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This study explores whether brimonidine can slow myopia progression in the guinea pig form-deprivation (FD) model.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Three-week-old pigmented male guinea pigs (<jats:italic>Cavia porcellus<\/jats:italic>) underwent monocular FD and were treated with 3 different methods of brimonidine administration (eye drops, subconjunctival or intravitreal injections). Four different concentrations of brimonidine were tested for intravitreal injection (2\u2009\u03bcg\/\u03bcL, 4\u2009\u03bcg\/\u03bcL, 20\u2009\u03bcg\/\u03bcL, 40\u2009\u03bcg\/\u03bcL). All treatments continued for a period of 21\u2009days. Tonometry, retinoscopy, and A-scan ultrasonography were used to monitor intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive error and axial length (AL), respectively. On day 21, guinea pigs were sacrificed for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to screen for associated transcriptomic changes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The myopia model was successfully established in FD animals (control eye vs. FD eye, respectively: refraction at day 20, 0.97\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18 D vs. \u2212\u20090.13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.38 D, F\u2009=\u20096.921, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.02; AL difference between day 0 and day 21, 0.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04\u2009mm vs. 0.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03\u2009mm, F\u2009=\u200911.655, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.004). Among the 3 different brimonidine administration methods, intravitreal injection was the most effective in slowing myopia progression, and 4\u2009\u03bcg\/\u03bcL was the most effective among the four different concentrations of brimonidine intravitreal injection tested. The AL and the refraction of the brimonidine intravitreal injection group was significantly shorter or more hyperopic than those of other 2 groups. Four \u03bcg\/\u03bcL produced the smallest difference in AL and spherical equivalent difference values. FD treatment significantly increased the IOP. IOP was significantly lower at 1\u2009day after intravitreal injections which was the lowest in FD eye of intravitreal injection of brimonidine. At day 21, gene expression analyses using RNA-seq showed upregulation of <jats:italic>Col1a1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mmp2<\/jats:italic> expression levels by intravitreal brimonidine.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among the 3 different administration methods, intravitreal injection of brimonidine was the most effective in slowing myopia progression in the FD guinea pig model. Intravitreal brimonidine at 4\u2009\u03bcg\/\u03bcL significantly reduced the development of FD myopia in guinea pigs. Expression levels of the <jats:italic>Col1a1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mmp2<\/jats:italic> genes were significantly increased in the retinal tissues of the FD-Inj-Br group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-021-00248-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T02:03:23Z","timestamp":1626228203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Intravitreal brimonidine inhibits form-deprivation myopia in guinea pigs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yifang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junshu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Defu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meizhen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1358-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingwu","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"248_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.10.029","volume":"126","author":"KS Naidoo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Naidoo KS, Fricke TR, Frick KD, Jong M, Naduvilath TJ, Resnikoff S, et al. 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