{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:52:32Z","timestamp":1791460352181,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large language models (LLMs) can automate the conversion of radiologic free text into structured reports, but multidisciplinary reader preferences for the resulting output remain insufficiently studied. This prospective, two-phase, fixed-sequence within-participant study evaluated reader assessments of LLM-structured versus conventional free-text oncologic CT reports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material &amp; Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A paired convenience sample of radiologists, radiology technologists, oncologists, and medical students was recruited between May and November 2025. In Phase 1, participants rated 5 free-text oncologic CT reports for readability and comprehension (3 items), oncologic information quality (5 items), and clinical utility (4 items) on a 9-point Likert scale. After a washout of at least 4\u2009weeks, participants rated the LLM-structured version generated by Llama-4-Scout-17B-16E-Instruct.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-six paired participants (24 medical students, 22 radiologists, 12 radiology technologists, 8 oncologists) were included (mean [standard deviation] age, 30.5 [7.6] years; 37 [56.1%] female). Structured reports showed significantly higher odds of agreement for 11 of 12 items (odds ratio [OR] range, 1.70\u20134.81), with strongest effects for clinical utility (OR, 4.81; 95% CI, 3.24\u20137.15), information findability (OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 3.12\u20135.96), recommendation clarity (OR, 4.14; 95% CI, 2.95\u20135.83), and patient communication suitability (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 2.59\u20134.60). Radiology technologists showed significantly higher ratings for all 12 items, radiologists for 6, students for 7, and oncologists for none.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-center paired sample, LLM-structured oncologic CT reports received higher reader ratings than conventional free-text reports across most evaluated dimensions, with the largest differences observed for information findability and clinical utility. These findings support further evaluation of radiologist-supervised LLM-assisted report structuring, including formal source-to-output validation and randomized multicenter assessment, before clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-026-01137-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:43:40Z","timestamp":1791456220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidisciplinary attitudes towards LLM-structured oncologic CT reports: a prospective fixed-sequence questionnaire study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Busch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander W.","family":"Marka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilly F.","family":"Wingberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Prucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quirin","family":"Strotzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Lammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai J.","family":"Borm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Peeken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus R.","family":"Makowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa C.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keno K.","family":"Bressem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1137_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101913","volume":"260","author":"LH Schwartz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwartz LH, Panicek DM, Berk AR, et al. 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None of the other authors declares potential conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"140"}}