{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:36:20Z","timestamp":1783427780313,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["cancer imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with small-sized peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but without lymph node metastasis, may be optimal candidates for sublobar resection. We aim to identify the predictors of occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (PET\/CT) in clinically node-negative, small-sized NSCLC.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>One hundred thirty nine patients with small-sized NSCLC (of less than 3\u00a0cm in diameter) who underwent surgical resection with mediastinal lymph node dissection were evaluated. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic total volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumor were measured on pretreatment PET\/CT. These metabolic parameters and pathological variables were analyzed for OLNM.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The mean tumor size was 2.11\u2009\u00b1\u20090.63\u00a0cm, and the mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 19.74\u2009\u00b1\u200912.86. Adenocarcinoma occurred in 106 patients (76.3\u00a0%). Twenty-four patients (17.2\u00a0%) had lymph node metastasis. The mean SUVmax, MTV and TLG were 4.61\u2009\u00b1\u20093.99 (0.5\u2009~\u200917.8), 4.18\u2009\u00b1\u20096.39 (0\u2009~\u200934.6) and 16.13\u2009\u00b1\u200928.86 (0\u2009~\u2009164.2), respectively. On receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the areas under the curve (AUC) for SUVmax, MTV and TLG for node metastasis were 0.753, 0.783 and 0.775, respectively. On multivariate analysis, SUVmax (Odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.120, p\u2009=\u20090.044) and MTV (OR\u2009=\u20091.117, p\u2009=\u20090.007) were found to be risk factors for OLNM. The concordance index of MTV was 0.763, which was slightly higher than that of SUVmax.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SUVmax and volume-based parameters are significant risk factors for OLNM in small peripheral NSCLC. MTV showed a better predictive performance than that of the other PET parameters; therefore, MTV may be a possible indicator for sublobar resection in clinically node-negative small-sized NSCLC.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-015-0058-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T13:13:28Z","timestamp":1450790008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Prediction of occult lymph node metastasis using volume-based PET parameters in small-sized peripheral non-small cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Seong Yong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon-Kee","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Joo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"58_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.02.063","volume":"132","author":"M Okada","year":"2006","unstructured":"Okada M, Koike T, Higashiyama M, Yamato Y, Kodama K, Tsubota N. Radical sublobar resection for small-sized non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;132:769\u201375.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"58_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.03.015","volume":"84","author":"H Nakayama","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakayama H, Yamada K, Saito H, Oshita F, Ito H, Kameda Y, et al. Sublobar resection for patients with peripheral small adenocarcinomas of the lung: surgical outcome is associated with features on computed tomographic imaging. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;84:1675\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"58_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102873","volume":"365","author":"T National Lung Screening Trial Resea","year":"2011","unstructured":"National Lung Screening Trial Research T, Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD, Black WC, Clapp JD, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:395\u2013409.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"58_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)02223-2","volume":"71","author":"M Okada","year":"2001","unstructured":"Okada M, Yoshikawa K, Hatta T, Tsubota N. Is segmentectomy with lymph node assessment an alternative to lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer of 2\u00a0cm or smaller? Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71:956\u201360. discussion 961.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"58_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03466-X","volume":"73","author":"K Yoshikawa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yoshikawa K, Tsubota N, Kodama K, Ayabe H, Taki T, Mori T. Prospective study of extended segmentectomy for small lung tumors: the final report. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:1055\u20138. discussion 1058\u20131059.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"58_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivr065","volume":"14","author":"M Okada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okada M, Tsutani Y, Ikeda T, Misumi K, Matsumoto K, Yoshimura M, et al. Radical hybrid video-assisted thoracic segmentectomy: long-term results of minimally invasive anatomical sublobar resection for treating lung cancer. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012;14:5\u201311.","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"58_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-8-231","volume":"8","author":"L Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin L, Hu D, Zhong C, Zhao H. Safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic wedge resection for elderly high-risk patients with stage I peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;8:231.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"58_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.07.012","volume":"144","author":"Y Tsutani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsutani Y, Miyata Y, Nakayama H, Okumura S, Adachi S, Yoshimura M, et al. Prediction of pathologic node-negative clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma for optimal candidates undergoing sublobar resection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;144:1365\u201371.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"58_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-011-1934-6","volume":"39","author":"S Liao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liao S, Penney BC, Wroblewski K, Zhang H, Simon CA, Kampalath R, et al. Prognostic value of metabolic tumor burden on 18\u00a0F-FDG PET in nonsurgical patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:27\u201338.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"58_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-013-1545-7","volume":"140","author":"HW Chung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chung HW, Lee KY, Kim HJ, Kim WS, So Y. FDG PET\/CT metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis predict prognosis in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2014;140:89\u201398.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"58_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-013-2530-8","volume":"41","author":"SH Hyun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hyun SH, Ahn HK, Kim H, Ahn MJ, Park K, Ahn YC, et al. Volume-based assessment by (18)F-FDG PET\/CT predicts survival in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:50\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"58_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318262a6ec","volume":"257","author":"SH Hyun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hyun SH, Choi JY, Kim K, Kim J, Shim YM, Um SW, et al. Volume-based parameters of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography improve outcome prediction in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer after surgical resection. Ann Surg. 2013;257:364\u201370.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"58_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2013.07.092","volume":"39","author":"G Melloni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Melloni G, Gajate AM, Sestini S, Gallivanone F, Bandiera A, Landoni C, et al. New positron emission tomography derived parameters as predictive factors for recurrence in resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2013;39:1254\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"58_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.114.147561","volume":"56","author":"SY Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park SY, Cho A, Yu WS, Lee CY, Lee JG, Kim DJ, et al. Prognostic value of total lesion glycolysis by 18\u00a0F-FDG PET\/CT in surgically resected stage IA non-small cell lung cancer. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:45\u20139.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"58_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2014.09.006","volume":"86","author":"M Kishimoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kishimoto M, Iwano S, Ito S, Kato K, Ito R, Naganawa S. Prognostic evaluations of small size lung cancers by 18\u00a0F-FDG PET\/CT and thin-section CT. Lung Cancer. 2014;86:180\u20134.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"58_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-011-9567-4","volume":"26","author":"S Kundu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kundu S, Aulchenko YS, van Duijn CM, Janssens AC. PredictABEL: an R package for the assessment of risk prediction models. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011;26:261\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"58_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2014.09.004","volume":"86","author":"AD Sihoe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sihoe AD, Van Schil P. Non-small cell lung cancer: when to offer sublobar resection. Lung Cancer. 2014;86:115\u201320.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"58_CR18","first-page":"134","volume":"3","author":"C Cao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cao C, Gupta S, Chandrakumar D, Tian DH, Black D, Yan TD. Meta-analysis of intentional sublobar resections versus lobectomy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2014;3:134\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"58_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2831-6","volume":"41","author":"DH Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim DH, Song BI, Hong CM, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, et al. Metabolic parameters using (1)(8)F-FDG PET\/CT correlate with occult lymph node metastasis in squamous cell lung carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:2051\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"58_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-013-0260-2","volume":"48","author":"MK Rahim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rahim MK, Kim SE, So H, Kim HJ, Cheon GJ, Lee ES, et al. Recent Trends in PET Image Interpretations Using Volumetric and Texture-based Quantification Methods in Nuclear Oncology. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;48:1\u201315.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"58_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31818307a7","volume":"3","author":"H Vesselle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vesselle H, Salskov A, Turcotte E, Wiens L, Schmidt R, Jordan CD, et al. Relationship between non-small cell lung cancer FDG uptake at PET, tumor histology, and Ki-67 proliferation index. J Thorac Oncol. 2008;3:971\u20138.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"58_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181a97df7","volume":"4","author":"C Dooms","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dooms C, van Baardwijk A, Verbeken E, van Suylen RJ, Stroobants S, De Ruysscher D, et al. Association between 18\u00a0F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake values and tumor vitality: prognostic value of positron emission tomography in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2009;4:822\u20138.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"58_CR23","first-page":"1519","volume":"45","author":"R Boellaard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boellaard R, Krak NC, Hoekstra OS, Lammertsma AA. Effects of noise, image resolution, and ROI definition on the accuracy of standard uptake values: a simulation study. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:1519\u201327.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"58_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.106.035774","volume":"48","author":"M Soret","year":"2007","unstructured":"Soret M, Bacharach SL, Buvat I. Partial-volume effect in PET tumor imaging. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:932\u201345.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"58_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-006-0224-1","volume":"34","author":"M Westerterp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Westerterp M, Pruim J, Oyen W, Hoekstra O, Paans A, Visser E, et al. Quantification of FDG PET studies using standardised uptake values in multi-centre trials: effects of image reconstruction, resolution and ROI definition parameters. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007;34:392\u2013404.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"58_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2012.11.002","volume":"18","author":"A Lebioda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lebioda A, Makarewicz R, Malkowski B, Dancewicz M, Kowalewski J, Windorbska W. Measurement of primary tumor volume by PET-CT to evaluate risk of mediastinal nodal involvement in NSCLC patients with clinically negative N2 lymph nodes. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother. 2013;18:76\u201381.","journal-title":"Rep Pract Oncol Radiother"},{"key":"58_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.11.008","volume":"65","author":"HS Shim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shim HS, Park IK, Lee CY, Chung KY. Prognostic significance of visceral pleural invasion in the forthcoming (seventh) edition of TNM classification for lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2009;65:161\u20135.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"}],"container-title":["Cancer Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40644-015-0058-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40644-015-0058-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40644-015-0058-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40644-015-0058-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T06:22:17Z","timestamp":1737786137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cancerimagingjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40644-015-0058-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["58"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40644-015-0058-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-7330"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-7330","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"21"}}