{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T21:53:52Z","timestamp":1740174832271,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["surg case rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thymomas complicated with myasthenia gravis are conventionally treated during thoracic surgery. Particularly, invasive thymomas are resected alongside the surrounding organs. Here, we present a case where surgical and perioperative management was performed under the presumption of thymoma with myasthenia gravis. However, definitive pathology revealed the co-occurrence of B3 thymoma and thymic squamous cell carcinoma. This case highlights the unique presentation and exceptional rarity of thymomas that are complicated by myasthenia gravis and thymic carcinoma. <\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 65-year-old female presented with eyelid ptosis at our hospital. Following a comprehensive examination, the patient was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Her computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an anterior mediastinal tumor suggestive of a thymoma, prompting a referral to the Department of Thoracic Surgery. Moreover, preoperative assessment could not definitively exclude pericardial invasion. She subsequently underwent an extended thymectomy via a longitudinal sternal incision. The tumor exhibited partial invasion of the pericardium, necessitating resection and reconstruction. Definitive pathological examination confirmed the co-occurrence of B3 thymoma and thymic squamous cell carcinoma. Positive lymph node metastasis classified the patient as stage IVa according to the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors, 8th Edition, and she was started on adjuvant radiotherapy postoperatively. Currently, the patient remains under observation, with follow-up CT scans showing no signs of recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This report describes an extremely rare case of thymoma complicated with myasthenia gravis and thymic squamous cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40792-024-02025-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T10:03:05Z","timestamp":1727344985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An extremely rare case of thymic squamous cell carcinoma complicated with B3 thymoma and myasthenia gravis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2672-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maiko","family":"Atari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuo","family":"Tokairin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"72","key":"2025_CR1","first-page":"61","volume":"2024","author":"Committee for Scientific Affairs, T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Committee for Scientific Affairs, The Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery, Matsumiya G, Sato Y, Takeuchi H, Abe T, Endo S, Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeries in Japan during, et al. Annual report by the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020;2024(72):61\u201394.","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2025_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezv239","volume":"49","author":"T Hishida","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hishida T, Nomura S, Yano M, Asamura H, Yamashita M, Ohde Y, et al. Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of surgically treated thymic carcinoma\u202f: results of 306 cases from a Japanese Nationwide Database Study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2016;49:835\u201341.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2025_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000128","volume":"9","author":"E Ruffini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruffini E, Detterbeck F, Van Raemdonck D, Rocco G, Thomas P, Weder W, et al. Thymic carcinoma: a cohort study of patients from the European society of thoracicsurgeons database. J Thorac Oncol. 2014;9:541\u20138.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"2025_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4825-4","volume":"23","author":"H Fu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fu H, Gu ZT, Fang WT, Fu JH, Shen Y, Han YT, et al. Long-term survival after surgical treatment of thymic carcinoma: a retrospective analysis from the Chinese alliance for research of thymoma database. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016;23:619\u201325.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2025_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.09.006","volume":"95","author":"B Weksler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weksler B, Dhupar R, Parikh V, Nason KS, Pennathur A, Ferson PF. Thymic carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of factors predictive of survival in 290 patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;95:299\u2013303.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2025_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-9-8","volume":"9","author":"Wu Shi-gang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shi-gang Wu, Li Y, Li B, Tian X-Y, Li Z. Unusual combined thymic mucoepidermoid carcinoma and thymoma: a case report and review of literature. Diagn Pathol. 2014;9:8.","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"2025_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-016-0590-3","volume":"12","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Liu Y, Shi X, Mao X, Zhao Y, Fan C, et al. An unusual combined thymic carcinoma composed of squamous cell carcinoma and type AB thymoma: a rare case report. Diagn Pathol. 2017;12:9.","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"2025_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01017-8","volume":"76","author":"K Kondo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kondo K, Monden Y. Lymphogenous and hematogenous metastasis of thymic epithelial tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;76:1859\u201364.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"}],"container-title":["Surgical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40792-024-02025-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40792-024-02025-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40792-024-02025-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T10:04:25Z","timestamp":1727345065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40792-024-02025-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40792-024-02025-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-7793"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2198-7793"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval and consent to participate were performed under compliance with the declaration of Helsinki and personal information. The patient data of this case report will not be shared to ensure patient confidentiality.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written consent for publication was obtained by the patient.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"224"}}