{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T01:11:21Z","timestamp":1776301881203,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003514","name":"Kommunfullm\u00e4ktige, Stockholms Stad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eye and Vis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to study the minimum important difference (MID) of the Catquest-9SF questionnaire in cataract surgery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A nationwide multi-center prospective randomized study was conducted using the Swedish National Cataract Register and the Catquest-9SF questionnaire. Randomized patients (n\u2009=\u2009400) who had completed the Catquest-9SF before surgery and three\u00a0months after surgery were sent an anchor question on self-assessed change in visual function after cataract surgery 14\u00a0days after the postoperative Catquest-9SF. Rasch analysis was performed on the preoperative and postoperative Catquest-9SF questionnaires, and the patients were dichotomized with regard to their preoperative Rasch score. The MID range of the two groups was calculated based on the anchor question, and the anchor question based MID was then estimated in a scatter plot. The MID was also estimated based on distribution by calculating Cohen\u2019s effect size.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The analyses included 231 patients who had completed the Catquest-9SF on both occasions as well as the questionnaire with the anchor question. The group with better preoperative visual function had an anchor question based MID of\u2009\u2212\u20090.5 and a Cohen\u2019s effect size based MID of\u2009\u2212\u20091.07. The group with worse preoperative visual function had an anchor question based MID of \u2212\u00a01.80 and a Cohen\u2019s effect size based MID of\u2009\u2212\u20091.46.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This article contributes detailed knowledge of the MID of Catquest-9SF, enabling even more accurate high-quality evaluation of the outcome and benefit of cataract surgery worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-022-00318-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T10:03:37Z","timestamp":1670580217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Self-assessed visual function outcome in cataract surgery: minimum important difference of the Catquest-9SF questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8045-769X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus","family":"Grimfors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Lundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kugelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"318_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539","volume":"96","author":"D Pascolini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pascolini D, Mariotti SP. Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(5):614\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"318_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000340","volume":"28","author":"CM Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee CM, Afshari NA. The global state of cataract blindness. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017;28(1):98\u2013103.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"318_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.05.021","volume":"37","author":"A Behndig","year":"2011","unstructured":"Behndig A, Montan P, Stenevi U, Kugelberg M, Lundstr\u00f6m M. One million cataract surgeries: Swedish National Cataract Register 1992\u20132009. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(8):1539\u201345.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"318_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(97)80321-5","volume":"23","author":"M Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lundstr\u00f6m M, Roos P, Jensen S, Fregell G. Catquest questionnaire for use in cataract surgery care: description, validity, and reliability. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23(8):1226\u201336.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"318_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.11.038","volume":"35","author":"M Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lundstr\u00f6m M, Pesudovs K. Catquest-9SF patient outcomes questionnaire: nine-item short-form Rasch-scaled revision of the Catquest questionnaire. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35(3):504\u201313.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"318_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2009.02133.x","volume":"37","author":"VK Gothwal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gothwal VK, Wright TA, Lamoureux EL, Lundstr\u00f6m M, Pesudovs K. Catquest questionnaire: re-validation in an Australian cataract population. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;37(8):785\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"318_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.11.028","volume":"39","author":"A Harrer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harrer A, Gerstmeyer K, Hirnschall N, Pesudovs K, Lundstr\u00f6m M, Findl O. Impact of bilateral cataract surgery on vision-related activity limitations. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39(5):680\u20135.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"318_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103860","volume":"9","author":"X Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin X, Li M, Wang M, Zuo Y, Zhu S, Zheng Y, et al. Validation of Catquest-9SF questionnaire in a Chinese cataract population. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e103860.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"318_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-017-0833-3","volume":"16","author":"TH Adnan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adnan TH, Mohamed Apandi M, Kamaruddin H, Salowi MA, Law KB, Haniff J, et al. Catquest-9SF questionnaire: validation of Malay and Chinese-language versions using Rasch analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018;16(1):5.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"318_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-016-0043-9","volume":"3","author":"E Skiadaresi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Skiadaresi E, Ravalico G, Polizzi S, Lundstr\u00f6m M, Gonz\u00e1lez-Andrades M, McAlinden C. The Italian Catquest-9SF cataract questionnaire: translation, validation and application. Eye Vis (Lond). 2016;3:12.","journal-title":"Eye Vis (Lond)"},{"issue":"12","key":"318_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.10.011","volume":"42","author":"M Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lundstr\u00f6m M, Llovet F, Llovet A, Martinez Del Pozo M, Mompean B, Gonz\u00e1lez JV, et al. Validation of the Spanish Catquest-9SF in patients with a monofocal or trifocal intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(12):1791\u20136.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"318_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13287","volume":"95","author":"MS Visser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Visser MS, Dieleman M, Klijn S, Timman R, Lundstr\u00f6m M, Busschbach JJ, et al. Validation, test-retest reliability and norm scores for the Dutch Catquest-9SF. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95(3):312\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"318_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.297","volume":"32","author":"JM Sparrow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sparrow JM, Grzeda MT, Frost NA, Johnston RL, Liu CSC, Edwards L, et al. Cataract surgery patient-reported outcome measures: a head-to-head comparison of the psychometric performance and patient acceptability of the Cat-PROM5 and Catquest-9SF self-report questionnaires. Eye (Lond). 2018;32(4):788\u201395.","journal-title":"Eye (London)"},{"issue":"2","key":"318_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13921","volume":"97","author":"E Nielsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nielsen E, Lundstr\u00f6m M, Pesudovs K, Hjortdal J. Validation of Catquest-9SF in Danish: developing a revised form of the Catquest-9SF\u2014the Danish Catquest-7SF. Acta Ophthalmol. 2019;97(2):173\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1503","key":"318_CR15","first-page":"34","volume":"132","author":"SS Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li SS, Misra S, Wallace H, Hunt L, McKelvie J. Patient-reported quality of life for cataract surgery: prospective validation of the \u2018Impact on Life\u2019 and Catquest-9SF questionnaires in New Zealand. N Z Med J. 2019;132(1503):34\u201345.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"318_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001493","volume":"97","author":"QG To","year":"2020","unstructured":"To QG, Huynh VAN, Do DV, Do VQ, Congdon N, Dingle K, et al. Psychometric properties of the Vietnamese Catquest-9 short form questionnaire. Optom Vis Sci. 2020;97(3):192\u20137.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"318_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.12.002","volume":"65","author":"A Kabanovski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kabanovski A, Hatch W, Chaudhary V, El-Defrawy S, Reid R, Ahmed IIK, et al. Validation and application of Catquest-9SF in various populations: a systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2020;65(3):348\u201360.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"318_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.008","volume":"118","author":"C McAlinden","year":"2011","unstructured":"McAlinden C, Gothwal VK, Khadka J, Wright TA, Lamoureux EL, Pesudovs K. A head-to-head comparison of 16 cataract surgery outcome questionnaires. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(12):2374\u201381.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"318_CR19","unstructured":"ICHOM Cataracts Data Collection Reference Guide version 2.0.1. International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurements. 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.ichom.org\/portfolio\/cataracts\/."},{"issue":"8","key":"318_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000001","volume":"90","author":"J Khadka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khadka J, McAlinden C, Pesudovs K. Quality assessment of ophthalmic questionnaires: review and recommendations. Optom Vis Sci. 2013;90(8):720\u201344.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"318_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14461","volume":"98","author":"M Grimfors","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grimfors M, Lundstr\u00f6m M, Hammar U, Kugelberg M. Patient-reported visual function outcome in cataract surgery: test-retest reliability of the Catquest-9SF questionnaire. Acta Ophthalmol. 2020;98(8):828\u201332.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"318_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.11.033","volume":"40","author":"M Grimfors","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grimfors M, Mollazadegan K, Lundstr\u00f6m M, Kugelberg M. Ocular comorbidity and self-assessed visual function after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40(7):1163\u20139.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"318_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13757","volume":"96","author":"M Grimfors","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grimfors M, Lundstr\u00f6m M, H\u00f6ijer J, Kugelberg M. Intraoperative difficulties, complications and self-assessed visual function in cataract surgery. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96(6):592\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"318_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.01.008","volume":"7","author":"AG Copay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Copay AG, Subach BR, Glassman SD, Polly DW Jr, Schuler TC. Understanding the minimum clinically important difference: a review of concepts and methods. Spine J. 2007;7(5):541\u20136.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"318_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2009.01801.x","volume":"89","author":"M Lundstrom","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lundstrom M, Behndig A, Kugelberg M, Montan P, Stenevi U, Pesudovs K. The outcome of cataract surgery measured with the Catquest-9SF. Acta Ophthalmol. 2011;89(8):718\u201323.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Eye and Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40662-022-00318-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40662-022-00318-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40662-022-00318-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T10:20:25Z","timestamp":1670581225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eandv.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40662-022-00318-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40662-022-00318-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-0254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-0254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Stockholm Regional Ethical Review Board (reference number 2017\/130-31\/2) and adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"46"}}