{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T09:48:46Z","timestamp":1782121726235,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017590","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Essen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJNMMI Phys"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this study was to investigate the limits of diagnostics and therapy planning for patients with prostate cancer using non-time-of-flight\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\/\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga-PSMA PET\/MRI under clinically challenging imaging conditions with small lesion sizes and low uptake. Lesion detectability and quantification accuracy were evaluated for different acquisition and reconstruction parameters in a systematic phantom study and subsequent on patient data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PET\/MRI measurements were performed using a small lesion NEMA phantom. PET data were acquired for nine different activity concentrations (AC). Data of a longer single-bed protocol in the pelvis or a shorter whole-body protocol were reconstructed using relative or absolute scatter correction (SC). PET images were analysed considering a\u2009\u00b1\u200925% deviation range between imaged and true AC as acceptable. Thirteen PSMA-PET\/MRI patients with primary lesions or lymph node metastasis\u2009&lt;\u200912\u00a0mm in the pelvis were included in this study. The presence of the halo artefact was evaluated in six\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-PSMA and seven\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga-PSMA PET\/MRI patients. For 21 lesions (diameter 6.4\u201312.3\u00a0mm) in total, the AC was quantified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For both radiotracers, the 9.7\u00a0mm sphere was still visible at 0.16\u00a0kBq\/mL with emission times\u2009&gt;\u200940\u00a0min. The 3.7\u00a0mm sphere was only detectable at 22\u00a0kBq\/mL with emission times\u2009&gt;\u20094\u00a0min. All spheres\u2009\u2265\u20096.5\u00a0mm provide acceptable quantification at an AC of 1.32\u00a0kBq\/mL for\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F PET\/MRI protocols of\u2009\u2265\u200912\u00a0min and 2.75\u00a0kBq\/mL for\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga PET\/MRI protocols. In phantom data, no halo artefact was observable and different SC methods had no impact on quantification. 4\/6\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-PSMA patients and 7\/7\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga-PSMA patients showed a halo around the bladder using relative SC, which could be reduced in all patients using absolute SC. Comparing the minimum quantifiable AC (MQAC) from in the phantom study as a threshold to the patient data, all lesions provided acceptable quantification with values\u2009&gt;\u2009MQAC (AC 3.3\u2013108.5\u00a0kBq\/mL) for equal reconstruction and acquisition parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results demonstrated that the detection of lesions in the sub-centimetre range and a reliable quantification of\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\/\n                      <jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ga-PSMA uptake using standard acquisition and reconstruction parameters within clinical PET\/MRI protocols is possible. This allows for an individual assessment of potential therapy options for each patient.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-026-00902-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T17:05:23Z","timestamp":1781543123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Limitations in diagnostics and quantification of small lesions with low uptake in the clinical context of prostate 18F\/68Ga-PSMA PET\/MRI"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7761-775X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maike E.","family":"Lindemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Jentzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"K\u00fcper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Fragoso","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Gratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lale","family":"Umutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Nagarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan G.","family":"Nekolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Rausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald H.","family":"Quick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kersting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"902_CR1","first-page":"394","volume":"68","author":"F Bray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:394\u2013424.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"902_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.08.002","volume":"71","author":"P Cornford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cornford P, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, et al. EAU-ESTRO-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II: treatment of relapsing, metastatic, and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2017;71:630\u201342.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"902_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/1078-1439(95)00002-Y","volume":"1","author":"GL Wright Jr","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wright GL Jr, Haley C, Beckett ML, Schellhammer PF. Expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in normal, benign, and malignant prostate tissues. Urol Oncol. 1995;1:18\u201328.","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"902_CR4","first-page":"197","volume":"42","author":"A Afshar-Oromieh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Afshar-Oromieh A, Avtzi E, Giesel FL, et al. The diagnostic value of PET\/CT imaging with the 68Ga-labelled PSMA ligand HBED-CC in the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer. EJNMMI. 2015;42:197\u2013209.","journal-title":"EJNMMI"},{"key":"902_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-014-0301-z","volume":"40","author":"M Eiber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eiber M, Nekolla SG, Maurer T, et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET\/MR with multimodality image analysis for primary prostate cancer. Abdom Imaging. 2015;40:1769\u201371.","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"issue":"12","key":"902_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107322","volume":"385","author":"O Sartor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sartor O, de Bono J, Chi KN, et al. Lutetium-177- PSMA-617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(12):1091\u2013103.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"902_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-4298","volume":"27","author":"BM Prive","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prive BM, Peters SMB, Muselaers CHJ, et al. Lutetium-177-PSMA-617 in low-volume hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer: a prospective pilot study. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27:3595\u2013601.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"902_CR8","first-page":"887","volume":"41","author":"A Afshar-Oromieh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Afshar-Oromieh A, Haberkorn U, Schlemmer HP, et al. Comparison of PET\/CT and PET\/MRI hybrid systems using a 68Ga-labelled PSMA ligand for the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer: initial experience. EJNMMI. 2014;41:887\u201397.","journal-title":"EJNMMI"},{"key":"902_CR9","first-page":"70","volume":"43","author":"MT Freitag","year":"2016","unstructured":"Freitag MT, Radtke JP, Hadaschik BA, et al. Comparison of hybrid 68Ga-PSMA PET\/MRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET\/CT in the evaluation of lymph node and bone metastases of prostate cancer. EJNMMI. 2016;43:70\u201383.","journal-title":"EJNMMI"},{"key":"902_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164392","volume":"11","author":"S L\u00fctje","year":"2016","unstructured":"L\u00fctje S, Blex S, Gomez B, et al. Optimization of acquisition time of 68Ga- PSMA-ligand PET\/MRI in patients with local and metastatic prostate cancer. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0164392.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"902_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-017-0261-8","volume":"7","author":"B Noto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Noto B, B\u00fcther F, Auf der Springe K, et al. Impact of PET acquisition durations on image quality and lesion detectability in whole-body 68Ga-PSMA PET-MRI. EJNMMI Res. 2017;7:12.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"902_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2021.11.012","volume":"52","author":"R Seifert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seifert R, Kersting D, Rischpler C, et al. Clinical use of PET\/MR in oncology: an update. Semin Nucl Med. 2022;52(3):356\u201364.","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"902_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.09.042","volume":"79","author":"N Mottet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mottet N, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer-2020 update. Part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. Eur Urol. 2021;79(2):243\u201362.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"902_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.201749","volume":"59","author":"J Calais","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calais J, Czernin J, Cao M, et al. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET\/CT mapping of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in 270 patients with a PSA level of less than 1.0 ng\/mL: impact on salvage radiotherapy planning. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(2):23.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"902_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2025.3746","volume":"11","author":"C Belliveau","year":"2025","unstructured":"Belliveau C, Saad F, Duplan D, et al. Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-guided intensification of salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2025;11(12):1431\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"902_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000001323","volume":"35","author":"D Hennes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hennes D, Weindler J, Babst C, Perera ML, Murphy DG, Eapen RS. VISION, TheraP, LuTectomy and beyond: is there a role for lutetium therapy in biochemical recurrence? Curr Opin Urol. 2025;35(5):527\u201334.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"902_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kesch C, Meyer V, Praus C et al. A phase I\/II study of neoadjuvant, intra-arterial administration of (177Lu)lutetium vipivotide tetraxetan in subjects with high-risk, localised or locally advanced prostate cancer (LUPUS). J Clin Oncol. 2025;43.10.1200.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2025.43.5_suppl.TPS431"},{"issue":"2","key":"902_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2020.09.021","volume":"7","author":"N Dhiantravan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dhiantravan N, Violet J, Eapen R, et al. Clinical trial protocol for LuTectomy: a single-arm study of the dosimetry, safety, and potential benefit of 177Lu-PSMA-617 prior to prostatectomy. Eur Urol Focus. 2021;7(2):234\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"902_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2022.09.002","volume":"6","author":"S Golan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Golan S, Frumer M, Zohar Y, et al. Neoadjuvant 177Lu-PSMA-I&T radionuclide treatment in patients with high-risk prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy: a single-arm phase 1 trial. Eur Urol Oncol. 2023;6(2):151\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"902_CR20","unstructured":"Krafft U, Gr\u00fcnwald V, Fendler WP et al. A randomized phase I\/II study of neoadjuvant treatment with 177-Lutetium-PSMA-617 with or without ipilimumab in patients with very high-risk prostate cancer who are candidates for radical prostatectomy (NEPI trial).."},{"issue":"10","key":"902_CR21","first-page":"1862","volume":"38","author":"J Nagarajah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nagarajah J, Jentzen W, Hartung V, et al. Diagnosis and dosimetry in differentiated thyroid carcinoma using 124I PET: comparison of PET\/MRI vs PET\/CT of the neck. EJNMMI. 2011;38(10):1862\u20138.","journal-title":"EJNMMI"},{"issue":"9","key":"902_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12963","volume":"45","author":"C Catana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Catana C, Quick HH, Zaidi H. Current commercial techniques for MRI-guided attenuation correction are insufficient and will limit the wider acceptance of PET\/MRI technology in the clinic. Med Phys. 2018;45(9):4007\u201310.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"902_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4941014","volume":"43","author":"A Mehranian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mehranian A, Arabi H, Zaidi H. Vision 20\/20: magnetic resonance imaging-guided attenuation correction in PET\/MRI: challenges, solutions, and opportunities. Med Phys. 2016;43(3):1130\u201355.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"902_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-012-2249-y","volume":"40","author":"M Wiesm\u00fcller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wiesm\u00fcller M, Quick HH, Navalpakkam B, et al. Comparison of lesion detection and quantitation of tracer uptake between PET from a simultaneously acquiring whole-body PET\/MR hybrid scanner and PET from PET\/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40:12\u201321.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"902_CR25","first-page":"1636","volume":"44","author":"A Afshar-Oromieh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Afshar-Oromieh A, Wolf M, Haberkorn U, et al. Effects of arm truncation on the appearance of the halo artifact in 68Ga-PSMA-11 (HBED-CC) PET\/MRI. EJNMMI. 2017;44:1636\u201346.","journal-title":"EJNMMI"},{"key":"902_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183329","volume":"12","author":"T Heu\u00dfer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heu\u00dfer T, Mann P, Rank CM, et al. Investigation of the halo-artifact in 68Ga- PSMA-11-PET\/MRI. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0183329.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"902_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.224139","volume":"60","author":"ME Lindemann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lindemann ME, Guberina N, Wetter A, et al. Improving 68Ga-PSMA PET\/MRI of the prostate with unrenormalized absolute scatter correction. J Nucl Med. 2019;60:1642\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"902_CR28","first-page":"1101","volume":"49","author":"SMB Peters","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peters SMB, Hofferber R, Prive BM, et al. [(68)Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET imaging as a predictor for absorbed doses in organs at risk and small lesions in [(177)Lu]Lu- SMA-617 treatment. EJNMMI. 2022;49(4):1101\u201312.","journal-title":"EJNMMI"},{"key":"902_CR29","first-page":"460","volume":"49","author":"SMB Peters","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peters SMB, Priv\u00e9 BM, de Bakker M, et al. Intra-therapeutic dosimetry of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in low-volume hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer patients and correlation with treatment outcome. EJNMMI. 2022;49:460\u20139.","journal-title":"EJNMMI"},{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95719-8","volume":"11","author":"D Kersting","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kersting D, Jentzen W, Fragoso Costa P, Sraieb M, Sandach P, Umutlu L, et al. Silicon-photomultiplier-based PET\/CT reduces the minimum detectable activity of iodine-124. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):17477.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.23736\/S1824-4785.21.03300-8","volume":"67","author":"P Fragoso Costa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fragoso Costa P, Jentzen W, S\u00fc\u00dfelbeck F, et al. Reduction of emission time for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET\/CT using the digital biograph vision: a phantom study. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;67(1):57\u201368.","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"902_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2023.103149","volume":"114","author":"D Kersting","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kersting D, Moraitis A, Sraieb M, et al. Quantification performance of silicon photomultiplier-based PET for small 18F-, 68Ga- and 124I-avid lesions in the context of radionuclide therapy planning. Phys Med. 2023;114:103149.","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"902_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/nssmic.2009.5401574","author":"S Tong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tong S, Alessio AM, Kinahan PE. Evaluation of noise properties in PSF-based PET image reconstruction. IEEE Nucl Sci Symp Conf Rec. 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/nssmic.2009.5401574.","journal-title":"IEEE Nucl Sci Symp Conf Rec."},{"key":"902_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165007","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad5c36","volume":"69","author":"N Hammersen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hammersen N, Jentzen W, Stawitzki F, et al. PET quantification performance of the oversize-volume-of-interest approach in the context of tumour dosimetry in radionuclide therapy planning. Phys Med Biol. 2024;69:165007.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2967\/jnmt.114.152678","volume":"43","author":"W Jentzen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jentzen W. An improved iterative thresholding method to delineate PET volumes using the delineation-averaged signal instead of the enclosed maximum signal. J Nucl Med Technol. 2015;43(1):28\u201335.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"902_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-017-3864-4","volume":"45","author":"M Oehmigen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oehmigen M, Lindemann ME, Gratz M, et al. Impact of improved attenuation correction featuring a bone atlas and truncation correction on PET quantification in whole-body PET\/MR. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018;45(4):642\u201353.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"902_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2967\/jnmt.123.267067","volume":"52","author":"YH Kao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kao YH, Falzone N, Pearson M, Sivaratnam D. First-strike rapid predictive dosimetry and dose response for 177Lu-PSMA therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Nucl Med Technol. 2024;52(3):212\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"902_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.219352","volume":"60","author":"J Violet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Violet J, Jackson P, Ferdinandus J, et al. Dosimetry of 177Lu-PSMA-617 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: correlations between pretherapeutic imaging and whole-body tumor dosimetry with treatment outcomes. J Nucl Med. 2019;60(4):517\u201323.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa990b","volume":"63","author":"R Wierts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wierts R, Jentzen W, Quick HH, et al. Quantitative performance evaluation of 124I PET\/MRI lesion dosimetry in differentiated thyroid cancer. Phys Med Biol. 2017;63(1):015014.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"902_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17535","volume":"52","author":"ME Lindemann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lindemann ME, Jentzen W, Kersting D, et al. Detection and quantification of small and low-uptake lesions for differentiated thyroid carcinoma using non-time-of-flight iodine-124 PET\/MRI. Med Phys. 2025;52(2):837\u201346.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zemedi.2007.06.001","volume":"18","author":"M Baza\u00f1ez-Borgert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baza\u00f1ez-Borgert M, Bundschuh RA, Herz M, Mart\u00ednez MJ, Schwaiger M, Ziegler SI. Radioactive spheres without inactive wall for lesion simulation in PET. Z Med Phys. 2008;18(1):37\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.zemedi.2007.06.001.","journal-title":"Z Med Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"902_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/4\/013","volume":"55","author":"F Hofheinz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hofheinz F, Dittrich S, P\u00f6tzsch C, Hoff J. Effects of cold sphere walls in PET phantom measurements on the volume reproducing threshold. Phys Med Biol. 2010;55(4):1099\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/4\/013.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"902_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-021-00361-y","volume":"8","author":"D Kersting","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kersting D, et al. Comparing lesion detection efficacy and image quality across different PET system generations to opt1imize the iodine-124 PET protocol for recurrent thyroid cancer. EJNMMI Phys. 2021;8:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40658-021-00361-y.","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys"},{"key":"902_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-019-00316-5","volume":"7","author":"M Conti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Conti M, Bendriem B. The new opportunities for high time resolution clinical TOF PET. Clin Transl Imaging. 2019;7:139\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40336-019-00316-5.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Imaging"},{"key":"902_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1109\/tmi.2006.873222","volume":"25","author":"AM Alessio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alessio AM, Kinahan PE, Lewellen TK. Modeling and incorporation of system response functions in 3-D whole body PET. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2006;25:828\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmi.2006.873222.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"902_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2015.11.005","volume":"32","author":"O Bertolli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bertolli O, et al. PET iterative reconstruction incorporating an efficient positron range correction method. Phys Med. 2016;32:323\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2015.11.005.","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"902_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5975","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa7670","volume":"62","author":"A Mehranian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mehranian A, et al. PET image reconstruction using multi-parametric anato-functional priors. Phys Med Biol. 2017;62:5975\u20136007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa7670.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"902_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/3\/1259","volume":"61","author":"C McKeown","year":"2016","unstructured":"McKeown C, Gillen G, Dempsey MF, Findlay C. Influence of slice overlap on positron emission tomography image quality. Phys Med Biol. 2016;61(3):1259\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/3\/1259.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"902_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.168","author":"ME Lindemann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lindemann ME, Gratz M, Grafe H, et al. Systematic evaluation of human soft tissue attenuation correction in whole-body PET\/MR: Implications from PET\/CT for optimization of MR-based AC in patients with normal lung tissue. Med Phys. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.168.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"9","key":"902_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4559","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12449","volume":"44","author":"ME Lindemann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lindemann ME, Oehmigen M, Blumhagen JO, et al. MR-based truncation and attenuation correction in integrated PET\/MR hybrid imaging using HUGE with continuous table motion. Med Phys. 2017;44(9):4559\u201372.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"902_CR51","unstructured":"Watson CC, Hu J, Zhou C. Extension of the SSS PET scatter correction algorithm to include double scatter. IEEE Xplore website. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/4346746. Published October 15, 2007. Accessed June 11, 2019."},{"key":"902_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.19356","volume":"211","author":"KA Wangerin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wangerin KA, Baratto L, Khalighi MM, et al. Clinical evaluation of 68Ga-PSMA-II and 68Ga-RM2 PET images reconstructed with an improved scatter correction algorithm. AJR. 2018;211:655\u201360.","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"902_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2017.06.026","volume":"130","author":"S L\u00fctje","year":"2017","unstructured":"L\u00fctje S, Slavik R, Fendler W, Herrmann K, Eiber M. PSMA ligands in prostate cancer: probe optimization and theranostic applications. Methods. 2017;130:42\u201350.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"9","key":"902_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.124.269378","volume":"66","author":"J Tran-Gia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tran-Gia J, Cicone F, Koole M, et al. Rethinking dosimetry: a European perspective. J Nucl Med. 2025;66(9):1323\u201330.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"}],"container-title":["EJNMMI Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40658-026-00902-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40658-026-00902-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40658-026-00902-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T09:03:47Z","timestamp":1782119027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40658-026-00902-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40658-026-00902-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-7364"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-7364","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All patient measurements were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (University of Duisburg-Essen, medical faculty, Essen, ethics committee approval number: 11\u20104822-4825-BO). All patients signed informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All authors have no relevant conflict of interest to disclose with regard to this study. Alina T. K\u00fcper was supported by the Clinician Scientist Program of the University Medicine Essen Clinician Scientist Academy (UMEA; Faculty of Medicine and DFG), FU 356\/12-2. David Kersting reports a research grant from Pfizer, personal fees from GE Healthcare and Novartis, travel grants from Life Molecular Imaging and Sanofi and speaker honoraria from Pfizer, outside the submitted work. Ken Hermann is an editor in the\n                      European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging\n                      .","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"67"}}