{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:44:56Z","timestamp":1792788296230,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":82,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Abant Izzet Baysal University Scientific Research Project Department","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01x1kqx83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Implant Dent"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the failure loads and stress distribution of two different CAD-on systems used for implant-supported crowns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Implant-supported crowns were designed with CAD\/CAM software (Cerec InLab V15.0) and fabricated using the CAD-on technique (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912 per group): Group ZF (zirconia core veneered with feldspathic ceramic) and Group ZL (zirconia core veneered with lithium disilicate ceramic). Following cementation onto titanium abutments, the restorations were subjected to failure load testing using a universal testing machine. Simultaneously, 3D models of FEA were generated to evaluate Von Mises, Maximum Principal, and Minimum Principal stress distributions across the restoration, implant, abutment, and supporting bone. The mean failure loads were compared using the independent samples t-test (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Group ZL exhibited significantly higher failure loads (4649.22\u2009\u00b1\u2009733.42\u00a0N) compared to Group ZF (2085.91\u2009\u00b1\u2009555.61\u00a0N) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). While stress concentrations were primarily located at the implant neck in both groups, the distribution on the abutments differed significantly. In Group ZF, delamination was the primary failure mode (100%), whereas Group ZL presented bulk fractures and abutment deformation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the Group ZL exhibited significantly superior failure load, the veneer delamination observed in Group ZF could act as a protective failure mode. Although the FEA revealed that different veneer ceramics did not alter the stress distribution across the implant and the bone, the selection of restorative system should ideally balance high fracture resistance with the biomechanical safety of the implant components.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-026-00701-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T13:34:05Z","timestamp":1783085645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of lithium disilicate and feldspathic CAD-on systems in implant-supported crowns: a combined mechanical testing and FEA study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2865-372X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Ye\u011fin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1194-0703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa Hayati","family":"Atala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"701_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2014.10.015","volume":"114","author":"P de Kok","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Kok P, Kleverlaan CJ, de Jager N, Kuijs R, Feilzer AJ. Mechanical performance of implant-supported posterior crowns. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114:59\u201366.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"701_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2022.12.001","volume":"39","author":"P Ausiello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ausiello P, Di Lauro AE, Tribst JPM, Watts DC. Stress distribution in resin-based CAD-CAM implant-supported crowns. Dent Mater. 2023;39:114\u201322.","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"701_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.09.008","volume":"37","author":"ET Bergamo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bergamo ET, Yamaguchi S, Lopes AC, Coelho PG, de Ara\u00fajo-J\u00fanior EN, Jalkh EBB, Zahoui A, Bonfante EA. Performance of crowns cemented on a fiber-reinforced composite framework 5-unit implant-supported prostheses: in silico and fatigue analyses. Dent Mater. 2021;37:1783\u201393.","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"701_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04328-0","volume":"24","author":"G Deste G\u00f6kay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deste G\u00f6kay G, Oyar P, G\u00f6k\u00e7imen G, Durkan R. Static and dynamic stress analysis of different crown materials on a titanium base abutment in an implant-supported single crown: a 3D finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24:545.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"701_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12066","volume":"16","author":"JG Wittneben","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wittneben JG, Buser D, Salvi GE, Burgin W, Hicklin S, Bragger U. Complication and failure rates with implant-supported fixed dental prostheses and single crowns: a 10-year retrospective study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2014;16:356\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"701_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13732","volume":"33","author":"G G\u00f6k\u00e7imen","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00f6k\u00e7imen G, Durkan R, Deste G\u00f6kay G, Oyar P. The effect of different abutment and restorative crown materials on stress distribution in single-unit implant\u2010supported restorations: A 3D finite element stress analysis. J Prosthodont. 2024;33:497\u2013505.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"701_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20220421","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2022-0421","volume":"31","author":"RM Pereira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pereira RM, Ribas RG, Montanheiro TLA, Schatkoski VM, Rodrigues KF, Kito LT, Kobo LK, Campos TMB, Bonfante EA, Gierthmuehlen PC. An engineering perspective of ceramics applied in dental reconstructions. J Appl Oral Sci. 2023;31:e20220421.","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"701_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12961","volume":"34","author":"MT Salem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salem MT, El-Layeh M, El\u2010Farag SAA, Salem AS, Attia A. Clinical assessment of different implant\u2010supported esthetic crown systems fabricated with semi\u2010digital workflow: Two\u2010year prospective study. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022;34:1247\u201362.","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"701_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11060144","volume":"11","author":"C Cinquini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cinquini C, Alfonsi F, Marchio V, Gallo F, Zingari F, Bolzoni AR, Romeggio S, Barone A. The use of zirconia for implant-supported fixed complete dental prostheses: a narrative review. Dent J. 2023;11:144.","journal-title":"Dent J"},{"key":"701_CR10","first-page":"77","volume":"12","author":"S Abdulateef","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdulateef S, AlFallaj H, Alzahrani SJ, Ahmed WM. Effect of different veneering techniques on the mechanical failure of tooth-supported veneered zirconia crowns: A systematic review. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2023;12:77\u201387.","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent"},{"key":"701_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13756","volume":"33","author":"VF Nogueira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nogueira VF, Rodrigues CS, Grangeiro MTV, Contreras LPC, Marinho RMM, Bottino MA. Interface adhesion on layered zirconia: Effects of the veneering ceramic material and veneering technique. J Prosthodont. 2024;33:677\u201383.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"701_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185997","volume":"12","author":"A Rauch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rauch A, Heinzmann W, Rosentritt M, Hahnel S, Schmidt MB, Fuchs F, Koenig A. Aging and fracture resistance of implant-supported molar crowns with a CAD\/CAM resin composite veneer structure. J Clin Med. 2023;12:5997.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"701_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.08.023","volume":"125","author":"K Ueda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ueda K, Watanabe F, Katsuta Y, Seto M, Ueno D, Hiroyasu K, Suzuki S, Erdelt K, G\u00fcth J-F. Marginal and internal fit of three-unit fixed dental prostheses fabricated from translucent multicolored zirconia: Framework versus complete contour design. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;125:340. e341-340. e346.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"701_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.12.025","volume":"38","author":"D Taha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taha D, Cesar PF, Sabet A. Influence of different combinations of CAD-CAM crown and customized abutment materials on the force absorption capacity in implant supported restorations\u2013In vitro study. Dent Mater. 2022;38:e10\u20138.","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"701_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440202305687","volume":"34","author":"AGF Tomm","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tomm AGF, Machado PS, Rosa LSd, Pereira GKR, Spazzin AO, Alessandretti R. Fatigue resistance of monolithic and multilayer zirconia crowns using veneer layering or CAD-on technique. Braz Dent J. 2023;34:150\u20139.","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"701_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12869","volume":"66","author":"ME \u00c7\u00f6mleko\u011flu","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c7\u00f6mleko\u011flu ME, Tekero\u011flu F, D\u00fcndar \u00c7\u00f6mleko\u011flu M, \u00d6zcan M, T\u00fcrk\u00fcn L, Paken G. Clinical wear and quality assessment of monolithic and lithium disilicate layered zirconia restorations. Aust Dent J. 2021;66:413\u201322.","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"701_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70116","DOI":"10.1111\/ijac.70116","volume":"23","author":"S Liu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liu S, Yan Y, Gong P, He F. Lithium silicate glass-ceramics for dental restoration: From fundamental properties to machine\u2010learning design. Int J Appl Ceram Technol. 2026;23(1):e70116.","journal-title":"Int J Appl Ceram Technol"},{"key":"701_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12665","volume":"33","author":"SB Bitencourt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bitencourt SB, Bastos NA, Mazza LC, Rangel EC, De Souza GM, da Silva Pereira F, Goiato MC, Dos Santos DM, Pesqueira AA. Effect of handling material on mechanical and optical properties of feldspathic porcelain. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;33:919\u201324.","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"701_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12877","volume":"34","author":"MB Blatz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blatz MB, Hariton-Gross K, Anadioti E, Mante F, Zhang Y, Saleh N. Prospective 5\u2010year clinical evaluation of posterior zirconia fixed dental prostheses veneered with milled lithium disilicate (CADon). J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022;34:136\u201344.","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"701_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1007\/s12008-023-01438-x","volume":"17","author":"L Graiff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Graiff L, Savio G, Di Fiore A, Meneghello R, Uccheddu F. Coupling of multilayer CAD-CAM prosthetic components: Computing the user interaction influence on the adhesion interface geometry. Int J Interact Des M. 2023;17:3321\u201331.","journal-title":"Int J Interact Des M"},{"key":"701_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0285421","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285421","volume":"18","author":"E Epifania","year":"2023","unstructured":"Epifania E, di Lauro AE, Ausiello P, Mancone A, Garcia-Godoy F, Mendes Tribst JP. Effect of crown stiffness and prosthetic screw absence on the stress distribution in implant-supported restoration: A 3D finite element analysis. PLoS ONE. 2023;18:e0285421.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"701_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-020-00267-x","volume":"6","author":"E Ye\u011fin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ye\u011fin E, Atala MH. Comparison of CAD\/CAM manufactured implant-supported crowns with different analyses. Int J Implant Dent. 2020;6:69.","journal-title":"Int J Implant Dent"},{"key":"701_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12393","volume":"26","author":"DO Dogan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dogan DO, Gorler O, Mutaf B, Ozcan M, Eyuboglu GB, Ulgey M. Fracture resistance of molar crowns fabricated with monolithic all-ceramic CAD\/CAM materials cemented on titanium abutments: An in vitro study. J Prosthodont. 2017;26:309\u201314.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"701_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13081964","volume":"13","author":"S-W Pyo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pyo S-W, Kim D-J, Han J-S, Yeo I-SL. Ceramic materials and technologies applied to digital works in implant-supported restorative dentistry. Mater. 2020;13:1964.","journal-title":"Mater"},{"key":"701_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02135-z","volume":"22","author":"H Kermanshah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kermanshah H, Ahmadi E, Rafeie N, Rafizadeh S, Ranjbar Omrani L. Vickers micro-hardness study of the effect of fluoride mouthwash on two types of CAD\/CAM ceramic materials erosion. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22:101.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"701_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12719","volume":"33","author":"AW Habib","year":"2021","unstructured":"Habib AW, Aboushelib MN, Habib NA. Effect of chemical aging on color stability and surface properties of stained all-ceramic restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;33:636\u201347.","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"701_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1898-9","volume":"21","author":"M Rosentritt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosentritt M, Hahnel S, Engelhardt F, Behr M, Preis V. In vitro performance and fracture resistance of CAD\/CAM-fabricated implant supported molar crowns. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21:1213\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"701_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.4601","volume":"31","author":"M Weyhrauch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weyhrauch M, Igiel C, Scheller H, Weibrich G, Lehmann KM. Fracture Strength of Monolithic All-Ceramic Crowns on Titanium Implant Abutments. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2016;31:304\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"701_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210602014010600","volume":"14","author":"M Zahran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zahran M. Effect of Adhesive Gap Setting on Fracture Resistance of All-ceramic Crowns. Open Dent J. 2020;14:600\u20137.","journal-title":"Open Dent J"},{"key":"701_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2019.09.006","volume":"64","author":"P Rammelsberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rammelsberg P, Bermejo JL, Kappel S, Meyer A, Zenth\u00f6fer A. Long-term performance of implant-supported metal-ceramic and all-ceramic single crowns. J Prosthodont Res. 2020;64:332\u20139.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Res"},{"key":"701_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13863","volume":"32","author":"BE Pjetursson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pjetursson BE, Sailer I, Latyshev A, Rabel K, Kohal RJ, Karasan D. A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the survival, the failure, and the complication rates of veneered and monolithic all\u2010ceramic implant\u2010supported single crowns. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2021;32:254\u201388.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"701_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.11.013","volume":"119","author":"AME Marchionatti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marchionatti AME, Aur\u00e9lio IL, May LG. Does veneering technique affect the flexural strength or load-to-failure of bilayer Y-TZP? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119:916\u201324.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"701_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13705","volume":"33","author":"LPC Contreras","year":"2024","unstructured":"Contreras LPC, Rodrigues CS, Zucuni CP, Valandro LF, Marocho SMS, de Melo RM. Fatigue behavior of multilayer ceramic structures in traditional and reverse layering designs. J Prosthodont. 2024;33:389\u201395.","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"701_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2016.01.022","volume":"116","author":"M Bankoglu Gungor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bankoglu Gungor M, Yilmaz H. Evaluation of stress distributions occurring on zirconia and titanium implant-supported prostheses: A three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;116:346\u201355.","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"701_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.11138\/orl\/2017.10.4.369","volume":"10","author":"K Jomjunyong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jomjunyong K, Rungsiyakull P, Rungsiyakull C, Aunmeungtong W, Chantaramungkorn M, Khongkhunthian P. Stress distribution of various designs of prostheses on short implants or standard implants in posterior maxilla: a three dimensional finite element analysis. Oral Implantol. 2017;10:369.","journal-title":"Oral Implantol"},{"key":"701_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2019.12.003","volume":"15","author":"Z-H Jin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jin Z-H, Peng M-D, Li Q. The effect of implant neck microthread design on stress distribution of peri-implant bone with different level: a finite element analysis. J Dent Sci. 2020;15:466\u201371.","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"701_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-018-0119-5","volume":"4","author":"Y Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang Y, Tambe AA, Maeda Y, Wada M, Gonda T. Finite element analysis of dental implants with validation: to what extent can we expect the model to predict biological phenomena? A literature review and proposal for classification of a validation process. Int J Implant Dent. 2018;4:7.","journal-title":"Int J Implant Dent"},{"key":"701_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2011.12.007","volume":"40","author":"M Schmitter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmitter M, Mueller D, Rues S. Chipping behaviour of all-ceramic crowns with zirconia framework and CAD\/CAM manufactured veneer. J Dent. 2012;40:154\u201362.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"701_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12061","volume":"40","author":"M Schmitter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schmitter M, Mueller D, Rues S. In vitro chipping behaviour of all-ceramic crowns with a zirconia framework and feldspathic veneering: comparison of CAD\/CAM-produced veneer with manually layered veneer. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40:519\u201325.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Implant Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40729-026-00701-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40729-026-00701-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40729-026-00701-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:42:21Z","timestamp":1790152941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40729-026-00701-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40729-026-00701-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-4034"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-4034","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"48"}}