{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T21:12:27Z","timestamp":1788642747051,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Implant Dent"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study focuses on the characterization and evaluation of innovative surface modifications of zirconia implants aimed at optimizing hard and soft tissue management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cytocompatibility of newly developed ceramic implant coatings was assessed. Five different surface types were investigated: uncoated zirconia (Zr), zirconia coated with pure titanium (ZrTi), zirconia coated with calcium phosphate (CaP), zirconia coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) and zirconia coated with calcium phosphate-hydroxyapatite (CaP\/HA). Cytocompatibility was assessed using L929 mouse fibroblasts and MC3T3 pre-osteoblasts. Testing was performed in both direct and indirect cell contact with the materials. In the direct contact setup, cells were cultured for 24\u00a0h on the test surfaces, followed by live\/dead staining and fluorescence microscopy. In the indirect setup, material extracts were prepared and cell viability was quantified after 72\u00a0h using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell proliferation (XTT) assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All tested surfaces demonstrated good cytocompatibility without significant cytotoxic effects. Supplementary scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses confirmed the successful application of the coatings and provided detailed insight into surface topography and elemental composition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite-coated zirconia implants represent a promising biocompatible alternative to titanium-based surfaces, with the potential to improve tissue integration and long-term clinical outcomes in ceramic dental implantology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-026-00713-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T08:45:30Z","timestamp":1788597930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In-vitro characterization and evaluation of innovative surface modifications of zirconia implants for the optimization of hard and soft tissue management"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fabian","family":"Angerer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Smeets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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