{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:04:52Z","timestamp":1778598292712,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014132","name":"European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19SIP01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19SIP01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJNMMI Phys"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-025-00778-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T04:25:00Z","timestamp":1750652700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Establishing measurement traceability for quantitative SPECT imaging"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2552-5177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelley M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warda","family":"Heetun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Bardi\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Denis-Bacelar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Fenwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lassmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Tipping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Tran-Gia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"778_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ILAC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML: International Vocabulary of Metrology\u2014 Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM). Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, JCGM 200. 3rd ed. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59161\/JCGM200-2012.","DOI":"10.59161\/JCGM200-2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"778_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6203.125470","volume":"39","author":"LR Karam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karam LR. Measurement traceability in medical physics. J Med Phys. 2014;39(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0971-6203.125470.","journal-title":"J Med Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"778_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1088\/0026-1394\/44\/4\/S16","volume":"44","author":"BE Zimmerman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zimmerman BE, Judge S. Traceability in nuclear medicine. Metrologia. 2007;44(4):127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0026-1394\/44\/4\/S16.","journal-title":"Metrologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"778_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-06028-9","volume":"50","author":"JC Dickson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dickson JC, Armstrong IS, Gabi\u00f1a PM, Denis-Bacelar AM, Krizsan AK, Gear JM, Van den Wyngaert T, de Geus-Oei L-F, Herrmann K. EANM practice guideline for quantitative SPECT-CT. Eur J of Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50(4):980\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-022-06028-9.","journal-title":"Eur J of Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"778_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2017.11.014","author":"AJ Fenwick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fenwick AJ, Wevrett JL, Ferreira KM, Denis-Bacelar AM, Robinson AP. Quantitative imaging, dosimetry and metrology; Where do National Metrology Institutes fit in? Appl Radiat Isotopes. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apradiso.2017.11.014.","journal-title":"Appl Radiat Isotopes"},{"issue":"8","key":"778_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.100123","volume":"53","author":"YK Dewaraja","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dewaraja YK, Frey EC, Sgouros G, Brill AB, Roberson P, Zanzonico PB, Ljungberg M. MIRD pamphlet No. 23: quantitative SPECT for patient-specific 3-dimensional dosimetry in internal radionuclide therapy. J Nucl Med. 2012;53(8):1310\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.111.100123.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"778_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2018.02.009","volume":"48","author":"M Ljungberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ljungberg M. Absolute quantitation of SPECT studies. Semin Nucl Med. 2018;48(4):348\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2018.02.009.","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"778_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-021-00397-0","volume":"8","author":"J Tran-Gia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tran-Gia J, et al. A multicentre and multi-national evaluation of the accuracy of quantitative Lu-177 SPECT\/CT imaging performed within the MRTDosimetry project. EJNMMI Phys. 2021;8(1):55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40658-021-00397-0.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys"},{"key":"778_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferreira KM, Bardi\u00e8s M, Denis-Bacelar AM, Fenwick AJ, Heetun W, Lassmann M, Tipping J, Tran-Gia J, Robinson AP. NPL GPG 154: preparation of radioactive phantoms with an activity traceable to national standards. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47120\/npl.mgpg154.","DOI":"10.47120\/npl.mgpg154"},{"key":"778_CR10","unstructured":"NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Standards Publication NU 2-2007, Performance Measurements of Positron Emission Tomographs 2007."},{"key":"778_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2023.102583","volume":"109","author":"AP Robinson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Robinson AP, Calvert N, Tipping J, Denis-Bacelar AM, Ferreira KM, Lassmann M, Tran-Gia J. Development of a validation imaging dataset for molecular radiotherapy dosimetry multicenter intercomparison exercises based on anthropomorphic phantoms. Physica Med. 2023;109:102583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2023.102583.","journal-title":"Physica Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"778_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/21\/R119","volume":"57","author":"K Erlandsson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Erlandsson K, Buvat I, Pretorius PH, Thomas BA, Hutton BF. A review of partial volume correction techniques for emission tomography and their applications in neurology, cardiology and oncology. Phys Med Biol. 2012;57(21):119\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/21\/R119.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"778_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ILAC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML: Evaluation of measurement data\u2014Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, JCGM 100. 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59161\/JCGM100-2008F.","DOI":"10.59161\/JCGM100-2008F"},{"issue":"1","key":"778_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-018-0208-9","volume":"5","author":"W Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao W, Esquinas PL, Hou X, Uribe CF, Gonzalez M, Beauregard J-M, Dewaraja YK, Celler A. Determination of gamma camera calibration factors for quantitation of therapeutic radioisotopes. EJNMMI Phys. 2018;5(1):8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40658-018-0208-9.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys"},{"key":"778_CR15","unstructured":"Gadd R, Baker M, Nijran KS, Owens S, Thomas W, Woods MJ, Zananiri F. NPL GPG 93: protocol for establishing and maintaining the calibration of medical radionuclide calibrators and their quality control. 2006. https:\/\/eprintspublications.npl.co.uk\/3661\/."},{"key":"778_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nickoloff E, Strauss K, Austin B, Balter S, Clarke G, Lin P-JP, McKetty M, Pina M, Rauch P, Tkacik M, Whiting J, Glasser H, Double C. The selection, use, calibration, and quality assurance of radionuclide calibrators used in nuclear medicine. Technical report, AAPM; 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37206\/137.","DOI":"10.37206\/137"},{"key":"778_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52717\/CUUN1001","author":"S Holm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holm S, Gear J, Minguez Gabina P, Ferreira K, Denis Bacelar A, Armstrong I, MacLean J, Wendorf C, Deroose CM, Zwane-Allen P, Roldao Pereira L, Kalle P, Fragoso Costa P. Radionuclide therapy management. Eur Assoc Nucl Med, Vienna. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52717\/CUUN1001.","journal-title":"Eur Assoc Nucl Med, Vienna"},{"key":"778_CR18","unstructured":"ISO: ISO 8362-1:2018(E); Injection containers and accessories, Part 1: Injection vials made of glass tubing. ISO. Issue: 8362-1:2018(E) Reference Number: ISO 8362-1:2018(E). 2018."},{"key":"778_CR19","unstructured":"B\u00e9 M-M, Chist\u00e9 V, Dulieu C, Browne E, Chechev V, Kuzmenko N, Helmer R, Nichols A, Sch\u00f6nfeld E, Dersch R. Table of radionuclides Vol. 2. Monographie BIPM-5 2. 2004."},{"key":"778_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2017.11.015","volume":"134","author":"KM Ferreira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferreira KM, Fenwick AJ. (123)I intercomparison exercises: assessment of measurement capabilities in UK hospitals. Appl Radiat Isot. 2018;134:108\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apradiso.2017.11.015.","journal-title":"Appl Radiat Isot"},{"issue":"4","key":"778_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.202861","volume":"59","author":"DL Bailey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bailey DL, Hofman MS, Forwood NJ, O\u2019Keefe GJ, Scott AM, van Wyngaardt WM, Howe B, Kovacev O, Francis RJ. ARTnet, the ProPSMA trial investigators: accuracy of dose calibrators for 68ga pet imaging: unexpected findings in a multicenter clinical pretrial assessment. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(4):636\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.117.202861.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"69","key":"778_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-020-00338-3","volume":"7","author":"C Saldarriaga Vargas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saldarriaga Vargas C, Bauwens M, Pooters IN, Pomm\u00e9 S, Peters SM, Segbers M, Jentzen W, Vogg A, van Velden FH, Meyer Viol SL, Gotthardt M. An international multi-center investigation on the accuracy of radionuclide calibrators in nuclear medicine theragnostics. EJNMMI Phys. 2020;7(69):1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40658-020-00338-3.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys"},{"key":"778_CR23","volume-title":"Foundations of Image Science","author":"Harrison H Barrett","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barrett Harrison H, Myers Kyle J. Foundations of Image Science. Hoboken: Wiley; 2003."},{"issue":"5","key":"778_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/39\/5\/004","volume":"39","author":"HH Barrett","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barrett HH, Wilson DW, Tsui BMW. Noise properties of the EM algorithm. I. Theory. Phys Med Biol. 1994;39(5):833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/39\/5\/004.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"778_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-012-9511-5","volume":"26","author":"A Teymurazyan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teymurazyan A, Riauka T, Jans H-S, Robinson D. Properties of noise in positron emission tomography images reconstructed with filtered-backprojection and row-action maximum likelihood algorithm. J Digit Imaging. 2013;26(3):447\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10278-012-9511-5.","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"778_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-022-00489-5","volume":"9","author":"R Gillen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gillen R, Erlandsson K, Denis-Bacelar AM, Thielemans K, Hutton BF, McQuaid SJ. Towards accurate partial volume correction in 99mTc oncology SPECT: perturbation for case-specific resolution estimation. EJNMMI Phys. 2022;9(1):59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40658-022-00489-5.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys"},{"key":"778_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2023.103174","volume":"116","author":"R De Nijs","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Nijs R. A novel model-based equation for size dependent mean recovery coefficients for spheres and other shapes. Physica Med. 2023;116:103174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2023.103174.","journal-title":"Physica Med"},{"key":"778_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1090\/qam\/10666","volume":"2","author":"K Levenberg","year":"1944","unstructured":"Levenberg K. A method for the solution of certain non-linear problems in least squares. Quart Appl Math. 1944;2:164\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1090\/qam\/10666.","journal-title":"Quart. Appl. Math"},{"issue":"2","key":"778_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1137\/0111030","volume":"11","author":"DW Marquardt","year":"1963","unstructured":"Marquardt DW. An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. J Soc Ind Appl Math. 1963;11(2):431\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/0111030.","journal-title":"J Soc Ind Appl Math"},{"key":"778_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4136-7","author":"JI Gear","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gear JI, Cox MG, Gustafsson J, Gleisner KS, Murray I, Glatting G, Konijnenberg M, Flux GD. EANM practical guidance on uncertainty analysis for molecular radiotherapy absorbed dose calculations. Eur J of Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-018-4136-7.","journal-title":"Eur J of Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"778_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-016-0170-3","volume":"4","author":"CF Uribe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uribe CF, Esquinas PL, Tanguay J, Gonzalez M, Gaudin E, Beauregard J-M, Celler A. Accuracy of 177Lu activity quantification in SPECT imaging: a phantom study. EJNMMI Phys. 2017;4(1):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40658-016-0170-3.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys"}],"container-title":["EJNMMI Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40658-025-00778-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40658-025-00778-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40658-025-00778-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T17:02:50Z","timestamp":1750698170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ejnmmiphys.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40658-025-00778-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40658-025-00778-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-7364"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-7364","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"M. Lassmann has received institutional grants from Ipsen, Nordic Nanovector, Novartis and PentixaPharm.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"58"}}