{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:04:41Z","timestamp":1789625081913,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioresour. Bioprocess."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study presents a sustainable approach for recovering bioactive compounds from grapefruit (\n                      <jats:italic>Citrus paradisi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) peel using a glycerol\u2013glucose-based deep eutectic solvent as a green extraction medium. Spectroscopic characterization confirmed the formation of stable hydrogen-bonded eutectic networks within the solvent systems. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box\u2013Behnken design was employed to systematically investigate the effects of solvent concentration, solvent-to-solid ratio, and extraction time on phytochemical recovery and antioxidant activity. The extraction process was successfully optimized using RSM, with the optimum conditions identified as 74% water-content Aq-DES, 20\u00a0min sonication time, and a solvent-to-solid ratio of 35\u00a0mL\/g. Under these conditions, the optimized extract exhibited total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 86.33\u00a0mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)\/g DW and 5.93\u00a0mg rutin equivalents (RE)\/g DW, respectively, along with strong antioxidant activities, achieving 87.40% scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and 55.09% scavenging of 2,2\u2032-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline\u22126-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals. The developed RSM models demonstrated strong statistical adequacy and reliable predictive performance. Furthermore, the optimized extracts exhibited notable antibacterial activity against\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , producing inhibition zones of 21 and 20\u00a0mm, respectively, in the undiluted extract. Overall, the findings demonstrate that glycerol\u2013glucose deep eutectic solvent based microwave pretreated ultrasound-assisted extraction provides an efficient, rapid, and environmental friendly strategy for valorizing grapefruit peel waste into high-value antioxidant and antimicrobial products, with promising potential for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-026-01137-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:51:18Z","timestamp":1789624278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimized microwave pretreatment and ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction for efficient valorization of Citrus paradisi peel bioactives"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Saira","family":"Zumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4312-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faiza","family":"Imtiaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman A.","family":"Almehizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad A.","family":"Assiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arfaa","family":"Sajid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qaisar","family":"Manzoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Tauseef","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1137_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31020233","volume":"31","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ahmed S, Bojilov D, Exner G, Dagnon S, Manolov S, Ivanov IJ (2026) Solvatochromic polarity, physicochemical properties, and spectral analysis of new triple NADES-based on urea\u2013glycerol. Molecules 31:233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31020233","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1137_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.12.009","volume":"108","author":"MA Al-Farsi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-Farsi MA, Lee CY (2008) Optimization of phenolics and dietary fibre extraction from date seeds. Food Chem 108:977\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.12.009","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"1137_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.greeac.2023.100080","volume":"7","author":"S Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali S, Ahmed D (2023) Comparing DES-mediated ultrasound- and heat-assisted extraction of bioactive metabolites from Saussurea lappa and optimization by RSM and validation studies. Green Anal Chem 7:100080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.greeac.2023.100080","journal-title":"Green Anal Chem"},{"key":"1137_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Altarjami LR (2025) Anticancer and antioxidant activities of polyphenolic pomegranate peel extracts obtained by a novel hybrid ultrasound-microwave method: in vitro and in vivo studies in albino mice with HeLa, colon, and HepG2 cancerous cell lines. Pak Vet J 45:723\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29261\/pakvetj\/2025154","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2025154"},{"key":"1137_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010038","volume":"12","author":"MA Andrade","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andrade MA, Barbosa CH, Shah MA, Ahmad N, Vilarinho F, Khwaldia K, Ramos F (2022) Citrus by-products: valuable source of bioactive compounds for food applications. Antioxidants 12:38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12010038","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"1137_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.75457","volume":"2","author":"HV Annegowda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Annegowda HV, Anwar LN, Mordi MN, Ramanathan S, Mansor SM (2010) Influence of sonication on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Terminalia catappa L. leaves. Pharmacogn Res 2:368\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-8490.75457","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Res"},{"key":"1137_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.145931","author":"A Awari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Awari A, Kaushik D, Oz F, Kumar M (2025) Deep eutectic solvents assisted green extraction and bioevaluation of phenolic compounds from Piper nigrum and Murraya koenigii. Food Chem. 145931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.145931","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"1137_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barretto R, Hong S, Sun XS, Li Y, Jones C, Wilkins M, et al. (2026) Fully biobased wood adhesive from hempseed protein via glucose\u2013citric acid crosslinking. Adhesives 104436.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2026.104436"},{"key":"1137_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13044-2","volume":"108","author":"HM Bedair","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bedair HM, Samir TM, Mansour FR (2024) Antibacterial and antifungal activities of natural deep eutectic solvents. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 108:198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-024-13044-2","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"1137_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.02.041","volume":"1285","author":"W Bi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bi W, Tian M, Row KH (2013) Evaluation of alcohol-based deep eutectic solvent in extraction and determination of flavonoids with response surface methodology optimization. J Chromatogr A 1285:22\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.02.041","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"1137_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2018.07.001","volume":"48","author":"S Chanioti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chanioti S, Tzia CJ (2018) Extraction of phenolic compounds from olive pomace by using natural deep eutectic solvents and innovative extraction techniques. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 48:228\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ifset.2018.07.001","journal-title":"Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol"},{"key":"1137_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10144830","volume":"10","author":"N Dabeti\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dabeti\u0107 N, Todorovi\u0107 V, Pani\u0107 M, Radoj\u010di\u0107 Redovnikovi\u0107 I, \u0160obaji\u0107 SJAs (2020) Impact of deep eutectic solvents on extraction of polyphenols from grape seeds and skin. Appl Sci 10:4830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10144830","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"1137_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2025.119251","volume":"992","author":"BA Fernandes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fernandes BA, Buoro RMJJoEC (2025) Development of a glucose\/tartaric acid\/glycerol based ternary natural deep eutectic solvent modified carbon paste electrode for carbendazim sensing. J Electroanal Chem 992:119251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jelechem.2025.119251","journal-title":"J Electroanal Chem"},{"key":"1137_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30193862","volume":"30","author":"DS Freitas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Freitas DS, Ribeiro A, Cavaco-Paulo A, Silva C (2025) The versatility of NADES across applications. Molecules 30:3862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30193862","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1137_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1072592","volume":"13","author":"A Garc\u00eda-Rold\u00e1n","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Rold\u00e1n A, Piriou L, Jauregi PJ (2023) Natural deep eutectic solvents as a green extraction of polyphenols from spent coffee ground with enhanced bioactivities. Front Plant Sci 13:1072592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.1072592","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"1137_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Glavcheva-Laleva Z, Kerekov S, Pavlov D, Glavchev IJ (2015) Obtaining of modifiers for reduced friction by esterification of waste glycerol from biodiesel production and Sylfat 2. Chem Eng Sci 3:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12691\/ces-3-1-1","DOI":"10.12691\/ces-3-1-1"},{"key":"1137_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-021-02263-6","volume":"12","author":"S Hilali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hilali S, Wils L, Chevalley A, Clement-Larosiere B, Boudesocque-Delaye LJ (2022) Glycerol-based NaDES as green solvents for ultrasound-assisted extraction of phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis\u2014RSM optimization and ANN modelling. Biomass Convers Biorefinery 12:157\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13399-021-02263-6","journal-title":"Biomass Convers Biorefinery"},{"key":"1137_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2025.114822","volume":"217","author":"S Iftikhar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iftikhar S, Ahmed DJ (2025) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from fresh tea leaves using sodium acetate-glycerol DES and hydro-glycerol as extractants: RSM-based process optimization. Microchem J 217:114822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2025.114822","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"1137_CR19","first-page":"27","volume":"33","author":"F Imtiaz","year":"2026","unstructured":"Imtiaz F, Ahmed D (2026) RSM-based microwave-and ultrasound-assisted bioactive compounds extraction and isolation from Quercus infectoria and anti-viral docking studies. Arab J Basic Appl Sci 33:27\u201347.","journal-title":"Arab J Basic Appl Sci"},{"key":"1137_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2023.101212","volume":"35","author":"F Imtiaz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Imtiaz F, Ahmed D, Abdullah RH, Ihsan S (2023) Green extraction of bioactive compounds from Thuja orientalis leaves using microwave-and ultrasound-assisted extraction and optimization by response surface methodology. Sustain Chem Pharm 35:101212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scp.2023.101212","journal-title":"Sustain Chem Pharm"},{"key":"1137_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110083","volume":"199","author":"F Imtiaz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Imtiaz F, Saif Z, Sajid A, Nazir A, Manzoor Q, Saleem A et al (2024) Role of glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents for extraction of phytochemicals from Cichorium intybus seeds: optimization by response surface methodology. Microchem J 199:110083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110083","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"1137_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040724","volume":"11","author":"M Ivanovi\u0107","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ivanovi\u0107 M, Gruji\u0107 D, Cerar J, Islam\u010devi\u0107 Razbor\u0161ek M, Topali\u0107-Trivunovi\u0107 L, Savi\u0107 A et al (2022) Extraction of bioactive metabolites from Achillea millefolium L. with choline chloride based natural deep eutectic solvents: a study of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Antioxidants 11:724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11040724","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"1137_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1134\/S1063785014080215","volume":"40","author":"VI Ivanov-Omskii","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ivanov-Omskii VI (2014) Characteristics of hydrogen bonds in D-glucose. Tech Phys Lett 40:690\u2013692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S1063785014080215","journal-title":"Tech Phys Lett"},{"key":"1137_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/jpri\/2019\/v28i330203","volume":"28","author":"DR Joshi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joshi DR, Adhikari N (2019) An overview on common organic solvents and their toxicity. J Pharm Res Int 28:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/jpri\/2019\/v28i330203","journal-title":"J Pharm Res Int"},{"key":"1137_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4010","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-024-03699-0","volume":"18","author":"M-A Karadendrou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Karadendrou M-A, Botsi Y, Detsi A, Tzani A (2025) Investigation of the ability of natural deep eutectic solvents to act as efficient extraction media for chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Food Bioprod Process 18:4010\u20134024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11947-024-03699-0","journal-title":"Food Bioprod Process"},{"key":"1137_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2005.11.004","volume":"13","author":"R Kidak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kidak R, Ince NH (2006) Ultrasonic destruction of phenol and substituted phenols: a review of current research. Ultrason Sonochem 13:195\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2005.11.004","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"1137_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s13765-017-0303-y","volume":"60","author":"I Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim I, Lee J (2017) Comparison of different extraction solvents and sonication times for characterization of antioxidant activity and polyphenol composition in mulberry (Morus alba L.). Appl Biol Chem 60:509\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13765-017-0303-y","journal-title":"Appl Biol Chem"},{"key":"1137_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar A, Kumar M, Jose A, Tomer V, Oz E, et al (2023) Major phytochemicals: recent advances in health benefits and extraction method. Molecules 28:887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28020887","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020887"},{"key":"1137_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4122","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO05292C","volume":"15","author":"M\u010c Lazovi\u0107","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lazovi\u0107 M\u010c, Jovi\u0107 MD, Petrovi\u0107 M, Dimki\u0107 IZ, Ga\u0161i\u0107 UM, Opsenica DM et al (2024) Potential application of green extracts rich in phenolics for innovative functional foods: natural deep eutectic solvents as media for isolation of biocompounds from berries. Food Funct 15:4122\u20134139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D3FO05292C","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"1137_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063381","volume":"23","author":"JK Ling","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ling JK, Hadinoto K (2022) Deep eutectic solvent as green solvent in extraction of biological macromolecules: a review. Int J Mol Sci 23:3381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23063381","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1137_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2022.106061","volume":"87","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhang D, Li X, Xiao J, Guo L (2022) Enhancement of ultrasound-assisted extraction of sulforaphane from broccoli seeds via the application of microwave pretreatment. Ultrason Sonochem 87:106061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2022.106061","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"1137_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245842","volume":"25","author":"DP Makris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Makris DP, Lalas S (2020) Glycerol and glycerol-based deep eutectic mixtures as emerging green solvents for polyphenol extraction: the evidence so far. Molecules 25:5842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25245842","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1137_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.17344\/acsi.2024.8960","volume":"72","author":"N Maqsood","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maqsood N, Ahmed D (2025) Microwave-assisted extraction of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin from green chili with process optimization as per response surface methodology. Acta Chim Slov 72:623\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17344\/acsi.2024.8960","journal-title":"Acta Chim Slov"},{"key":"1137_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2025.107434","volume":"120","author":"Y Meng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meng Y, Zou W, Guo T, Zhang L, Zhang P, Shu P (2025) Optimization of ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction, characterization, and bioactivities of flavonoids from Cercis glabra leaves. Ultrason Sonochem 120:107434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2025.107434","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"1137_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2018.05.052","volume":"206","author":"B Ozturk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ozturk B, Parkinson C, Gonzalez-Miquel M (2018) Extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from orange peel waste using deep eutectic solvents. Sep Purif Technol 206:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seppur.2018.05.052","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"1137_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app142210409","volume":"14","author":"ON Pozharitskaya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pozharitskaya ON, Obluchinskaya ED, Shikova VA, Flisyuk EV, Vishnyakov EV, Makarevich EV, Shikov AN (2024) Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of lactic acid-based natural deep eutectic solvents as a function of water content. Appl Sci (Basel) 14:10409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app142210409","journal-title":"Appl Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"1137_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qadeer I, Aslam HKW, Tayyib M, Hasddin, Ali Q (2025) Ultrasound applications in bioactive peel compounds: enhancing gut, food, and plant health. J Glob Innov Agric Sci 13:1245\u20131256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22194\/JGIAS\/25.1891","DOI":"10.22194\/JGIAS\/25.1891"},{"key":"1137_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-achem.28","volume":"5","author":"MR Ramon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramon MR, Durand E, Garcia-Sosa K, Pe\u00f1a-Rodr\u00edguez LM (2023) Exploring the potential of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in bioactive natural product research: from DES to NaDES, THEDES, and beyond. PeerJ Anal Chem 5:28.","journal-title":"PeerJ Anal Chem"},{"key":"1137_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.174811","volume":"533","author":"D Ren","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ren D, Yang Y, Fang M, Xie T, Li K, Zhang J et al (2026) Synergistic effects of viscosity and Kamlet-Taft parameters in deep eutectic solvents for enhanced extraction of flavonoids from citrus waste. Chem Eng J 533:174811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2026.174811","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"1137_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rueangsri K, Lasunon P, Kwantrairat S, Taweejun N (2025) Effect of ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction on phenolic compounds from Nymphaea pubescens Willd. and its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Int J Agric Biosci 14:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47278\/journal.ijab\/2024.187","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.ijab\/2024.187"},{"key":"1137_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2024.139675","volume":"1321","author":"A Sajid","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sajid A, Manzoor Q, Sajid A, Imtiaz F, Mumtaz MA, Fatima N et al (2025) In vitro and in silico studies of terpenes extracted from Cymbopogon flexuosus leaves against human myeloid leukemia as an inhibitor of NF-\u03baB activation signaling pathway. J Mol Struct 1321:139675.","journal-title":"J Mol Struct"},{"key":"1137_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1021\/acssusresmgt.5c00365","volume":"2","author":"J Santos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Santos J, Rocha D, Ven\u00e2ncio A, Silva C (2025) Glycerol-based deep eutectic mixtures for grape pomace waste valorization and ochratoxin A degradation. ACS Sustain Resour Manag 2:2274\u20132282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssusresmgt.5c00365","journal-title":"ACS Sustain Resour Manag"},{"key":"1137_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70381","volume":"90","author":"L Shi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shi L, Wu YY, Zhu YT, Yu TS, Zhou Y, Xie MD, Pang HQ (2025) The rise of green solvents: application and efficiency of deep eutectic solvents in the extraction of flavonoids. J Food Sci 90:70381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1750-3841.70381","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"1137_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/separations12100269","volume":"12","author":"P Shu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shu P, Fan S, Liu S, Meng Y, Wang N, Guo S et al (2025a) Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of flavonoids from Cercis chinensis seeds: optimization, kinetics and antioxidant activity. Separations 12:269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/separations12100269","journal-title":"Separations"},{"key":"1137_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2025.107535","volume":"121","author":"P Shu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shu P, Wang N, Meng Y, Fan S, Liu S, Fan X et al (2025b) Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of polysaccharides from Cercis chinensis bark: optimization, kinetics and antioxidant activities. Ultrason Sonochem 121:107535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2025.107535","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"1137_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2026.07.016","volume":"159","author":"P Shu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shu P, Chen S, Chen Y, Yin H, Zhang Z, Yang H et al (2026a) Synergistic ultrasound and deep eutectic solvent-based extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Food Bioprod Process 159:498\u2013516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fbp.2026.07.016","journal-title":"Food Bioprod Process"},{"key":"1137_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.122536","volume":"239","author":"P Shu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shu P, Liu S, Wang N, Fan S, Meng Y, Fan X et al (2026b) Efficient extraction of flavonoids from Cercis chinensis bark using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents: process optimization, characterization, kinetic studies, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities. Ind Crops Prod 239:122536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.122536","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"1137_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.107756","volume":"126","author":"P Shu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shu P, Wang N, Fan X, Zhang Z, Yin H, Meng Y et al (2026c) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Cercis chinensis flowers using deep eutectic solvents: optimization, characterization, kinetics and bioactivity. Ultrason Sonochem 126:107756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.107756","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"1137_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.107791","author":"P Shu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shu P, Yin H, Zhang Z, Yang H, Chen S, Chen Y et al (2026d) Efficient extraction of Cercis chinensis seeds polysaccharides by ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent: process optimization, identification, kinetics and bioactivity. Ultrason Sonochem. 107791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2026.107791","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"1137_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2026.122910","volume":"242","author":"P Shu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shu P, Zou W, Meng Y, He J, Guo T, Fan X et al (2026e) Ultrasound-assisted combined with natural deep eutectic solvents for complanatoside A extraction: optimization, identification, and bioactivity evaluation. Ind Crops Prod 242:122910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.indcrop.2026.122910","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"1137_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpe.14119","volume":"46","author":"M Singla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singla M, Singh A, Sit N (2023) Effect of microwave and enzymatic pretreatment and type of solvent on kinetics of ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from ripe papaya peel. J Food Process Eng 46:14119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfpe.14119","journal-title":"J Food Process Eng"},{"key":"1137_CR52","unstructured":"Swebocki T (2024) Deep eutectic solvents: From structural and high frequency characterization to antimicrobial applications. Universit\u00e9 de Lille."},{"key":"1137_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tahir F, Fatima F, Fatima R, Ali E (2024) Fruit peel extracted polyphenols through ultrasonic assisted extraction: a review. Agrobiol Rec 15:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47278\/journal.abr\/2023.043","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.abr\/2023.043"},{"key":"1137_CR54","first-page":"551","volume":"18","author":"P Tan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tan P, Tan C, Ho C (2011) Antioxidant properties: effects of solid-to-solvent ratio on antioxidant compounds and capacities of Pegaga (Centella asiatica). Int Food Res J 18:551\u2013558.","journal-title":"Int Food Res J"},{"key":"1137_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tourabi M, Faiz K, Ezzouggari R, Louast\u00e9 B, Merzouki M, Dauelbait M, Bourhia M, Almaary KS, Siddique F, Lyoussi B (2025) Optimization of extraction process and solvent polarities to enhance the recovery of phytochemical compounds, nutritional content, and biofunctional properties of Mentha longifolia L. extracts. Bioresour. Bioprocess 12:24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-025-00859-8"},{"key":"1137_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"tul Kubra K, Ahmed D, Aydar AY, Qamar MT (2023) Ultrasound- and heat-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizin from licorice by two glycerol-based DESs modeling and optimization as per response surface methodology. Sustain Chem Pharm 31:100910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scp.2022.100910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2022.100910"},{"key":"1137_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su17146347","volume":"17","author":"M Vidi\u0107","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vidi\u0107 M, Gruji\u0107-Leti\u0107 N, Teofilovi\u0107 B, Gligori\u0107 E (2025) Towards a green and sustainable valorization of Salix amplexicaulis: integrating natural deep eutectic solvents and microwave-assisted extraction for enhanced recovery of phenolic compounds. Sustainability 17:6347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su17146347","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1137_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2007.04.014","volume":"9","author":"K Vilkhu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vilkhu K, Mawson R, Simons L, Bates D (2008) Applications and opportunities for ultrasound assisted extraction in the food industry\u2014a review. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 9:161\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ifset.2007.04.014","journal-title":"Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol"},{"key":"1137_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5018","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b05642","volume":"7","author":"WMA Wan Mahmood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wan Mahmood WMA, Lorwirachsutee A, Theodoropoulos C, Gonzalez-Miquel M (2019) Polyol-based deep eutectic solvents for extraction of natural polyphenolic antioxidants from Chlorella vulgaris. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7:5018\u20135026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b05642","journal-title":"ACS Sustain Chem Eng"},{"key":"1137_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.12.032","volume":"170","author":"G Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang G, Cui Q, Yin LJ, Zheng X, Gao MZ, Meng Y et al (2019) Efficient extraction of flavonoids from Flos Sophorae Immaturus by tailored and sustainable deep eutectic solvent as green extraction media. J Pharm Biomed Anal 170:285\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.12.032","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"1137_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.62324\/SR\/2025.024","volume":"2","author":"S Waseem","year":"2026","unstructured":"Waseem S, Ali M, Arshad M (2026) Optimizing ultrasonic assisted extraction of proteins from pumpkin seeds for cookie fortification. Sci Rec 2:83\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62324\/SR\/2025.024","journal-title":"Sci Rec"},{"key":"1137_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-025-00885-6","volume":"12","author":"Y Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie Y, Zhang L, Wu W, Xie J, Gao B, Xiao Y, Zhu DJ (2025) Sustainable and green extraction of citrus peel essential oil using intermittent solvent-free microwave technology. Bioresour Bioprocess 12:48.","journal-title":"Bioresour Bioprocess"}],"container-title":["Bioresources and Bioprocessing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40643-026-01137-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40643-026-01137-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40643-026-01137-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:51:21Z","timestamp":1789624281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40643-026-01137-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40643-026-01137-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study did not involve the use of human participants or animal subjects.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"138"}}