{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:19:07Z","timestamp":1791195547338,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["surg case rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A pigmented carcinoid is an extremely rare variant of carcinoid characterized by melanin pigmentation of the tumor, with only five cases described in the literature. In addition, thymic carcinoids are rare in elderly patients and their prognosis after resection of the carcinoid tumor is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An anterior mediastinal tumor was incidentally found in an 82-year-old man who had been diagnosed with acute thoracic empyema. The tumor was considered most likely to be a noninvasive thymoma or thymic carcinoma for which surgery was indicated after the resolution of the empyema. The tumor was completely resected 4\u00a0months after the empyema surgery, and the patient had an uneventful postoperative course. A cut surface of the resected specimen was extensively pigmented and appeared dark-brownish, with abundant melanin pigmentation later confirmed in the spindle-shaped tumor cells. Based on the histologic examination and immunohistochemical study, melanoma was eliminated as a differential diagnosis and the tumor was diagnosed as a pigmented atypical carcinoid of the thymus.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This report provides additional knowledge on thymic pigmented carcinoids and thymic atypical carcinoids in elderly patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40792-020-01094-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T22:03:01Z","timestamp":1609970581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pigmented spindle cell variant of a thymic atypical carcinoid in an octogenarian"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0513-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasushi","family":"Sakamaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asako","family":"Mike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironao","family":"Yasuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1094_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377","volume":"26","author":"JC Yao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yao JC, Hassan M, Phan A, Dagohoy C, Leary C, Mares JE, et al. One hundred years after \u2018Carcinoid\u2019: epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3063\u201372.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1094_CR2","volume-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart","author":"WD Travis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Travis WD, Brambillia E, Burke AP, Marx A, Nicholson AG. World Health Organization classification of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. Lyon: IARC Press; 2015."},{"key":"1094_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197204)29:4<1061::AID-CNCR2820290456>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"29","author":"J Rosai","year":"1972","unstructured":"Rosai J, Higa E. Mediastinal endocrine neoplasm of probable thymic origin related to carcinoid tumor. 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Pigmented carcinoid tumor of the thymus. Histopathology. 1977;1:363\u20139.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"1094_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19870201)59:3<484::AID-CNCR2820590322>3.0.CO;2-C","volume":"59","author":"W Lagrange","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lagrange W, Dahm H-H, Karstens J, Feichtinger J, Mittermayer C. Melanocytic neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus. Cancer. 1987;59:484\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1094_CR8","first-page":"946","volume":"12","author":"KM Klemm","year":"1999","unstructured":"Klemm KM, Moran CA, Suster S. Pigmented thymic carcinoids: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of two cases. Mod Pathol. 1999;12:946\u20138.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"1094_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2002.01339.x","volume":"40","author":"T-T Kuo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kuo T-T. Pigmented spindle cell carcinoid tumor of the thymus with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion: report of a rare variant and differential diagnosis of mediastinal spindle cell neoplasms. Histopathology. 2002;40:159\u201365.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"1094_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181dd4ec4","volume":"251","author":"P Gaur","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gaur P, Leary C, Yao JC. Thymic neuroendocrine tumors: a SEER database analysis of 160 patients. Ann Surg. 2010;251:1117\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"1094_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.03.062","volume":"94","author":"G Cardillo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cardillo G, Rea F, Lucchi M, Paul MA, Margaritora S, Carleo F, et al. Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus: a multicenter experience of 35 patients. 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Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2018;26:18\u201324.","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"}],"container-title":["Surgical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40792-020-01094-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40792-020-01094-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40792-020-01094-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T22:07:56Z","timestamp":1609970876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40792-020-01094-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40792-020-01094-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The institutional review board of Osaka Police Hospital approved this case report.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12"}}