{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T15:56:20Z","timestamp":1772898980016,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biosafety Special Program","award":["19SWAQ 13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19SWAQ 13"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011410","name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro\/Nano Fabrication","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZX10103002-001-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10103002-001-007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Military Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite the widespread use of malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in clinical practice, there are a lot of challenges. We conducted a secondary analysis of 129 malaria RDT data from rounds 5\u20138 of the World Health Organization (WHO) product testing summary and discuss the causes of false-negative (FN) results with a focus on low parasite density, improper RDT storage, operation and interpretation, and\n                    <jats:italic>plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    with a\n                    <jats:italic>pfhrp2\/3<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene deletion. The results demonstrated that the malaria RDTs currently commercially available might cause FN results in practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-021-00345-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T22:47:33Z","timestamp":1633560453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Secondary analysis of malaria rapid diagnostic tests from rounds 5\u20138 of WHO product testing with a focus on false-negative results"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Biao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Jalloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Song","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1683-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"345_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). Malaria rapid diagnostic test performance: results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: round 8 (2016\u20132018). https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/276190"},{"issue":"5","key":"345_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11050768","volume":"11","author":"MJ Kavanaugh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kavanaugh MJ, Azzam SE, Rockabrand DM. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests: literary review and recommendation for a quality assurance, quality control algorithm. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021;11(5):768.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"345_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). Malaria rapid diagnostic test performance: summary results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: round 1\u20138 (2008\u20132018). https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/276193"},{"key":"345_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0006","volume":"100","author":"MM Plucinski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plucinski MM, Dimbu PR, Fortes F, Murphy SC, Smith NT, Cruz KR, et al. Malaria parasite density in individuals with different rapid diagnostic test results and concentrations of HRP2 antigen. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019;100:1202\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"345_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02015.x","volume":"13","author":"OM Seidahmed","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seidahmed OM, Mohamedein MM, Elsir AA, Ali FT, el Malik FM, Ahmed ES. End-user errors in applying two malaria rapid diagnostic tests in a remote area of Sudan. Trop Med Int Health. 2008;13:406\u20139.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"}],"container-title":["Military Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40779-021-00345-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40779-021-00345-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40779-021-00345-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:52:32Z","timestamp":1772830352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40779-021-00345-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40779-021-00345-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-9369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-9369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"52"}}