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Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Embase (up to November 2024), with quality assessed via the Cochrane risk of bias 2 (RoB2.0) tool. Analysis included direct and network meta-analyses using a random-effects model, with SUCRA scores determining treatment rankings. The PROSPERO registration number was CRD42024607526.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u2022 Of 268 studies, 11 met criteria, covering 283 patients and 362 sinus augmentations using autografts (AB), allografts (AL), beta tricalcium phosphate (TCP), BCP, and xenografts (Xeno). NMA showed AB resulted in 12.33% more new bone formation than BCP (95% CI: 10.74, 13.93), with AL showing 5.14% more (95% CI: 3.33, 6.95). Xeno showed 4.14% less bone formation than BCP (95% CI: -6.38, -1.90). AB ranked highest for new bone formation, followed by AL, BCP, TCP, and Xeno. Residual graft material was highest in Xeno (6.21%; 95% CI: 2.81, 9.61).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u2022 BCP demonstrated sufficient new bone formation, outperforming xenografts in both bone formation and residual graft material. While autografts and allografts exhibited superior bone regeneration, BCP remains an effective option for bone augmentation treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-025-00636-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T07:58:15Z","timestamp":1752566295000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["New bone formation of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute material: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chutikarn","family":"Somngam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sutiwat","family":"Samartkit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukrit","family":"Kanchanasurakit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank Peter","family":"Strietzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pathawee","family":"Khongkhunthian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"636_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12167","volume":"73","author":"V Chappuis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chappuis V, Ara\u00fajo MG, Buser D. 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