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While controlled reproduction is essential for reliable fish production, the physiological and molecular bases underlying its reproductive cycle remain insufficiently explored. This study aimed to assess the expression patterns of brain-expressed neuroendocrine mRNAs involved in the activation of brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis throughout different year seasons and to correlate them with ovarian maturation stages in\n                    <jats:italic>S. lalandi<\/jats:italic>\n                    females under captive conditions. Reproductive stages were determined by ovarian histology and gonadosomatic index (GSI) analysis. Expression levels of GnRH1 and GnRH2 genes (\n                    <jats:italic>gnrh1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>gnrh2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) as well as melatonin (\n                    <jats:italic>mtn1ra<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), dopamine (\n                    <jats:italic>drd2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and kisspeptin (\n                    <jats:italic>kiss1r<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) receptors were quantified by real time PCR in brain samples from adult individuals. Fish were maintained in temperature- and photoperiod-controlled tanks simulating the four seasons. Histological and GSI analyses identified four distinct reproductive stages. Gene expression peaked in winter and decreased in autumn, aligning with the seasonal progression of ovarian development. These results are consistent with the expected activation of the reproductive axis during the winter months in\n                    <jats:italic>S. lalandi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Notably, the elevated expression of\n                    <jats:italic>drd2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    in winter suggests that modulation of GnRH action on pituitary function may not rely solely on dopaminergic inhibition. Taken together, our findings indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>S. lalandi<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibits reproductive dynamics under captivity that mirror those of wild populations, supporting its use as a reliable model for studying reproductive physiology. Moreover, its responsiveness to environmental cues under controlled conditions enables the development of experimental strategies that would be logistically unfeasible in the wild.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-025-00622-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T02:18:15Z","timestamp":1754619495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seasonal expression of reproductive axis-related neuroendocrine genes and their relation with ovarian maturation in captive yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6849-8947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Palomino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayleen","family":"Olea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stevanie","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7619-046X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip","family":"Dettleff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7499-5501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo D.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"622_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169645","volume":"12","author":"R Zupa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zupa R, Rodr\u00edguez C, Mylonas CC, Rosenfeld H, Fakriadis I, Papadaki M, et al. 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The protocols from Universidad Bernardo O\u2019Higgins and Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile (Protocol ID 190613051) were validated by the Research Ethics Committee of the Chilean National Foundation for Scientific and Technological Research (ANID).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"\u201cNot applicable\u201d.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"55"}}