v\/v; U mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) (Celluclast: Viscozyme: native cellulase: native xylanse) using a cocktail of native and commercial enzymes, yielded total reducing sugar of 740\u00a0mg\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    glucose and 54.6\u00a0mg\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    xylose. Fermentation of hydrolysate prepared with commercial enzymes using monoculture of\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pichia pastoris<\/jats:italic>\n                    yielded 17.6\u00a0g\u00a0L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 12.2\u00a0g\u00a0L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    bioethanol separately. Co-cultured yeasts produced 26.8\u00a0g\u00a0L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ethanol at 96\u00a0h of incubation, exceeding monoculture yields. The fermentation with integration of commercial and isolated bacterial enzyme cocktails yielded the highest bioethanol output of 37.3\u00a0g\u00a0L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 96\u00a0h incubation, indicating that enzymatic saccharification with a combination of commercial and native enzyme cocktails results in maximum bioethanol production.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-026-01062-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:59:21Z","timestamp":1778662761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimization of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis using commercial and isolated bacterial enzyme cocktail for bioethanol production from corn husk through yeast co-culture batch fermentation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Barsha","family":"Samantaray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi Ranjan","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakti","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bikash Chandra","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hrudayanath","family":"Thatoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1062_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2019.109442","volume":"133","author":"M Adsul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adsul M, Sandhu SK, Singhania RR, Gupta R, Puri SK, Mathur A (2020) Designing a cellulolytic enzyme cocktail for the efficient and economical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels. 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