{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:46:54Z","timestamp":1793224014994,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["matern health, neonatol and perinatol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40748-024-00191-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T19:57:49Z","timestamp":1730663869000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of criterion-based audit in improving quality of neonatal birth asphyxia care at Balaka district hospital in Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Chank","family":"Mwalweni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen Mbweza","family":"Chirwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveles Banda","family":"Chimala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirriam Window","family":"Shaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leone","family":"Lowole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Kasawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina Kalawa","family":"Mwakhundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"191_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. New-borns: improving survival and well-being. 2024; https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/newborn-mortality"},{"key":"191_CR2","unstructured":"UNICEF. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report. 2018. UNICEF (2018). Available online at: https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/reports\/levels-and-trends-child-mortality-report-2018 (accessed October 27, 2021)."},{"key":"191_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Bank. Malawi: Development News, Research, Data. World Bank. (2021). Available online at: https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/malawi (accessed October 27, 2021).","DOI":"10.1596\/35138"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00294-6","volume":"4","author":"M Kanyuka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kanyuka M, Ndawala J, Mleme T, Chisesa L, Makwemba M, Amouzou A, et al. Malawi and Millennium Development goal 4: a countdown to 2015 country case study. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4(3):e201\u2013214.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"191_CR5","unstructured":"National Statistical Office. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey [Internet]. 2015. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-fr319-dhs-final-reports.cfm"},{"key":"191_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fitzgerald E, Mlotha-Mitole R, Ciccone EJ, Tilly AE, Montijo JM, Lang HJ et al. A pediatric death audit in a large referral hospital in Malawi. BMC Pediatr [Internet]. 2018 Dec [cited 2024 Jun 17];18(1):75. https:\/\/bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-018-1051-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1051-9"},{"key":"191_CR7","unstructured":"UNICEF. Maternal and New-born Health Disparities in Malawi [Internet]. 2021. file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Al%20Muzdhar20Computers\/Downloads\/country20profile_MWI%20(9).pdf"},{"key":"191_CR8","unstructured":"Malawi Ministry of Health. DHIS2 [Internet]. 2022. https:\/\/dhis2.health.gov.mw\/dhis-web-commons\/security\/login.action"},{"key":"191_CR9","unstructured":"Organization WH. Guidelines on basic newborn resuscitation [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2012 [cited 2024 Jun 17]. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/75157"},{"key":"191_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Handing G, Straneo M, Agossou C, Wanduru P, Kandeya B, Abeid MS et al. Birth asphyxia and its association with grand multiparity and referral among hospital births: A prospective cross-sectional study in Benin, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand [Internet]. 2024 Mar [cited 2024 Jul 26];103(3):590\u2013601. https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.14754","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14754"},{"issue":"7","key":"191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102153440701","volume":"344","author":"BM Casey","year":"2001","unstructured":"Casey BM, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ. The continuing value of the Apgar score for the assessment of newborn infants. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(7):467\u201371.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"191_CR12","unstructured":"Larson A, McPherson R, Posner J, LaFond A, Ricca J. Scaling Up High-Impact Health Interventions in Complex Adaptive Systems: Lessons from MCHIP. 2015."},{"key":"191_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haraldsd\u00f3ttir I, Milanzi Faque B, Thorkelsson T, Gunnlaugsson G. Assessment of improved neonatal ward infrastructure on neonatal health outcomes in southern Malawi. Journal of Global Health Reports [Internet]. 2021 Jul 6 [cited 2024 Jun 11];5. https:\/\/www.joghr.org\/article\/24587-assessment-of-improved-neonatal-ward-infrastructure-on-neonatal-health-outcomes-in-southern-malawi","DOI":"10.29392\/001c.24587"},{"key":"191_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L\u00f6wensteyn YN, Housseine N, Masina T, Browne JL, Rijken MJ. Birth asphyxia following delayed recognition and response to abnormal labor progress and fetal distress in a 31-year-old multiparous Malawian woman. BMJ Case Rep [Internet]. 2019 Sep [cited 2024 Jun 11];12(9):e227973. https:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227973","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227973"},{"key":"191_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tewesa E, Chirwa E, Majamanda MD, Maluwa A, Chimwaza A. Associative Factors for Birth Asphyxia at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital\u2014Malawi. JBM [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Jun 11];05(05):22\u201331. http:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236\/jbm.2017.55003.","DOI":"10.4236\/jbm.2017.55003"},{"key":"191_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tura AK, Aboul-Ela Y, Fage SG, Ahmed SS, Scherjon S, van Roosmalen J et al. Introduction of Criterion-Based Audit of Postpartum Hemorrhage in a University Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia: Implementation and Considerations. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Dec [cited 2022 Mar 19];17(24):9281. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7764538\/","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249281"},{"key":"191_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kayiga H, Ajeani J, Kiondo P, Kaye DK. Improving the quality of obstetric care for women with obstructed labor in the national referral hospital in Uganda: lessons learnt from criteria-based audit. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2016 Dec [cited 2022 Mar 13];16(1):152. http:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-016-0949-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0949-1"},{"key":"191_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mgaya AH, Litorp H, Kidanto HL, Nystr\u00f6m L, Ess\u00e9n B. Criteria-based audit to improve quality of care of foetal distress: standardising obstetric care at a national referral hospital in a low resource setting, Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth [Internet]. 2016 Nov 8 [cited 2022 Mar 13];16(1):343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-016-1137-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1137-z"},{"key":"191_CR19","unstructured":"National Statistical Office. Malawi Population and Housing Census [Internet]. 2018. https:\/\/malawi.unfpa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdf\/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report%20%281%29.pdf"},{"key":"#cr-split#-191_CR20.1","unstructured":"O'Hare BAM, Kawaza K, Mzikamanda R, Molyneux L. Care of the infant and newborn in Malawi (2017): the COIN Course - Participants Manual [Internet]. University of St Andrews"},{"key":"#cr-split#-191_CR20.2","unstructured":"2016 [cited 2024 May 18]. https:\/\/research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk\/handle\/10023\/12839"},{"key":"191_CR21","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Essential newborn care course. World Health Organization; 2010."},{"key":"191_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kidanto HL, Wangwe P, Kilewo CD, Nystrom L, Lindmark G. Improved quality of management of eclampsia patients through criteria based audit at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Bridging the quality gap. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2012 Dec [cited 2024 Jun 17];12(1):134. https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-12-134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-134"},{"key":"191_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinedo M, Chiy\u00f3n I, P\u00e9rez F. The Influence of Transparency on Self-Evaluation as Part of the University Accreditation Process in Peru. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2024 Jun 17];46:1069\u201376. https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877042812013791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.05.250"},{"key":"191_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahearne CE. Short and long term prognosis in perinatal asphyxia: An update. WJCP [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2024 Jun 17];5(1):67. http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2219-2808\/full\/v5\/i1\/67.htm","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v5.i1.67"},{"key":"191_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Njie AE, Nyandiko WM, Ahoya PA, Moutchia JS. A comparative analysis of APGAR score and the gold standard in the diagnosis of birth asphyxia at a tertiary health facility in Kenya. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2023 May 24 [cited 2024 May 14];18(5):e0285828. https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0285828","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285828"},{"key":"191_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apgar V. The Newborn (APGAR) Scoring System: Reflections and Advice. Pediatric Clinics of North America [Internet]. 1966 Aug 1 [cited 2024 May 14];13(3):645\u201350. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0031395516318740","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)31874-0"},{"key":"191_CR27","unstructured":"Balasundaram P, Dumpa V. Neonatal Hyperglycemia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [cited 2024 May 18]. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK567769\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2017.10.006","volume":"45","author":"MB Lemelman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lemelman MB, Letourneau L, Greeley SAW. Neonatal diabetes Mellitus: an update on diagnosis and management. Clin Perinatol. 2018;45(1):41\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clp.2017.10.006.","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"191_CR29","unstructured":"Cranmer H. Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology. 2024 Jan 25 [cited 2024 May 18]; https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/802334-overview?form=fpf"},{"key":"191_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Datta V. Therapeutic Hypothermia for Birth Asphyxia in Neonates. Indian J Pediatr [Internet]. 2017 Mar [cited 2024 May 14];84(3):219\u201326. http:\/\/link.springer.com\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-016-2266-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-016-2266-0"},{"key":"191_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niermeyer S, Robertson NJ, Ersdal HL. Beyond basic resuscitation: What are the next steps to improve the outcomes of resuscitation at birth when resources are limited? Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine [Internet]. 2018 Oct [cited 2024 Jun 17];23(5):361\u20138. https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1744165X18300763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2018.06.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-020-00263-2","volume":"15","author":"Y Miyoshi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miyoshi Y, Suenaga H, Aoki M, Tanaka S. Determinants of excessive weight loss in breastfed full-term newborns at a baby-friendly hospital: a retrospective cohort study. Int Breastfeed J. 2020;15(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13006-020-00263-2.","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"key":"191_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nyikuri M, Kumar P, Jones C, English M. \u201cBut you have to start somewhere\u2026.\u201d: Nurses\u2019 perceptions of what is required to provide quality neonatal care in selected hospitals, Kenya. Wellcome Open Res [Internet]. 2019 Dec 6 [cited 2024 Jun 17];4:195. Available from: https:\/\/wellcomeopenresearch.org\/articles\/4-195\/v1.","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15592.1"},{"issue":"7","key":"191_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0099-6","volume":"38","author":"JY Ting","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ting JY, Synnes AR, Lee SK, Shah PS, Canadian Neonatal Network and Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network. Association of admission temperature and death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low-gestational age neonates. J Perinatol. 2018;38(7):844\u20139.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"191_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shikuku DN, Milimo B, Ayebare E, Gisore P, Nalwadda G. Practice and outcomes of neonatal resuscitation for newborns with birth asphyxia at Kakamega County General Hospital, Kenya: a direct observation study. BMC Pediatr [Internet]. 2018 Dec [cited 2024 Jun 17];18(1):167. https:\/\/bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-018-1127-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1127-6"},{"key":"191_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"KC A, Peven K, Ameen S, Msemo G, Basnet O, Ruysen H et al. Neonatal resuscitation: EN-BIRTH multi-country validation study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth [Internet]. 2021;21(1):235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-020-03422-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03422-9"},{"key":"191_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manan MM, Ibrahim NA, Aziz NA, Zulkifly HH, Al-Worafi YMA, Long CM. Empirical use of antibiotic therapy in the prevention of early onset sepsis in neonates: a pilot study. Arch Med Sci [Internet]. 2016 Jun 1 [cited 2024 May 18];12(3):603\u201313. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4889677\/","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.51208"}],"container-title":["Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40748-024-00191-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40748-024-00191-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40748-024-00191-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T19:58:58Z","timestamp":1730663938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mhnpjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40748-024-00191-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40748-024-00191-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4594213\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2054-958X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-958X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was sought from University of Malawi College of Medicine research and ethics committee with reference number P.02\/23\/3991. Institutional clearance was granted by Balaka district hospital research and ethics committee. Participant\u2019s identification information such as name and address were delinked from the case files before data collection to ensure anonymity. To achieve this, the data clerks were requested to photocopy all eligible case files having hidden the name and the address.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21"}}