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Patients were examined over a 2 to 20-year period on a recall schedule of 3 to 6 months. In addition to recording clinical parameters, intraoral radiographs were taken at baseline (immediately after superstructure insertion) and at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Patients were differentiated into phenotype 1 with thin, scalloped gingiva and narrow attached gingiva (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919), phenotype 2 with thick, flat gingiva and wide attached gingiva (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923), or phenotyp 3 with thick, scalloped gingiva and narrow attached gingiva (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The mean peri-implant crestal bone loss during the first 12 months was 1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u00a0mm. Patients with gingival phenotype 1 had a significantly greater rate of increased crestal bone loss at implants (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016). No significant differences were present in subsequent years. The prevalence of mucositis at all implants was 27.2%, and the prevalence of peri-implantitis 9.3%. Univariate analyses indicated a significantly higher peri-implantitis risk in patients with gingival phenotype 2 (p-OR\u2009=\u20090.001; p-OR\u2009=\u20090.020). The implants of patients with phenotype 2 had significantly greater probing depths (1st year <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; 3rd year <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016; 10th year <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027; 15th year <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Patients with gingival phenotype 3 showed no significantly increased probing depths, signs of inflammation and crestal bone loss.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients with a gingival phenotype 1 have greater crestal bone loss at implants during the first year of functional loading. Patients with gingival phenotype 2 had significantly greater probing depth at implants and risk of peri-implantitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-024-00531-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T10:02:37Z","timestamp":1723543357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Influence of gingival phenotype on crestal bone loss at implants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Breunig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Stiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Mogk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6982-0312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reiner","family":"Mengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"531_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32233","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002","volume":"73","author":"TJ Oh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oh TJ, Yoon J, Misch CE, Wang HL. 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