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Ethical approval was obtained from the Makerere University School of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (SOMREC; Mak-SOMREC-2023-799) and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (Ref. number: UNCST-2023-R005947). Permission to conduct the study at Anaka General Hospital was obtained from the Nwoya District Health Office and administration of Anaka General hospital. All data were extracted from routine hospital records; therefore, informed consent was waived by the ethics committees, as the study involved no direct patient contact or interventions, and patient confidentiality was strictly maintained through de-identification of all records prior to analysis.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"60"}}