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Our study describes the longitudinal changes in retinal and choroidal thickness in school-aged children with myopia and explores the relationship between changes in choroidal thickness and myopia progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An exploratory analysis of a randomized trial was performed. Children (n\u2009=\u2009168, aged 7 to 12\u00a0years) with myopia from \u2212\u20090.75 dioptre (D) to \u2212\u20094.00 D were enrolled in this prospective longitudinal study. Cycloplegic refraction, axial length (AL), retinal and choroidal thicknesses were measured at baseline and at 1- and 2-year follow-ups. \u201cRapid progression myopia\u201d was defined as increasing in myopia &gt;\u20091.00 D and \u201cstable progression myopia\u201d was \u2264\u20091.00 D during the 2-year follow-up. Factors affecting the changes in choroidal thickness were analysed using linear mixed models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AL significantly increased by 0.67\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24\u00a0mm with a myopic shift of \u2212\u20091.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.64 D over the 2\u00a0years. The overall retinal thickness increased from 251.12\u2009\u00b1\u200915.91\u00a0\u00b5m at baseline to 253.47\u2009\u00b1\u200915.74\u00a0\u00b5m at the 2-year follow-up (F\u2009=\u200923.785,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased from 231.03\u2009\u00b1\u200954.04\u00a0\u00b5m at baseline to 206.53\u2009\u00b1\u200959.71\u00a0\u00b5m at the 2-year follow-up (F\u2009=\u200973.358,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Choroidal thinning was significantly associated with AL elongation (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u200943.579\u00a0\u03bcm\/mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and sex (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u200917.258,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Choroidal thickness continued to decrease in subjects with rapid progression (F\u2009=\u200992.06,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) but not in those with steady progression (F\u2009=\u20092.23,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.119).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant choroidal thinning was observed and was associated with rapid progression and sex. These findings indicate a need to understand the role of the choroid in eye growth and myopia development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Synopsis\/Precis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The macular choroidal thickness of myopic children is relevant to different degrees of myopic progression in this 2-year longitudinal study. These findings suggest that control of choroidal thickness might work to regulate human ocular growth.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>\n                      Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR): ChiCTR-INR-16007722\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-022-00276-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T22:04:54Z","timestamp":1643666694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Two-year longitudinal change in choroidal and retinal thickness in school-aged myopic children: exploratory analysis of clinical trials for myopia progression"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"chictr-inr-16007722","registry":"10.18810\/chictr"}],"author":[{"given":"Meiping","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meixiao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Drobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2103-8345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhua","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"276_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4630","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0169","volume":"44","author":"CY Cheng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cheng CY, Hsu WM, Liu JH, Tsai SY, Chou P. 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