{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T21:52:36Z","timestamp":1784238756196,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["16K19882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K19882"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJNMMI Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Quantitative evaluation of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) with standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) plays a key role in clinical studies of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). We have proposed a PET-only (MR-free) amyloid quantification method, although some commercial software packages are required. The aim of this study was to develop an automated quantification tool for amyloid PET without using commercial software.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The quantification tool was created by combining four components: (1) anatomical standardization to positive and negative templates using NEUROSTAT <jats:italic>stereo.exe<\/jats:italic>; (2) similarity calculation between standardized images and respective templates based on normalized cross-correlation (selection of the image for SUVR measurement); (3) voxel value normalization by the mean value of reference regions (making an SUVR-scaled image); and (4) SUVR calculation based on pre-defined regions of interest (ROIs). We examined 166 subjects who underwent a [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C] Pittsburgh compound-B PET scan through the Japanese Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (J-ADNI) study. SUVRs in five ROIs (frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus) were calculated with the cerebellar cortex as the reference region. The SUVRs obtained by our tool were compared with manual step-by-step processing and the conventional PMOD-based method (PMOD Technologies, Switzerland).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Compared with manual step-by-step processing, our developed automated quantification tool reduced processing time by 85%. The SUVRs obtained by the developed quantification tool were consistent with those obtained by manual processing. Compared with the conventional PMOD-based method, the developed quantification tool provided 1.5% lower SUVR values, on average. We determined that this bias is likely due to the difference in anatomical standardization methods.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We developed an automated quantification tool for amyloid PET images. Using this tool, SUVR values can be quickly measured without individual MRI and without commercial software. This quantification tool may be useful for clinical studies of AD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-020-00329-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T12:03:11Z","timestamp":1601380991000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development and evaluation of an automated quantification tool for amyloid PET images"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yuma","family":"Tsubaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Akamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Katsube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Takashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4191-2861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayuki","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Japanese Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"329_CR1","unstructured":"Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Comprehensive Strategy for Promotion of Policy Measures against Dementia. (New Orange Plan). 2017. https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/file\/06-Seisakujouhou-12300000-Roukenkyoku\/kaitei_orangeplan.pdf. (in Japanese). Accessed 8 June 2020."},{"issue":"11","key":"329_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.52.962","volume":"52","author":"T Asada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Asada T. Prevalence of Dementia in Japan: Past, Present and Future. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2012;52(11):962\u20134.","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"issue":"2","key":"329_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1386-3","volume":"129","author":"KL Viola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Viola KL, Klein WL. Amyloid \u03b2 oligomers in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, treatment, and diagnosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2015;129(2):183\u2013206.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"329_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24711","volume":"80","author":"H Cho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cho H, Choi JY, Hwang MS, et al. In vivo cortical spreading pattern of tau and amyloid in the Alzheimer disease spectrum. Ann Neurol. 2016;80(2):247\u201358.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"329_CR5","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Nuclear Medicine Technology","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sasaki M, Kuwahara Y. Nuclear Medicine Technology. Tokyo: Nanzando Co.Ltd; 2016. p. 229\u201330."},{"issue":"3","key":"329_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20009","volume":"55","author":"WE Klunk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klunk WE, Engler H, Nordberg A, et al. Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer's disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B. Ann Neurol. 2004;55(3):306\u201319.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"329_CR7","first-page":"1959","volume":"46","author":"BJ Lopresti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lopresti BJ, Klunk WE, Mathis CA, et al. Simplified quantification of Pittsburgh Compound B amyloid imaging PET studies: a comparative analysis. J Nucl Med. 2005;46(12):1959\u201372.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"329_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70043-0","volume":"9","author":"JO Rinne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rinne JO, Brooks DJ, Rossor MN, et al. 11C-PiB PET assessment of change in fibrillar amyloid-beta load in patients with Alzheimer's disease treated with bapineuzumab: a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(4):363\u201372.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"7618","key":"329_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19323","volume":"537","author":"J Sevigny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sevigny J, Chiao P, Bussi\u00e8re T, et al. The antibody aducanumab reduces A\u03b2 plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Nature. 2016;537(7618):50\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"10","key":"329_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-016-1115-6","volume":"30","author":"WH Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi WH, Um YH, Jung WS, et al. Automated quantification of amyloid positron emission tomography: a comparison of PMOD and MIMneuro. Ann Nucl Med. 2016;30(10):682\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"329_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3300-6","volume":"43","author":"T Tuszynski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tuszynski T, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, et al. Evaluation of software tools for automated identification of neuroanatomical structures in quantitative \u03b2-amyloid PET imaging to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016;43(6):1077\u201387.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"329_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-014-0072-0","volume":"2","author":"D Parani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parani D, Iaccarino L, Bettinardi V. The need for \u201cobjective measurements\u201d in FDG and amyloid PET neuroimaging. Clin Transl Imaging. 2014;2:331\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Imaging"},{"issue":"15","key":"329_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5768","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/15\/5768","volume":"61","author":"G Akamatsu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akamatsu G, Ikari Y, Ohnishi A, et al. Automated PET-only quantification of amyloid deposition with adaptive template and empirically pre-defined ROI. Phys Med Biol. 2016;61(15):5768\u201380.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"329_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-012-0605-4","volume":"26","author":"Y Ikari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ikari Y, Nishio T, Makishi Y, et al. Head motion evaluation and correction for PET scans with 18F-FDG in the Japanese Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuroimaging initiative (J-ADNI) multi-center study. Ann Nucl Med. 2012;26(7):535\u201344.","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"329_CR15","first-page":"1528","volume":"35","author":"S Minoshima","year":"1994","unstructured":"Minoshima S, Koeppe RA, Frey KA, et al. Anatomic standardization: linear scaling and nonlinear warping of functional brain images. J Nucl Med. 1994;35(9):1528\u201337.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"329_CR16","unstructured":"PMOD Technologies, Llc. PMOD Image Fusion (PFUS) User\u2019s guide. 2015."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"329_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.04.033","volume":"36","author":"P Bourgeat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bourgeat P, Villemagne VL, Dore V, et al. Comparison of MR-less PiB SUVR quantification methods. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36(Suppl 1):S159\u201366.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"329_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0342-8","volume":"24","author":"A Leuzy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leuzy A, Chiotis K, Lemoine L, et al. Tau PET imaging in neurodegenerative tauopathies-still a challenge. Mol Psychiatry. 2019;24(8):1112\u201334.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"329_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen MK, Mecca AP, Naganawa M, et al. Assessing synaptic density in Alzheimer disease with synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A positron emission tomographic imaging. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(10):1215\u201324.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1836"},{"issue":"4","key":"329_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)7:4<254::AID-HBM4>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"7","author":"J Ashburner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ashburner J, Friston KJ. Nonlinear spatial normalization using basis functions. Hum Brain Mapp. 1999;7(4):254\u201366.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"1","key":"329_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-004-1576-z","volume":"32","author":"K Hosaka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hosaka K, Ishii K, Sakamoto S, et al. Validation of anatomical standardization of FDG PET images of normal brain: comparison of SPM and NEUROSTAT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005;32(1):92\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"329_CR22","first-page":"548","volume":"42","author":"K Ishii","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ishii K, Willoch F, Minoshima S, et al. Statistical brain mapping of 18F-FDG PET in Alzheimer's disease: validation of anatomic standardization for atrophied brains. J Nucl Med. 2001;42(4):548\u201357.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"}],"container-title":["EJNMMI Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40658-020-00329-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40658-020-00329-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40658-020-00329-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T23:21:27Z","timestamp":1632871287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ejnmmiphys.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40658-020-00329-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40658-020-00329-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-7364"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-7364","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Kyushu University Institutional Review Board for Clinical Research (30-174).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"59"}}