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They account for up to 10% of pediatric tumors, making early recognition important for reducing morbidity and mortality. Because these syndromes show variable penetrance and a wide range of clinical presentations even within the same family, identifying affected children can be challenging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main body<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Imaging is an essential tool for diagnosis, surveillance and follow-up of children with cancer predisposition syndromes. In this review we summarize the main clinical and imaging features of Neurofibromatosis type 1, Neurofibromatosis type 2, von Hippel\u2013Lindau disease, PTEN-hamartoma tumor syndrome, Beckwith\u2013Wiedemann syndrome, and multiple endocrine neoplasia. The goal is to help radiologists and clinicians identify these conditions earlier and improve patient care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A clear understanding of the clinical and imaging features of cancer predisposition syndromes can support earlier identification, closer surveillance, and improved outcomes. Radiologists play a crucial role in recognizing characteristic patterns and guiding timely management for affected children and their families.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-026-01003-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T04:37:04Z","timestamp":1771303024000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cancer predisposition syndromes: an imaging review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Livja","family":"Mertiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huy Brandon","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denada","family":"Mertiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Lequin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilesh K.","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry A. 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