{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:57:54Z","timestamp":1790452674555,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006759","name":"California Department of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-0001-024-SF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-0001-024-SF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioresour. Bioprocess."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Almond shells are abundant lignocellulosic by-products with great potential for sustainable valorization. This study developed an integrated biorefinery process to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and cellobionic acid (CBA) through hydrothermal pretreatment and fungal simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Pretreatment under subcritical water conditions (165.9\u2013194.1 \u2103, 5.9\u201334.1\u00a0min) was optimized using response surface methodology and single-variable analysis. The optimal condition, selected to maximize XOS while minimizing xylose formation, was 180 \u2103 for 8\u00a0min with 10% (w\/v) solids, producing 18.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0g\/L XOS with a yield of 68.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3%. Low xylose (0.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0\u00a0g\/L) and negligible glucose formation indicated selective oligomer production while preserving cellulose. The hydrolysate contained mainly short-chain XOS, with degrees of polymerization ranging from DP2 to DP10, and was particularly enriched in xylotriose and xylotetraose. Pretreated solids containing cellulose (15\u00a0g\/L, ~\u200946.3 mM) were converted to CBA using the engineered thermophilic fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Thermothelomyces heterothallica<\/jats:italic>\n                    TH-11 at 40 \u2103 without enzyme addition. CBA production reached 31.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 mM with a yield of 89.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5% based on cellulose consumed. These results demonstrate an environmentally friendly strategy for converting almond shells into value-added oligosaccharides and sugar acids, supporting circular bioeconomy development in the agri-food sector.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-026-01125-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:48:52Z","timestamp":1790390932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated hydrothermal and microbial valorization of almond shells into xylooligosaccharides and cellobionic acid"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sumit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Shapouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirin Kazemzadeh","family":"Pournaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Barile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Kasuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiliang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1125_CR1","unstructured":"Adney B, Baker J (1996) Measurement of Cellulase Activities: Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP); Issue Date: 08\/12\/1996"},{"key":"1125_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/S43621-024-00543-5","volume":"5","author":"P Basera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Basera P, Chakraborty S, Sharma N (2024) Lignocellulosic biomass: insights into enzymatic hydrolysis, influential factors, and economic viability. Discover Sustain 5:311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S43621-024-00543-5","journal-title":"Discover Sustain"},{"key":"1125_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/S00449-023-02872-7","volume":"46","author":"E Bieringer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bieringer E, Garc\u00eda V\u00e1zquez U, Klein L, Moret\u00f3 Bravo N, Tobler M, Weuster-Botz D (2023) Bioproduction and applications of aldobionic acids with a focus on maltobionic and cellobionic acid. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 46:921\u2013940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00449-023-02872-7","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"},{"key":"1125_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.3390\/PR12071464","volume":"12","author":"E Bieringer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bieringer E, P\u00fctthoff L, Zimmermann A, de Souza G\u00f3es M, Yilmaz U, Ehrenreich A, Liebl W, Weuster-Botz D (2024) Efficient bio-oxidation of cellobiose with engineered Gluconobacter oxydans to provide highly concentrated cellobionic acid. Processes 12:1464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PR12071464","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"1125_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34393","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA06220H","volume":"12","author":"H Boulika","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boulika H, El Hajam M, Hajji Nabih M, Idrissi Kandri N, Zerouale A (2022) Activated carbon from almond shells using an eco-compatible method: screening, optimization, characterization, and adsorption performance testing. RSC Adv 12:34393\u201334403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2RA06220H","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"1125_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/JCS8010026","volume":"8","author":"F Brlekovi\u0107","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brlekovi\u0107 F, Mu\u017eina K, Kurajica S (2024) The influence of alkaline pretreatment of waste nutshell for use in particulate biocomposites. J Compos Sci 8:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCS8010026","journal-title":"J Compos Sci"},{"key":"1125_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3390\/ECP2023-14712","volume":"37","author":"F Chamorro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chamorro F, Echave J, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J, Otero P (2023) Supercritical fluid CO2 extraction technology to produce an innovative healthy product from almond wastes. Eng Proc 37:118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ECP2023-14712","journal-title":"Eng Proc"},{"key":"1125_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202301823","DOI":"10.1002\/SLCT.202301823","volume":"8","author":"M Ch\u00e1vez Morej\u00f3n","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ch\u00e1vez Morej\u00f3n M, Kurig N, Tschauder YS, Harnisch F, Palkovits R (2023) Electrochemical cellobiose valorization: Anodic oxidation to cellobionic acid and cathodic reduction to cellobitol. ChemistrySelect 8:e202301823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/SLCT.202301823","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"1125_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.12944\/CRNFSJ.12.3.35","volume":"12","author":"O Chinbat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chinbat O, Erdenetsog P, Chimeddorj B, Burenjargal M, Janlav M (2024) Isolation and purifying of xylooligosaccharides from various Mongolian food processing by-products. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci 12:1433\u20131444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12944\/CRNFSJ.12.3.35","journal-title":"Curr Res Nutr Food Sci"},{"key":"1125_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125311","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2021.125311","volume":"336","author":"I D\u00e1vila","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u00e1vila I, Diaz E, Labidi J (2021) Acid hydrolysis of almond shells in a biphasic reaction system: Obtaining of purified hemicellulosic monosaccharides in a single step. Bioresour Technol 336:125311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2021.125311","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"1125_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/S13068-018-1289-3","volume":"11","author":"T De Assis","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Assis T, Huang S, Driemeier CE, Donohoe BS, Kim C, Kim SH, Gonzalez R, Jameel H, Park S (2018) Toward an understanding of the increase in enzymatic hydrolysis by mechanical refining. Biotechnol Biofuels 11:289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13068-018-1289-3","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels"},{"key":"1125_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.3390\/BUILDINGS15183269","volume":"15","author":"T Demir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Demir T (2025) Evaluation of the use of waste almond shell ash in concrete: Mechanical and environmental properties. Buildings 15:3269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BUILDINGS15183269","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"key":"1125_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160867","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CEJ.2025.160867","volume":"508","author":"Z Deng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deng Z, Xia A, Zhang Z, Zhu, Xianqing, Huang Y, Zhu, Xun, Liao Q (2025) A continuous hydrothermal pretreatment system for efficient sugar production from wheat straw. Chem Eng J 508:160867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CEJ.2025.160867","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"1125_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.3390\/CLEANTECHNOL4030053","volume":"4","author":"HM El Mashad","year":"2022","unstructured":"El Mashad HM, Edalati A, Zhang R, Jenkins BM (2022) Production and characterization of biochar from almond shells. Clean Technol 4:854\u2013864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/CLEANTECHNOL4030053","journal-title":"Clean Technol"},{"key":"1125_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3284","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES29143284","volume":"29","author":"I Gil-Guill\u00e9n","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gil-Guill\u00e9n I, Freitas PAV, Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00ednez C, Chiralt A (2024) Obtaining cellulose fibers from almond shell by combining subcritical water extraction and bleaching with hydrogen peroxide. Molecules 29:3284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES29143284","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1125_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4435","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOMBIOE.2011.08.022","volume":"35","author":"D Gong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gong D, Holtman KM, Franqui-Espiet D, Orts WJ, Zhao R (2011) Development of an integrated pretreatment fractionation process for fermentable sugars and lignin: Application to almond (Prunus dulcis) shell. Biomass Bioenergy 35:4435\u20134441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOMBIOE.2011.08.022","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"1125_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BEJ.2016.01.024","volume":"109","author":"A Hildebrand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hildebrand A, Addison B, Kasuga J, Fan T, Z (2016) Cellobionic acid inhibition of cellobiohydrolase I and cellobiose dehydrogenase. Biochem Eng J 109:236\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BEJ.2016.01.024","journal-title":"Biochem Eng J"},{"key":"1125_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996811","DOI":"10.3389\/FNUT.2022.996811","volume":"9","author":"C Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang C, Yu Y, Li Z, Yan B, Pei W, Wu H (2022) The preparation technology and application of xylo-oligosaccharide as prebiotics in different fields: A review. Front Nutr 9:996811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FNUT.2022.996811","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"1125_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135267","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FOODCHEM.2022.135267","volume":"409","author":"YP Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang YP, Paviani B, Fukagawa NK, Phillips KM, Barile D (2023) Comprehensive oligosaccharide profiling of commercial almond milk, soy milk, and soy flour. Food Chem 409:135267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.FOODCHEM.2022.135267","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"1125_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.128937","volume":"376","author":"D Huo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huo D, Sun Y, Yang Q, Zhang F, Fang G, Zhu H, Liu Y (2023) Selective degradation of hemicellulose and lignin for improving enzymolysis efficiency via pretreatment using deep eutectic solvents. Bioresour Technol 376:128937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.128937","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"1125_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3390\/AGRONOMY11030487","volume":"11","author":"D Ilanidis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ilanidis D, Stagge S, J\u00f6nsson LJ, Mart\u00edn C (2021) Hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw: Effects of temperature and acidity on byproduct formation and inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanolic fermentation. Agronomy 11:487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/AGRONOMY11030487","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"1125_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.3390\/PR9091518","volume":"9","author":"JM Jimenez-Gutierrez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jimenez-Gutierrez JM, Verlinden RAJ, van der Meer PC, van der Wielen LAM, Straathof AJJ (2021) Liquid hot water pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at lab and pilot scale. Processes 9:1518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PR9091518","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"1125_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4567","DOI":"10.15376\/BIORES.12.3.4567-4593","volume":"12","author":"BW Jones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jones BW, Venditti R, Park S, Jameel H (2017) Optimization of Pilot Scale Mechanical Disk Refining for Improvements in Enzymatic Digestibility of Pretreated Hardwood Lignocellulosics. BioResources 12:4567\u20134593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15376\/BIORES.12.3.4567-4593","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"1125_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2016.03.057","volume":"211","author":"I Kacem","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kacem I, Koubaa M, Maktouf S, Chaari F, Najar T, Chaabouni M, Ettis N, Chaabouni E, S (2016) Multistage process for the production of bioethanol from almond shell. Bioresour Technol 211:154\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2016.03.057","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"1125_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/SUSCHEM1010002","volume":"1","author":"PB Kasangana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kasangana PB, Bhatta S, Stevanovic T (2020) Effect of pre-extraction on composition of residual liquor obtained from catalytic organosolv pulping of sugar maple bark. Sustainable Chem 1:23\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/SUSCHEM1010002","journal-title":"Sustainable Chem"},{"key":"1125_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.5713\/AB.22.0434","volume":"36","author":"JH Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee JH, Kim CH, Yoon YM (2023) Effects of hydrothermal pretreatment on methane potential of anaerobic digestion sludge cake of cattle manure containing sawdust as bedding materials. Anim Biosci 36:818\u2013828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5713\/AB.22.0434","journal-title":"Anim Biosci"},{"key":"1125_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.3390\/MA11091782","volume":"11","author":"X Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li X, Liu Y, Hao J, Wang W (2018) Study of almond shell characteristics. Materials 11:1782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MA11091782","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"1125_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18388","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TA01104C","volume":"13","author":"W Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li W, Cui J, Ye W, Su P, Song X, Yang T, Zhang Y, Chen Z (2025) Deciphering the role of hydrothermal pretreatment in the conversion of biomass waste into hard carbon with superior electrochemical performance in sodium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 13:18388\u201318397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D5TA01104C","journal-title":"J Mater Chem A"},{"key":"1125_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/BBB.1670","volume":"10","author":"H Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu H, Sun J, Leu SY, Chen S (2016) Toward a fundamental understanding of cellulase-lignin interactions in the whole slurry enzymatic saccharification process. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 10:648\u2013663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/BBB.1670","journal-title":"Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin"},{"key":"1125_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129641","volume":"260","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu J, Kang R, Yang X, Xie H, Cui X, Ren M, Feng X, Meng D (2024) Sustainable cellobionic acid biosynthesis from starch via artificial in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem. Int J Biol Macromol 260:129641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129641","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"1125_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2008.12.023","volume":"100","author":"S Makishima","year":"2009","unstructured":"Makishima S, Mizuno M, Sato N, Shinji K, Suzuki M, Nozaki K, Takahashi F, Kanda T, Amano Y (2009) Development of continuous flow type hydrothermal reactor for hemicellulose fraction recovery from corncob. Bioresour Technol 100:2842\u20132848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2008.12.023","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"1125_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSCENTSCI.3C01458","volume":"9","author":"R Meadows","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meadows R (2023) Almond waste is a growing challenge. ACS Cent Sci 9:2171\u20132174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACSCENTSCI.3C01458","journal-title":"ACS Cent Sci"},{"key":"1125_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123896","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2020.123896","volume":"315","author":"A Morales","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morales A, Hern\u00e1ndez-Ramos F, Sillero L, Fern\u00e1ndez-Mar\u00edn R, D\u00e1vila I, Gull\u00f3n P, Erdocia X, Labidi J (2020) Multiproduct biorefinery based on almond shells: Impact of the delignification stage on the manufacture of valuable products. Bioresour Technol 315:123896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2020.123896","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"1125_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1080\/17597269.2017.1378988","volume":"9","author":"C Nitsos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nitsos C, Matsakas L, Triantafyllidis K, Rova U, Christakopoulos P (2018) Investigation of different pretreatment methods of Mediterranean-type ecosystem agricultural residues: characterisation of pretreatment products, high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol production. Biofuels 9:545\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17597269.2017.1378988","journal-title":"Biofuels"},{"key":"1125_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/S00449-022-02725-9","volume":"45","author":"YR Oh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oh YR, Song JK, Eom GT (2022) Efficient production of cellobionic acid using whole-cell biocatalyst of genetically modified Pseudomonas taetrolens. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 45:1057\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00449-022-02725-9","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"},{"key":"1125_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202354","DOI":"10.25186\/.V20I.2354","volume":"20","author":"AAI Ratnadewi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ratnadewi AAI, Anggraini R, Yulvia A, Ngurah Nara Kusuma AA (2025) Extraction and purification of xylooligosaccharides from coffee peel using endo-\u03b2-1,4-D-xylanase XynBTN63D and adsorption for prebiotics. Coffee Sci 20:e202354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25186\/.V20I.2354","journal-title":"Coffee Sci"},{"key":"1125_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RENENE.2016.03.089","volume":"98","author":"JK Saini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saini JK, Patel AK, Adsul M, Singhania RR (2016) Cellulase adsorption on lignin: A roadblock for economic hydrolysis of biomass. Renew Energy 98:29\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.RENENE.2016.03.089","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"key":"1125_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BCDF.2014.12.003","volume":"5","author":"AK Samanta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samanta AK, Jayapal N, Jayaram C, Roy S, Kolte AP, Senani S, Sridhar M (2015) Xylooligosaccharides as prebiotics from agricultural by-products: Production and applications. Bioactive Carbohydr Diet Fibre 5:62\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BCDF.2014.12.003","journal-title":"Bioactive Carbohydr Diet Fibre"},{"key":"1125_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129560","volume":"387","author":"RG Saratale","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saratale RG, Ponnusamy V, Piechota G, Igli\u0144ski B, Shobana S, Park JH, Saratale GD, Shin HS, Banu JR, Kumar V, Kumar G (2023) Green chemical and hybrid enzymatic pretreatments for lignocellulosic biorefineries: Mechanism and challenges. Bioresour Technol 387:129560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129560","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"1125_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126033","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2021.126033","volume":"342","author":"T Scapini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scapini T, dos Santos MSN, Bonatto C, Wancura JHC, Mulinari J, Camargo AF, Klanovicz N, Zabot GL, Tres MV, Fongaro G, Treichel H (2021) Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for hemicellulose recovery. Bioresour Technol 342:126033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2021.126033","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"1125_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118237","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JCLEPRO.2019.118237","volume":"241","author":"RD Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh RD, Nadar CG, Muir J, Arora A (2019a) Green and clean process to obtain low degree of polymerisation xylooligosaccharides from almond shell. J Clean Prod 241:118237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JCLEPRO.2019.118237","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"1125_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109368","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENZMICTEC.2019.109368","volume":"130","author":"RD Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh RD, Talekar S, Muir J, Arora A (2019b) Low degree of polymerization xylooligosaccharides production from almond shell using immobilized nano-biocatalyst. Enzyme Microb Technol 130:109368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENZMICTEC.2019.109368","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb Technol"},{"key":"1125_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122434","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2024.122434","volume":"343","author":"P Sivan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sivan P, Heinonen E, Escudero L, Gandla ML, Jim\u00e9nez-Quero A, J\u00f6nsson LJ, Mellerowicz EJ, Vilaplana F (2024) Unraveling the unique structural motifs of glucuronoxylan from hybrid aspen wood. Carbohydr Polym 343:122434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2024.122434","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"1125_CR45","unstructured":"Sluiter A, Ruiz R, Scarlata C, Sluiter J, Templeton D (2008) Determination of Extractives in Biomass. Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP). Issue Date 7\/17\/2005"},{"key":"1125_CR44","unstructured":"Sluiter A, Hames B, Ruiz R, Scarlata C, Sluiter J, Templeton D, Crocker D (2011) Determination of Structural Carbohydrates and Lignin in Biomass: Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP); Issue Date: April 2008; Revision Date: July 2011 (Version 07-08-2011)"},{"key":"1125_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6012","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSSUSCHEMENG.2C00838","volume":"10","author":"AT Smit","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smit AT, van Zomeren A, Dussan K, Riddell LA, Huijgen WJJ, Dijkstra JW, Bruijnincx PCA (2022) Biomass pre-extraction as a versatile strategy to improve biorefinery feedstock flexibility, sugar yields, and lignin purity. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 10:6012\u20136022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACSSUSCHEMENG.2C00838","journal-title":"ACS Sustain Chem Eng"},{"key":"1125_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42815","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSOMEGA.3C05714","volume":"8","author":"RM Sonkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sonkar RM, Gade PS, Mudliar SN, Bhatt P (2023) Green downstream processing method for xylooligosaccharide purification and assessment of its prebiotic properties. ACS Omega 8:42815\u201342826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACSOMEGA.3C05714","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"1125_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119302","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FUEL.2020.119302","volume":"283","author":"M Tajmirriahi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tajmirriahi M, Karimi K, Kumar R (2021) Effects of pinewood extractives on bioconversion of pinewood. Fuel 283:119302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.FUEL.2020.119302","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"1125_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.3390\/FOODS12142681","volume":"12","author":"KK Valladares-Diestra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valladares-Diestra KK, de Souza Vandenberghe LP, Vieira S, Goyzueta-Mamani LD, de Mattos PBG, Manzoki MC, Soccol VT, Soccol CR (2023) The potential of xylooligosaccharides as prebiotics and their sustainable production from agro-industrial by-products. Foods 12:2681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/FOODS12142681","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"1125_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/S00449-024-03061-w","volume":"47","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang J, Kasuga T, Fan Z (2024) Cellobionate production from sodium hydroxide pretreated wheat straw by engineered Neurospora crassa HL10. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 47:1683\u20131690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00449-024-03061-w","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"},{"key":"1125_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3390\/SU17010287","volume":"17","author":"A Wo\u017aniak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wo\u017aniak A, Kuligowski K, \u015awierczek L, Cenian A (2025) Review of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment using physical, thermal and chemical methods for higher yields in bioethanol production. Sustainability 17:287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/SU17010287","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1125_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115186","DOI":"10.1016\/J.INDCROP.2022.115186","volume":"186","author":"Y Yoo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yoo Y, Oh YR, Eom GT (2022) Valorization of cellulose in waste paper into value-added cellobionic acid by genetically engineered Pseudomonas taetrolens. Ind Crops Prod 186:115186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.INDCROP.2022.115186","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"1125_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/S13068-021-02054-1","volume":"14","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Jiang B, Chen H, Wu W, Wu S, Jin Y, Xiao H (2021) Recent advances in understanding the effects of lignin structural characteristics on enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnol Biofuels 14:205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13068-021-02054-1","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels"},{"key":"1125_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.3390\/PR10061048","volume":"10","author":"T Zerback","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zerback T, Schumacher B, Weinrich S, H\u00fclsemann B, Nelles M (2022) Hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw\u2014evaluating the effect of substrate disintegration on the digestibility in anaerobic digestion. Processes 10:1048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PR10061048","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"1125_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2017.09.203","volume":"249","author":"J Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wang YH, Wei QY, Du XJ, Qu YS (2018) Investigating desorption during ethanol elution to improve the quality and antioxidant activity of xylo-oligosaccharides from corn stalk. Bioresour Technol 249:342\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2017.09.203","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"1125_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129727","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2023.129727","volume":"388","author":"L Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu L, Tang W, Ma C, He YC (2023) Efficient co-production of reducing sugars and xylooligosaccharides via clean hydrothermal pretreatment of rape straw. Bioresour Technol 388:129727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIORTECH.2023.129727","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"}],"container-title":["Bioresources and Bioprocessing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40643-026-01125-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40643-026-01125-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40643-026-01125-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:02:38Z","timestamp":1790449358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40643-026-01125-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40643-026-01125-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"142"}}